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Democratic vs Non-Democratic Systems
- 1. Presented by: Kashish Purmessur (1911007) POLI 102 Instructor: Amanda Carrasco
- 3. DEMOCRATIC NON- DEMOCRATIC Direct Democracy Dictatorship Representative Democracy Authoritarianis m Democracy Totalitarianism Direct democracy is more centred on policy initiations, where all decisions are voted on by people. The Athenian Democracy and the Roman Republic are two prevalent examples. Representative democracy is a variety of democracy founded on the principle of elected people representing a group of people. A democracy is a government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction, which is the case in most countries in our modern times. Dictatorship is an opposed ideology of democracy where an autocratic form of government is formed & ruled by only one leader. Authoritarian government is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of potential challengers. It usus political parties and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime. Totalitarianism is an extreme version of authoritarianism. It is a political system where the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life where necessary.
- 4. The Athenian democracy is the first democracy created, developed around the 6th century. Greece’s system of self-government greatly influenced how the founding fathers set out to construct the new United States government. The United States and many other countries throughout the modern world have adopted democratic governments to give a voice to their people. Decisions were mainly influenced by powerful men & women, foreigners and slaves were excluded, meaning that societies were more patriarchal. In today’s democracy, education has become an essential aspect, giving rise to more knowledgeable citizens when electing the right government. Based on a system of meritocracy, each individual, regardless their social classes might be successful. Reinforced laws in favour of human rights to promote equality and fight against climate change
- 5. Dictatorship started at the very start of humankind, mounting from Julius Caesar in Rome or Napoleon Bonaparte in France, using their own people to commit atrocities in their own favour, waging wars and starving people. Non-democratic existed for a long time, through dictatorships, authoritarianism & totalitarianism Main Influence The leader dictates policies and procedures Control over people’s lives Adolf Hitler rose to power using a totalitarian approach where he was the ultimate leader which had the main motive to take over Europe & the rest of the world because of supremacy, which led to a massacre of thousands of deaths on the way. Leaders using religion as a false consciousness to exploit people’s belief and turn them into an oppressed population for example Sudan or Egypt.
- 8. 1. The need to balance power Establishing a constitution pertains to :- • Maintain justice, providing laws that are reasonable, fair and impartial in favour of the prosecutors in accordance to the citizens. • Ensure domestic tranquility, keep peace and maintain order within the country. • Promote general welfare & common defence, that is ensuring that the country is economically and militarily prepared for any contingencies. 2. Economic stability and advancement in infrastructural and technological aspects • Taxes that exist all around the world, depending on the states or provinces are used to pay for the facilities, services, and programs they provide such as better roads, improving education in every domain and building of new parks or conveniences for the welfare of the population • Grants & subsidies provided by the government to boost the economy and help local businesses to grow in order to promote employment and income. For example, the Canadian Emergency Response Benefit that was granted by the Canadian Government during Covid-19 to ensure economic stability among its people.
- 9. In contrast to a democratic country, dictators have their unique way of ruling their countries and sometimes, in extreme conditions. Those leaders may have narcissistic traits, driven by absolute power which may lead to destruction. Despite providing fundamental institutions like education or health care, the services provided are bound to reach a limited amount of people. In North Korea for example, Schoolchildren were taught to give thanks to Kim Il-sung, the source of all of their blessings, as part of their training and in this modern world, where internet users have reached its peak, there is no access to WIFI, and education is limited only to what is being taught in society and at school. On other hand, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo in Equatorial Guinea, has been ruling an authoritarian government since 1979. Freedom of association and assembly are harshly restricted under Mbasogo’s violent and oppressive rule, and essential healthcare and primary education improvements have been ignored. Mbasogo profits from billions of dollars of oil exports, but 76.8 percent of Equatorial Guinea’s population lives in poverty, driving them into mercy.
- 10. Corruption, that is the fraudulent act by those in power has taken an unprecedented amplitude in the world, regardless if it is a democratic country or a dictatorship one. “Power does not corrupt. Fear corrupts... perhaps the fear of a loss of power” (Steinbeck. J, n.d) One of the biggest corruption in Latin America’s history is the petrochemical complex known as Comperj, in Brazil. An elaborated bribery scheme that involved congress members and even politicians where the country even went to recession, including thousands of job losses. The main motive MONEY
- 11. While probing deeper, the application of democracy across nations varies :- • In developing countries or third world ones, even it is a democracy, the voices of people are unattainable; Military basements established which slows down the growth of political institutions and therefore giving rise to absolute power and corruption by the ruler. • Media censorship has also become part of some countries’ corruptible where affluent politicians take over the media in their favour and centralize the mass public in the way he/she wants to • In dictatorship countries, the level of chronic poverty and illiteracy due to poor education leaving those people dependant upon the leader Electoral corruption is inevitable in this case.
- 12. Ensuring that people have the right to discuss, exchange and debate ideas. The freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. Internet has become the most powerful platform where people may express themselves in a whole while having feedbacks from people all other the world. Major controversies around a democracy are against the system itself.
- 13. Violation of rights Human rights violation is still present in many countries, mainly in authoritarian & totalitarian countries where corruption is at its peak. From evicting people by force from their homes (the right to adequate housing) to denying services and information about health (the right to health). Also, discriminating at work based on traits like race, gender, and sexual orientation (The right to work) The most recent controversy was based upon the right to choose your sexual orientation and a massive wave of impact hit the LGBT community. This right is treated differently in various coutries. In western democracies for example, the government has given their support by implementing new rights in the work industry where people can be themselves. In contrast, countries in the Middle East and Africa are still struggling with the fact that being in the LGBT community is a crime and this type of government are centred within divine guidance.
- 14. Social security reforms & its impact Social Security reforms is a reduction or elimination of benefits for wealthier or higher- income participants and beneficiaries to make it financially sustainable for the long run and modernizing benefits However, there are some countries who are against it; in the case of Nicaragua where the government decided to cut pension plans and increase payroll taxes which might plunge the country in a recession in the long run. This gave rise to a massive impact that killed more than 300 people in protests against this reform and all these killings by the authorities themselves, while also trying to cover- up the massacre And the principal violations: 1. Police Brutality 2. Government corruption 3. Deprivation of benefits awarded to hardworking people
- 15. Theocracy & Censorship Theocracy is regarded as religious-text guided. In many theocracies, government leaders are members of the clergy, and the state's legal system is based on religious law. Sometimes, being fundamental about certain aspects and refusing to change might encounter war and absolute control over a whole country. In countries like Afghanistan or Iraq, terrorism has taken an unprecedented turn of events and many people are killed through shootings or bombings. More than 5,000 U.S. troops are established in Iraq to help local forces contain the Islamic State and act as a counterweight to Iran's influence in the region. In the neighbouring country, censorship has become essential in Iran for the Government in order to use it as suppression of the opposition and enhancing the public opinion. The main influence that may affect the public opinion is the internet, where third parties might interact and change the mindset of locals. In that case, those in power have seized the internet on their end where for example China has architected its internet in a whole with government control in mind and in other cases, countries like Iran or Ethiopia simply shut down the internet within the country during drastic changes to avoid concentrated revolts.
- 16. Conclusion We live in a world where globalization has reached its climax, where powerful messages might be shared via social platforms with the highest number of interactions. People have become more career-oriented and may well perceive between the good and the bad. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has set up rights in favour of all individuals, like a global roadmap for freedom and equality. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has been set up by the World Meteorological Organization and United Nation Environment to fight against climate change & global warming. Leading countries such as the US or Canada setting up exemplary actions like setting up environmental organizations to reduce pollution.