The document discusses several famous architectural arches and structures around the world: - The Whalebone Arch Barrow in Barrow, Alaska is made from whale ribs and symbolizes the dependence on whales for the Inupiat people. - The Lotus Temple in Delhi, India is shaped like a lotus flower and serves as a Bahá'í House of Worship open to all faiths. - The Flower Dome at Gardens by the Bay in Singapore replicates a Mediterranean climate and features desert plants from around the world. - The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri is the tallest arch in the Western Hemisphere and was built as a monument to American western expansion.

2. WHALE BONE ARCH BARROW
DELICATE ARCH
GATEWAY ARCH
LOTUS TEMPLE
GARDENS BY THE BAY FLOWER DOME

4. WHALEBONEARCHBARROWThis arch, made from the ribs of a
bowhead whale, is the signature spot in Barrow.
It is a symbolic gateway to the Arctic Ocean as
much as the Gateway Arch on the Mississippi
River in St. Louis is an entrance to the American
West.
There is nothing particularly remarkable
about the arch except that it symbolizes the
dependence upon the whale for the very existence
and survival of the Inupiat Eskimos who have
survived and thrived in this harsh environment for
five thousand years.

9. LOTUS TEMPLE Like all other Bahá'í Houses of Worship, the
Lotus Temple is open to all regardless of religion, or
any other distinction, as emphasized in Bahá'í texts.
The Bahá'í laws emphasize that the spirit of the House
of Worship be that it is a gathering place where
people of all religions may worship God without
denominational restrictions.
The Lotus Temple, located in New Delhi, India, is
a Bahá'í House of Worship completed in 1986. Notable
for its flowerlike shape, it serves as the Mother Temple
of the Indian subcontinent and has become a prominent
attraction in the city. The Lotus Temple has won
numerous architectural awards and been featured in
hundreds of newspaper and magazine articles

10. East of Nehru place, this temple is built in the shape of a lotus flower
and is the last of seven Major Bahai's temples built around the world.
Completed in1986 it is set among the lush green landscaped gardens.
The structure is made up of pure white marble The architect Furiburz
Sabha chose the lotus as the symbol common to Hinduism, Buddhism,
Jainism and Islam. Adherents of any faith are free to visit the temple and
pray or meditate. Around the blooming petals there are nine pools of
water, which light up, in natural light. It looks spectacular at dusk when it is
flood lit.

15. Gardens By The Bay Flower Dome
Step into the Flower Dome and you’ll be
standing in awe of nature. Spectacular and innovative in
design, it is one of the icons of Bay South Garden. The
Flower Dome replicates the cool-dry climate of
Mediterranean regions like South Africa, California and
parts of Spain and Italy. Home to a collection of plants
from deserts all over the world, it showcases the
adaptations of plants to arid environments. Stop and
smell the flowers in the colourful changing displays of
the Flower Field, which reflects different seasons,
festivals and themes.

16. The Flower Dome is the lower but larger of the two, at 1.2 hectares (3.0 acres). It
replicates a mild, dry climate and features plants found in the Mediterranean and other semi-
arid tropical regions (e.g. parts of Australia, South America, South Africa).
The Flower Dome is 38 metres (125 ft) high and maintains a temperature between
23°C and 25°C, slightly lower at night. The Flower Dome features 7 different "gardens" as well
as an olive grove with a bistro and a central changing display field has also been
incorporated to enable flower shows and displays to be held within the conservatory.
The final construction cost for the project, not including the price of the land but
including an access road, drainage works, and soil improvement, was within a $1.035 billion
allocated budget. The annual operating cost was expected to be approximately $58 million,
of which $28 million was for operation of the Conservatory buildings. The project received 1.7
million visitors between June and October 2012, who had free admission to most portions of
the park but were required to purchase tickets for entering the Conservatories.

19. F(x)= 0.009 x (130-x)

21. The Gateway Arch is a 630-foot-high (192 m)
monument in St. Louis, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Clad in stainless steel and built in the form of a
flattened catenary arch, it is the tallest man-made
monument in the Western Hemisphere, Missouri's
tallest accessible building, and the world's tallest
arch. Built as a monument to the westward
expansion of the United States, it is the centerpiece
of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial and
has become an internationally famous symbol of St.
Louis.
DELICATE ARCH, ARCHES
NATIONAL PARK

22. Delicate Arch is one of Utah's most famous icons. You see images of it everywhere: on
magazine covers, computer screen savers and license plates. But photos do not adequately
convey the stunning beauty that hits you as you come over the ridge and see the arch in person
for the first time-when you stand under it, the arch towering above your head, slickrock canyons
falling away below you, the snow-covered La Sal Mountains in the distance. It is a spectacular
sight.
Delicate Arch has become the unofficial symbol of Utah. Towering eighty feet over hikers,
Delicate Arch is one of the highlights of Arches National Park and is possibly the most beautiful
arch in the world. This arch needs to be experienced in person to be really appreciated. This hike
competes with Devils Garden as the best hike in Arches National Park.
If you are looking for good photo opportunities this is the spot, Delicate Arch is probably
the most photographed arch in the world. Resting on top of a huge Entrada Sandstone
formation, the world-famous site offers a dramatic views.

26. The Gateway Arch is a 630-foot-high (192 m)
monument in St. Louis, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Clad in stainless steel and built in the form of a
flattened catenary arch, it is the tallest man-made
monument in the Western Hemisphere, Missouri's
tallest accessible building, and the world's tallest
arch. Built as a monument to the westward
expansion of the United States, it is the centerpiece
of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial and
has become an internationally famous symbol of St.
Louis.
GATEWAY ARCH, ST. LOUIS

27. In 1987 the Gateway Arch and its surrounding grounds were designated a National Historic
Landmark. The Arch was only 24 years old when NHL designation was bestowed and the landscape plan
had been completed only seven years earlier. Although most people realize that the Gateway Arch stands
with the Statue of Liberty, the Golden Gate Bridge, Mt. Rushmore, and the Washington Monument as
universally recognizable forms and symbols of national identity, few are aware of the significance of the
landscape which surrounds it.
The original landscape design for the park was created by Dan Kiley, one of the country's leading
contemporary landscape architects, who worked with Architect Eero Saarinen from the beginning of the
memorial competition in 1947. Their original design was heavily wooded and asymmetrical; the Arch itself
was not on line with the Old Courthouse. Several buildings, including two museums and a restaurant
complex, were to be built on the grounds, and a long promenade called the “Historic Arcade,” complete
with a soaring concrete roof, ran along the west side of the Arch, nestled into a created hillside. Within
the Arcade a sculpture garden, museum shops, and exhibits were to be built. In addition, several elements
were required by the rules of the memorial competition, including a reconstructed French colonial village
to be built in a wooded area near Memorial Drive, a tea garden, and an amphitheater for interpretive
programs. The Gateway Arch was designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen and German-
American structural engineer Hannskarl Bandel in 1947. Construction began on February 12, 1963, and
was completed on October 28, 1965, at a total cost of US$13 million ($97,300,000 in 2014). The
monument opened to the public on June 10, 1967

31. Sources of information:
www.wikipedia.org
www.gardensbythebay.sg
www.touristspot.com
www.delhitourism.gov.in

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LISTENING
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GROUP 5