This 3-day lesson plan teaches 7th and 8th grade science students about how ice cream is frozen through chemical interactions. Students will learn that dissolving a solute in a solvent lowers the freezing point, allowing salt to melt icy roads and the freezing process to extract heat from ice cream ingredients. Students will watch a presentation on making ice cream and make ice cream in class. They will complete graphic organizers defining solution, solute, and solvent and write an essay combining the definitions. Their work will be assessed based on standards for clarifying texts through summaries.

1. Date: November 28 to November 30, 2005
Subject Matter: Chemical Interactions
Course/Grade Level: Science 7, Science 8, Physical Science
Lesson Title: How Ice Cream is Frozen
Time Period: 3 Days
.
Objectives: The students will be able to (SWBAT):
Language Arts Standards:
Indiana LA Standard (6.2.4) Clarify an understanding of texts by creating outlines,
notes, diagrams, summaries, or reports.
Example: Take notes while reading to create an outline or graphic organizer, such as a
concept map, flow chart, or diagram, of the main ideas and supporting details from what
is read. Read an informational book and summarize the main ideas.
Science Standards:
Indiana Science Standard (CP.1.4) Know and explain that physical properties can be
used to differentiate among pure substances, solutions, and heterogeneous mixtures.
Indiana Science Standard (7.3.13) Explain that many substances dissolve in water.
Understand that the presence of these substances often affects the rates of reactions
that are occurring in the water as compared to the same reactions occurring in the water
in the absence of the substances.
Indiana Science Standard (7.3.14) Explain that energy in the form of heat is almost
always one of the products of an energy transformation, such as in the examples of
exploding stars, biological growth, the operation of machines, and the motion of people.
Materials/Equipment/Technology/Resources Needed:
Computers for each student, Microsoft Word and Power Point Presentation software,
LCD projector. When making ice cream: 5lb bag of road salt, 6 bags of ice, 100 small
zip-lock bags, 50 large zip-lock bags, 50 newspapers to cover floor, 8 gallons of milk, 1
bottle of vanilla flavor, three 5lb bags of sugar, 150 styrofoam cups
Procedures for meeting objectives:
(7.3.13, 7.3.14) The freezing point of a liquid solvent decreases when a solute is
dissolved in it. Pure water, which freezes at 0°C (32°F) under normal conditions, will
freeze at somewhat lower temperatures when a solute is dissolved in it. This is the
reason why salt is often placed on icy roads: it lowers the freezing point of the water and
causes the energy transformation for ice to melt. Heat energy is absorbed from the
surrounding air to accomplish this task. The same holds true for freezing ice cream.
Heat is absorbed from everything in contact with the ice, including the milky ice cream
ingredients.

2. Run Power-Point presentation on making ice cream and actually make ice cream in
class.
(CP.1.4) Vocabulary
1. Solution
2. Solvent
3. Solute
Complete the four-squares below and write a brief essay on the vocabulary
words by combining the four-squares into complete sentences, then paragraphs.
Solution
Definition Characteristics
Examples Non-examples
? Mixture is so completely
blended that its ingredients
can’t be identified as different
substances.
Seawater (salt water), gasoline,
liquid part of blood, and sugar in
water.
Sand in water and flour
in water

3. Student Assessment Procedures:
(LA 6.2.4) The informational book students should have read was the textbook section
on Solution, Solute, and Solvent. The students will be scored on how well they
Solvent
Definition Characteristics
Examples Non-examples
? Found in greater quantity than
the solute it dissolves.
Water (most common) and
turpentine
Salt and sugar
Solute
Definition Characteristics
Examples Non-examples
? It is not possible to identify the
solute and solvent as different
substances when they form a
solution.
Salt and sugar Water and turpentine
(paint cleaner)

4. complete four-squares on the vocabulary words: solution, solute, and solvent. A brief
essay should be written from the four-squares and the essay will be scored as well.