The patient, an 8-year old boy, experienced diarrhea and abdominal pain after returning from a camping trip. Examination found a fever and bloody stool. A gram stain of the stool revealed curved gram-negative rods. Vibrio cholerae is likely responsible given the patient's exposure through drinking contaminated water while camping. Complications of diarrhea include dehydration and malnutrition. Tetracycline can be given to shorten the duration of symptoms in severe cases.

1. GROUP 2
C A L U A G , R E D M O N D
F E R N A N D E Z , K H R I S T I N E C A Y E
I N F A N T A D O , M A . K A T R I N A
L A S T I M O S A , J E S S A
G O R O S P E , S H A R M A I N E
M A N G A O A N G , A U D E Z A J E M

2. CASE 1
 An 8-year old male having diarrhea and
abdominal stress is brought to a medical
clinic by his mother. He had just returned
from a weekend camping trip with friends
where the abdominal pain began two days
before his return home. Examination of the
patient indicates he has a fever and fecal
examination presents a bloody stool. A
Gram stain reveals curved, gram-negative
rods.

3. What organism is most likely responsible for
the patient’s symptoms?
Vibrio cholerae

4. Ways the patients could have been exposed
to the organism.
 The patient went camping and he might drank water
or have eaten food contaminated with cholera
bacterium.
 He might even swim in a sea and in some cases
drunk water contaminated with cholera bacterium.

6. How food or water can become
contaminated with Vibrio cholerae
 Cholera germs are found in the feces (poop) of
infected people.
 Cholera is spread when feces (poop) from an infected
person gets into the water people drink or the food
people eat.
 Cholera is not likely to spread directly from one
person to another.

7. Feces of
infected
person
Sewage/
water
Ingestion of
seafood that has
been exposed to
feces carrying the
bacteria

8. Feces of
infected
person
Sewage/
water
Drank water
contaminated
with cholera
bacterium

9. What complications can result from
diarrhea?
1. Dehydration
 This is the most common
acute complication.

10. Malnutrition

11. In severe cases, what antibiotic could be
given to shorten the duration of the
symptoms?
 Tetracycline (Sumycin ),
 Doxycycline (Vibramycin , Oracea, Adoxa
, Atridox ,)
 Furazolidone(Furoxone )
 Erythromycin (E-Mycin , Eryc , Ery-Tab ,
PCE , Pediazole , Ilosone )
 Ciprofloxacin (Cipro , Cipro XR , Proquin XR )
 Bactrim

12. Disease:
Cholera disease causes a lot
of watery diarrhea and
vomiting.
Cholera diarrhea can look
like cloudy rice water.

13. Causes of the disease
Ingestion of contaminated water
and food  passed into the
stomach in food  accumulate
produce bacterial toxin 
affects the absorption of water in
the small intestine  symptoms of
the disease  fluid loss

15. Signs and symptoms:
 Diarrhea
 Rapid onset of water associated with stool (rice
water)
 Vomiting, frequently watery, is common and may
begin before or after diarrhea.
 Onset 2-3 days after ingestion
 Death 60% if untreated, 1% if treated for fluid loss

16. Prevention
1. Drink and use safe water
 Drink only bottled, boiled, or chemically treated
water
 To disinfect your own water: boil for 1 minute or
filter the water and add 2 drops of household
bleach or ½ an iodine tablet per liter of water.
(Chlorox )
(Zonrox )
(Chlor-floc )

17. 2. Wash your hands often with soap and safe
water.
3. Use latrines or bury your feces (poop); do
not defecate in any body of water.
4. Cook food well (especially seafood), keep it
covered, eat it hot, and peel fruits and
vegetables.
5. Clean up safely—in the kitchen and in places
where the family bathes and washes clothes

18. VACCINES
 Dukoral (manufactured by SBL Vaccines) which
is World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified
and licensed in over 60 countries,
 ShanChol (manufactured by Shantha Biotec in
India), which is licensed in India and is pending
WHO prequalification.

19. Laboratory Diagnosis
• Isolation of bacteria from extra- intestinal
environment or stool samples (culture of a
stool specimen or rectal swab.)
• Specimens are collected:
• Gram Stain show sheets of curved
Gram negative rods
 Cary Blair media is ideal for transport
 Selective thiosulfate–citrate–bile
salts agar (TCBS) is ideal for isolation and
identification.

21. Treatment
Rehydration & supportive
therapy
Doxycycline or tetracycline
***Untreated: 60% fatality
***Treated: <1% fatality