wellbeing-5th.pptx

1. CONCEPT OF WELLBEING and HEDONIC TREADMILL(hedonic adaptation) By : prepared by Associate prof. Dr Khushhal Farooqi 2023

2. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 2

3. Health is a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” What is meant by wellbeing????? 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 3 THE STATE OF FEELING HEALTHY AND HAPPY Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © • Wellbeing is often characterized by feelings of contentment ‫قناعت‬, fulfillment ‫بشپړتیا‬, and satisfaction‫رضایت‬. • It is influenced by numerous factors such as personal circumstances, relationships, lifestyle choices, and environment.

4. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 4 Well-Being Concepts How is well-being defined? While there is no single definition of well-being, most experts agree that it encompasses at least the following key components • The presence of positive emotions and moods (e.g., contentment‫رضايت‬, happiness), • The absence of negative emotions (e.g., depression, anxiety), • Satisfaction with life, • Fulfilment and positive functioning. Overall, well-being is about living a satisfying and fulfilling life, both personally and socially. Content source: National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion , Division of Population Health

5. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 5 Why is well-being useful for public health? Research across different study designs shows that well-being is linked to various factors. These may include “ 1. Self-perceived health. 2. Longevity. 3. Healthy behaviors. 4. Mental and physical illness. 5. Social connectedness. 6. Productivity. • Well-being can be used as a metric to compare the effects of different policies, such as the impact of loss of greenspace versus commercial development. • There is evidence that suggests that living near and/or maintaining regular contact with nature is beneficial for a range of health and well-being outcomes¹.

6. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 6 What are some correlates of individual-level well-being? .1 Genes and Personality : ‫په‬ ‫انفرادي‬ ‫کچه‬ ، ‫ارثی‬ ‫عوامل‬ ، ‫شخصیت‬ ، ‫او‬ ‫ډیموګرافیک‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫د‬ ‫هوساینې‬ ‫سره‬ ‫تړاو‬ ‫لري‬ (a . ‫د‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫په‬ ‫توګه‬ ، ‫مثبت‬ ‫احساسات‬ ‫تر‬ ‫یوې‬ ‫کچې‬ ‫ارثی‬ ‫دي‬ ، ‫یعنی‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫د‬ ‫احساساتو‬ ( ‫لکه‬ ‫خوښۍ‬ ‫او‬ ‫خپګان‬ ) ‫لپاره‬ ‫د‬ ‫جینیکي‬ ‫پلو‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ټاکل‬ ‫شوي‬ ‫اندازه‬ ( genetically determined set-point ) ‫شتون‬ ‫ولری‬ . • ‫په‬ ‫هرصورت‬ ، ‫دا‬ genetically determined set-point ‫چارپیريالی‬ ‫فکتورونو‬ ‫لخوا‬ ‫اغیزمن‬ ‫کیږي‬ . (b Demographic : ‫طبی‬ ‫څیړنو‬ ‫موندلې‬ ‫چې‬ well-being ‫د‬ ‫ژوند‬ ‫د‬ ‫انه‬ ‫پیښو‬ ‫سره‬ ‫حساسه‬ ‫ده‬ ( ‫د‬ ‫بیلګې‬ ‫په‬ ‫توګه‬ ، ‫بیکارۍ‬ ، ‫واده‬ ) ، (c ‫د‬ ‫شخصیت‬ ‫ځینې‬ ‫فکتورونه‬ ‫چې‬ ‫په‬ ‫کلکه‬ ‫د‬ ‫هوساینې‬ ‫سره‬ ‫تړاو‬ ‫لري‬ : ‫له‬ ‫دی‬ ‫عبارت‬ : ۱ - ‫خوشبیني‬ ( optimism ) ، ۲ - ‫بیرون‬ ‫ګرایی‬ ( extroversion ) ، ‫او‬ ۳ - ‫ځان‬ ‫ته‬ ‫درناوي‬ ( self-esteem ) ‫څخه‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫عزت‬ ‫یا‬ . Five main personality traits (OCEAN) - Openness to experience - Conscientiousness - Extraversion - Agreeableness - Neuroticism

7. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 7 What are some correlates of individual-level well-being? .2 Age and Gender ( ‫جنس‬ ‫او‬ ‫عمر‬ ) • ‫او‬ ‫عمر‬ ‫جنسیت‬ ‫د‬ ‫هم‬ ‫هوساینې‬ ‫لري‬ ‫تړاو‬ ‫سره‬ . ‫په‬ ‫عمومی‬ ،‫ډول‬ ‫د‬ ‫ښځینه‬ ‫او‬ ‫نارینه‬ ‫هوساینې‬ ‫لري‬ ‫شان‬ ‫یو‬ ‫کچه‬ ‫د‬ ‫بڼه‬ ‫دا‬ ‫مګر‬ ، ‫ع‬ ‫مر‬ ‫بدلېږي‬ ‫سره‬ ‫د‬ ‫او‬ ‫په‬ ‫وخت‬ ‫تیریدو‬ ‫بدلون‬ ‫سره‬ ‫موندلی‬ . • ‫د‬ ‫مخې‬ ‫له‬ ‫عمر‬ ‫د‬ ‫هوساینې‬ U-shaped distribution ‫لري‬ ‫شتون‬ – • The U-shaped distribution of well-being due to age refers to a phenomenon whereby wellbeing is highest in early adulthood, declines in middle age, and then improves again in later life. 3. Income and Work 4. Relationships

8. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 8 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WELLNESS AND WELLBEING Wellness and wellbeing are not the same thing. Wellbeing refers to a more holistic whole-of-life experience, whereas wellness refers just to physical health.

9. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 9 Each of these elements is important in contributing to overall wellbeing, and they are all interconnected.

10. Human wellbeing • ‫د‬ ‫عامی‬ ‫نظره‬ ‫له‬ ‫روغتیا‬ : Human wellbeing ‫په‬ ‫چې‬ ‫ده‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫هغه‬ ‫کې‬ ‫نړۍ‬ ‫ټوله‬ ‫هرڅوک‬ ‫د‬ ‫جغرافی‬ ‫ې‬ ، ‫عم‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫کلت‬ ،‫ور‬ ‫مذه‬ ‫یا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫چاپیریال‬ ‫سیاسي‬ ‫کو‬ ‫ژوند‬ ‫ښه‬ ‫د‬ ،‫پرته‬ ‫نیولو‬ ‫کې‬ ‫پام‬ ‫په‬ ‫لري‬ ‫هیله‬ ‫لو‬ . • ‫چې‬ ‫ده‬ ‫نه‬ ‫اړینه‬ Human wellbeing ‫په‬ ‫عاید‬ ‫بلکې‬ ،‫وي‬ ‫محدوده‬ ‫پورې‬ ‫دی‬ ‫احساسات‬ ‫او‬ ‫تفکر‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫یو‬ ‫د‬ ‫یي‬ ‫اړه‬ ‫په‬ ‫ژوند‬ ‫د‬ ‫چی‬ ‫لری‬ ، ‫مادي‬ ‫د‬ ‫شتمنیو‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫راضي‬ ‫وي‬ ‫او‬ ، ‫رسیدو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ته‬ ‫اهدافو‬ ‫خپلو‬ ‫دوی‬ ‫چې‬ ‫ولري‬ ‫اړیکې‬ ‫داسې‬ ‫توان‬ ‫کوی‬ ‫برخه‬ ‫په‬ ‫ور‬ . What affects human wellbeing?: Human factors that affect wellbeing include things like • Population size • Business and trade • Historical events • War and Conflict , • Social fragmentation, • Inequality , • Poverty , malnourishment as well as • Access to resources. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 10 Human well-being: concept and measurement (book) In some places, long periods of stability have allowed for great improvements in living conditions.

11. Well-being is associated with numerous health-, job-, family-, and economically-related BENEFITS. For example, higher levels of well-being are associated with: ۩ -Decreased risk of Disease, Illness, and Injury; ۩ -Better Immune Functioning; ۩ -Speedier Recovery; and ۩ -Increased longevity. • Individuals with high levels of well-being are more productive at work and are more likely to contribute to their communities. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 11

12. Approaches to measuring well-being Objective and subjective. • The objective approach examines the objective components of a good life, such as income, health, education, and living conditions². • The subjective approach, on the other hand, examines people's subjective evaluations of their lives, such as their emotions, life satisfaction, and overall happiness¹. • The Objective Components are: -Standard of living (WHO) - Level of living (UN) • The Subjective Component is “quality of life” 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 12

13. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 13 Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area. generally applied to a society or location, rather than to an individual. Standard of living There are several indices that measure standard of living. 1. One such index is the Human Development Index (HDI), which is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living. 2. Another index is Numbeo’s Quality of Life Index, which measures eight indices: 1. Purchasing power (including rent), 2. Safety, 3. Health care, 4. Cost of living, 5. Property price to income ratio, 6. Traffic commute time, 7. Pollution, and 8. Climate Mnemonic: “Please Stop Hesitating, Come Play Tennis Perfectly Calm”.

14. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 14 Classification of society into socioeconomic classes ‫نوټ‬ : ‫دا‬ ‫طبقه‬ ‫بندي‬ ‫ثابته‬ ‫نه‬ ‫ده‬ ‫او‬ ‫کیدای‬ ‫شي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیری‬ ‫فکتورونو‬ ‫لکه‬ ‫جغرافیائی‬ ‫موقعیت‬ ، ‫کلتور‬ ، ‫او‬ ‫اقتص‬ ‫ادي‬ ‫شرایطو‬ ‫پر‬ ‫بنسټ‬ ‫توپیر‬ ‫ولري‬ . ‫برسیره‬ ‫پردې‬ ، ‫په‬ ‫افراد‬ ‫کی‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫وخت‬ ‫په‬ ‫تیریدو‬ ‫سره‬ ‫د‬ ‫دوی‬ ‫په‬ ‫شرایطو‬ ‫کې‬ ‫د‬ ‫بدلونونو‬ ‫پراساس‬ ‫د‬ ‫ټولګیو‬ ‫ت‬ ‫رمنځ‬ ‫ځای‬ ‫بدلیدالی‬ ‫شی‬ .

15. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 15 Decent Living Standards (DLS) refer to a set of universal, essential, and irreducible material conditions required for achieving basic human well-being. Decent Living Standards (DLS) Key components of Decent Living Standards:

16. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 16 Quality of Life (QOL) Definition : QOL is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns". It is a broad concept that encompasses a wide range of factors that contribute to an individual's overall enjoyment of life and general well-being.

17. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 17 Conclusion • Standard of Living is regarded as important because it contributes to the quality of life of a person. • Quality of life is all about how a person feels about their life, whereas the standard of living is all about comfort, material possessions, wealth and so on.

18. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 18 HEDONIC TREADMILL (hedonic adaptation) Origins Hedonic adaption was developed in 1971. Scientists found that lottery winners were not happier than those who did not win. Also, those who could not walk were not much less happy than those who could. Newer studies show the same. For example, a 15-year-long study shows that married people in Germany were much happier after marriage, but only for a short period of time. By the second year, their happiness was the same as before they got married. These studies show that it may not be possible to increase happiness for a long period of time. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/hedonic-treadmill

19. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 19 HEDONIC TREADMILL… The hedonic treadmill is the idea that an individual's level of happiness ( emotional wellbeing), after rising or falling in response to positive or negative life events, ultimately tends to move back toward where it was prior to these experiences. One's baseline level of well-being, or "set point," is not necessarily emotionally neutral—it is likely positive for most people—and it is not the same for everyone. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/hedonic-treadmill A person may also have different baselines for different aspects of well-being (overall life satisfaction versus the amount of positive emotions experienced, for example). The process by which positive or negative effects on happiness fade over time is called hedonic adaptation .

20. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 20 The hedonic treadmill can be a double-edged sword, offering protection from the impact of harmful environments while constraining potential gains in happiness over the long term. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/hedonic-treadmill • such that eventually, their level of happiness returns back to where it started, or at least closer to the baseline than immediately after the event. • Scientists thought that happiness returns to a neutral point: where a person is not happy nor sad. However, new studies show that most people are happy most of the time. • Most studies show that people usually adapt to good events quickly and completely. Their happiness returns to exactly where it was before the event soon after the it happens. However, some strong or long-lasting bad events, such as losing a job or partner, result in less adaptation. Happiness may not completely return to its point before the event. In some situations, it may decrease. HEDONIC TREADMILL…

21. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 21 https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/hedonic-treadmill Treadmill effect Good events make people happy in the moment. But not for long. People look for other things to stay happy. People get used to them too. This treadmill effect means that the more a person gets, the more they want. This makes staying happy hard. HEDONIC TREADMILL…

22. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 22 HEDONIC TREADMILL

23. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 23 POSSIBLE METHODS TO GET OFF THE TREADMILL Do-it-yourself (DIY) happiness, or rely on others? As long as the job(s) gets done then either approach is fine but if you are looking to increase your happiness, wellbeing and life-satisfaction unfortunately, your only option is to do-it-yourself! Develop your Gratitude habit. • Happiness in the past If you look backwards to find happy memories and experiences, you may be cheating yourself out of the happiness you could be appreciating NOW! • Happiness in the Future If you look forward and anticipate happy memories and experiences in the future, you may be cheating yourself out of the happiness you could be appreciating NOW! • Happiness from others Whilst it is natural to enjoy these things, if you are reliant upon them for your happiness you may be cheating yourself out of the happiness you could be appreciating NOW!

24. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 24 POSSIBLE METHODS TO GET OFF THE TREADMILL… Gratitude … • Happiness as a goal If you believe that happiness is something that can be captured and kept at a constant level for long periods of time you may be cheating yourself out of the happiness you could be appreciating NOW! Set meaningful goals. • Happiness NOW! When you understand the biological and neurological elements of positive emotions you will understand how to optimize your experience of them and understand why happiness can only ever be felt NOW! o Happiness DIY expert o Put more effort in your relationships. • Happiness in the real world It’s neither appropriate or realistic to feel happy all the time and some people will always face more challenges than others. o Develop a more optimistic nature

25. 1/6/2023 MPH Kandahar University 25

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