By Rhuturaj lad and Kiran ureshrao Gajare

1. •Kiran Sureshrao Gajare
•Rhuturaj Dinkar Lad.
Vytautas Magnus University,Faculty of
Natural Science,veilkos g,8.
Pharmacist.kiran@rediffmail.com
rhuturajlad@gmail.com

2. CONTENT:
INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY OF DATA STORAGE DEVICES
PROBLEMS WITH DATA STORAGE DEVICES AT PRESENT
HOW TO OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS WITH DNA
HOW TO USE DNA AS DATA STORAGE DEVICE
EXPERIMENT CONDUCTED BY GOLDMAN &GROUP
 HOW TO IDENTIFY DATA
 CHALLENGES RELATED TO DNA
MODIFICATION
CONCLUSION

3. As we are living in modern era digital universe (total digital data
worldwide) is forecast to grow over 18 zeta bytes in 2018.
Every day we produce about 25billion GB digital data and this
exponential growth rate easily exceeds our ability to store it.
A significant fraction of this whole data is in archival .for example
facebook recently built an entire data centre dedicated to 1 Exabyte
cold storage and this type of facilities takes big spaces, electricity and
maintains environmental conditions but what if we hack our natural
data storage device to store all this data?

4. DNA is very dense it contains information about
thousands of proteins and it will survive for minimum
500 years in extreme conditions also if clean and dry
conditions maintain we can keep it safe for thousands
of years.
For example we extracted DNA of wooly mammoth
which was extinct 10000years ago.
Its DNA is s found on the basis of that we get
information about this animal his evolution and other
things.

5.  Humans started storing data digitally from 1928 first with the
help of magnetic tapes then magnetic drums then use
different devices.
 In1963, cassette tape is discovered which has magnetic film
and have capacity of 1.32MB storage space.
 In 1975 floppy disks are discovered initially they can store
1.44mb data after some modification in several years its
better versions like zip drive could store up to 120MB data.
 In 1980’s Compaq disk is came in the market it has data
storage capacity up to 700 MB.

6.  In 1995 Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)came in market with
capacity of 4.7 GB.
 In 2003 blue ray came in market with storage capacity up to
50GB capacity.
 Meanwhile flash drive and hard disk drive are also discovered
and with different modern technologies people are upgrading
its capacity day by day currently flash drive can store up to
512 GB data whereas hard disk drive has capacity of 1 TB
data.

7. Recently in 2016 few nanotechnologist researched new
technology to store data known as liquid data drive they find
the cluster of nano particle which can store up to 1terabyte
data in 1 tablespoon of liquid.

8. • Capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up this is
the major problem people around the world creating big
warehouses to store information this facilities require
large quantity electricity, plenty of space and regular
maintenance .
•The second problem is durability in hard disks the rotating
magnetic discs are used they are working not more than 3-5
years and in case of magnetic tape they also have life of 10-
30 years after that they are not work properly they may
corrupt all the information.

10. BENEFITS OF DNA DATA STORAGE DEVICE OVER THESE
DEVICES:
•Storing digital data on DNA holds tremendous potential
because it overcomes all the shortcomings of current
data storage science .
•It will contains all genetic information related to life
and it is the oldest natural data storage device in the
world it has all the information of every animal from its
origin to evolution .

11. DNA contains information about thousands of different enzymes
with the sequences of nucleotides ATGC we use different algorithms
to convert binary information into sequence of nucleotides.
If it is successfully done we can store 1 Exabyte of data in 1mm DNA
it is a very compact storage system 1 gm of DNA can store up to 215
pent bytes of data 1 test tube can store data equal to 1 million CD
ROM’s if scientist succeed in using DNA successfully whole digital
data worldwide on the internet which is about 15 zetabyte can store
in space less than a SUV car.

12. •DNA data storage don’t need energy source so it’s not susceptible to
data loss in the event of power loss.
•It is long lasting as long as medium is kept in relative stable state, it can
last thousands years without degradation half-life of DNA in unfavorable
conditions also is more than 500 years.
•DNA data storage doesn’t get corrupted by different bugs and malware
as regular data storing devices.
•It does not degrade with exposure to magnetic fields or to extreme
temperatures
We can store our whole history of mankind, literature, art, knowledge
safely with the help of DNA for future generations without losing any
data.

13. The DNA storage system consist of DNA synthesizer that
encodes the data to be stored in DNA ,a storage
container with compartments that store pools of DNA
and DNA sequence that reads DNA sequences and
convert them back into digital data.

16. The process is very costly the cost related to sequence
the DNA is much higher.
The recovery speed of data is very slow.
On these both points scientists are finding the way out .
DNA synthesis and sequencing both technologies are
improving at an exponential rate with advances in
biotechnology industry and one day the major challenges
may solve.

17.  Ray Kurzwell Director Of Engineering at Google claims that
mankind will soon be able to upload their mind to a
computer Professor Stephen Hawking also thinks it will be
possible to upload our minds saying the brain is like “a
program in the mind, which is like a computer”, so it was
“theoretically possible to copy the brain onto a computer
the scientist claims that the storage capacity of human brain
is approximately 2.5 pet bytes and what other suitable
device in the world is better than DNA to store this much
information with that durability and longer time

18. If scientist will be successful to do mind uploading to computer and to
DNA it is possible to store the minds of intelligent scientists for future
generations without any danger of loss of information for thousands of
years.
Mankind also use this technology to cure Alzheimer’s disease by
storing the memories of people who has family history of Alzheimer’s
disease as a precaution.

19. CONCLUSION
The longer you want to store information then the more attractive
DNA becomes and the cost of sequencing and synthesizing DNA is
falling fast we will see DNA is replacing silicon in next few years and
we can see this technology in sweet spot .
Biotechnology has benefitted tremendously from progress in silicon
technology developed by computer industry now it’s the time for the
computer industry to borrow back from the biotechnology industry
to advance the state of art in computer system.
Natural selection and evolution have used DNA to store and read out
to make our bodies and now we are using DNA to store and archive
the product of brains.