1. By
Throttle Energy Inc.

2. Vision Statement
Provide solution to Electricity needs in Africa and
monetize Flared Natural Gas.
The solution utilizes Patented Virtual Pipeline Technology
(VPT) that will provide cost effective Clean Natural Gas (CNG)
which will be used to Power Modular Power Plants and provide
the cheapest delivered energy (power, heat, fuel) solution
(compared to Petrol, Diesel, LNG) to end users.
2

3. Proposal
Utilize currently Flared gas and Gas from existing gas
facilities (for example NGC) to generate Electricity using
a combination of modular clean gas processing facility
and Modular Power Plant.
This proposal includes Gas Gathering, Processing, Storage, Transportation and
Distribution to end users in pipeline disconnected places including existing and
modular Power Plants (proposed as a full package), Airport, Hospitals,
manufacturing industries, state and federal offices, homes in the community
and other power demanding establishments, etc.
3

4. 4
Well Head Gas
Capture and
Processing

5. Flare Gas Capture and Processing
5
TEI Flare Capture solution entails capturing the entire flare stream and
delivering it for centralized processing resulting in a solution that:
Eliminates the greatest amount of flare of any competitive offering,
Captures the highest % of NGLs of any competitive offering
Monetizes the residue gas stream rather than flaring it.
Currently - Flaring TEI Technology

6. Gas Conditioning – Monetizing By-Product
 Process all flare capture without flaring condensates and
other by-products of Associated Gas
 Propane/butane mix is extracted from gas stream into sales
condition for the local/regional market
 Condensate stream (C5+) can be blended with Crude for
sales and monetization or as gasoline blendstock
6

7. Solid Gas Separation Plant Technology
7
Technical Advantages
 Higher gas quality
 Reduced C2+ content
 Only solution that can greatly reduce ethane
content in fuel gas, up to 95%
 Enables liquid NGL recovery (2x vs J-T
Economic Advantages
 Lower monthly costs
 Process works at 35psig, low compression
 Higher diesel replacement due to clean gas
 Enables use of high efficiency power generators that
require clean gas (>80% methane) to operate
 Less maintenance of equipment required

8. Gas
Transportation - VPT
8

9. Results of Patented Technology
Existing/Conventional Filling
ending temperature >180F 65% full
Patented Chill Fill* Technology Applied to CNG Trailers
ending temperature @ 59F 100% full
9

10. TEI compared to Existing Technology
>200% Capacity growth due to
materials innovations
- Cost dynamics improving due to
carbon fiber economics
220mscf (II)
165mscf (I)
550mscf+ (IV) - 2015
CNG Requires Fast Trailer Turnaround
CNG transportation capacity
Increased due to changes in materials
For transportation equipment
CNG transportation is more cost
effective
Existing in
Nigeria

11. CNG Applications in the Field
11

12. Key Cost Elements of VPT
 Pressure at Source of Gas
 Determinant of cost of compression
 Distance of gas source to End User
 Determines how much transportation is needed
 Transportation is biggest project cost
12

13. Advantages of VPT
 Higher efficiency
 Very attractive Economics
 Less initial Capex compared to competing Technology
 Can be <10% of an LNG project
 Compression is very cheap
 Less distance makes project more attractive
 Quickly achievable
 Typical project is in operation in less than a year
 Less commissioning and specialized expertise needed for
ongoing plant operations
13

14. Distributed versus Centralized Power Generation
 Distributed generation is much cheaper (in some cases 50%
cheaper) than centralized generation
 Cost per KW generated is much cheaper
 Modular construction (1.5MW in a fully packaged ISO 40’ container)
 Enables CHP (Combined Heat and Power) with efficiencies >70% @ 1.5MW
Centralized station combined cycle turbines <60% @ 500MW scale
 Complexity in Distributed generation is much less
 No need to plan transmission lines and guard against electricity line theft
 Distributed generation is built faster than centralized generation
 Faster return on investment
 Modular construction delivers energy where needed most, with fast install
 1.5MW will power about 1,500 homes in a rural area
 Less in Urban homes with Air conditioning and other high power homes
 Less interruption
 Station interruption doesn’t mean complete outage in the city
 Much easier maintenance
14

15. Gas Storage
15

16. Gas Storage System Example
Storage Assembly Spec
- Footprint 105’ (W) x 105’ (L) x 50’ (H)
- Can be expanded by 7.5MMSCF modules
- Individual storage units are in ISO containers
- Can be transformed to chassis/wheeled units
- Vessels inside are designed with corrosion-
proof composites + stainless steel
16

17. VPT Storage System Advantages
- Operability
• Service/part replacement – No cryogenic/special parts in the system
• Refilling of storage can be achieved immediately from excess pipeline pressure
- Lower operating expense (OPEX)
• CNG storage consumes <0.5% of the energy input as compared to other fuel gas
technologies like LNG (>15%)
- Lower initial Investment (CAPEX)
• Especially in cases <65MMSCF,
• Substantially lower than other fuel gas - CAPEX of the compression plant is
<10% of an equivalent LNG liquefier
- High degree of safety in proximity
• Requires <50’ to other fuels and locations - LNG requires >150’ sometimes
>200’ in extreme cases to prevent pool fire and thermal radiation

18. VPT Storage System Advantages
- Redeployment of equipment possible
• Can be deployed in remote locations with very high reliability
• Enables later extension of the System via VPT
• CNG can be constructed modularly
• Building blocks of 7.5mmscf possible
- Better uptime
• Simple compression system
• Fuel storage is stable (no boiloff) means fuel is always ready to consume
- Faster construction time
• End to end (engineering, manufacture, and build) can be achieved in <9mths
- Compared to LNG/Pipeline with 3+yrs, assuming no construction delays and
upfront engineering and financing are fully secured

19. Power Generation

20. Modular 1.5MW Power Generation Unit

21. Site Installation – Plug and Play
Site installation example – Power generation can start within 24 hours of arrival
One Power Plant – 1.5MW Capacity Multiple Power Plants installed
Simple secured fuel connectionFinal Installation – 7.5MW Total Capacity
1 2
3 4

22. Advantages of Modular Unit
 Reliable Source of Power – engines can be repaired locally
 Cheaper than current Power generating Plants and IPPs
 Distributed Power generation is made possible
 Durable – Can be utilized in remote locations
 Quick mobility – Can be moved from place to place
 Quick installation – Can start generating power quickly
 Quick commissioning – < 24 hours of commissioning
 Continuous power for base load
 Peak shaving and stand-by operation
 Power generation and cogeneration (steam and hot water)
 Scalable - Can be combined to generate higher power
 Higher Efficiency than central plants when using CHP

23. Comparism to
Existing
Technologies
23

24. Pipeline versus VPT
24
Assumptions
• Cost of Pipeline (todays cost) = ~$1.5M/km
• VPT cost of project at 200km delivery point – Economics
actually better at <200km distance (gas source to end user)
• Volume of gas delivered per project is 40MMSCF/D
• Cost Price of gas calculated at $3 for both projects
• Comparism done for 25km, 100km and200km Pipeline
• Operating cost for pipeline assumed to be 5%

25. Return on Investment on Pipeline vs VPT for Gas Delivery
25
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
25KM Pipeline 100KM Pipeline 200KM Pipeline VPT
Year 1 ROI in USD at 40MMSCF/D gas delivery

26. Cost of Gas Per
1MCF
$3
Cost of Diesel per
Gallon
$4
1 gal = 4 litres. 1
litre = $1
Power Plant
Capacity (MW)
Gas Requirement
(MMSCF/D)
Cost of Gas ($)
Diesel
Required
(Gallon/D)
Diesel Cost
5 1 $3,000 7,367 $29,468
10 2 $6,000 14,734 $58,936
50 10 $40,000 73,670 $294,680
100 20 $60,000 147,340 $589,360
200 40 $120,000 294,680 $1,178,720
CONVERSION UNITS
1 gal 134CF
1000 gal of diesel 139MMBTU
1SCF of gas 1,025BTU
1MCF 7.4 Gal of diesel
1 gal of diesel 138,690 BTU
1MW 3,412,000BTU
Distance (KM)
Typical Cost of
Pipeline($M)
20 30
100 150
200 300
300 450
Power Generation – Gas versus Diesel

27. Fuel cost graph – Gas versus Diesel
27
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
$1,400,000
5MW 10MW 50MW 100MW 200MW
Diesel ($)
Cost of Gas ($)
Design Plant Capacity (MW)
Fuel
Cost
($)

28. Conclusion

29. Future Outlook
 Flared Gas processed and supplied to Power Plants for Electricity supply.
 Health hazards from gas flare pollution will be greatly reduced.
 Technology ensures the realization of Government’s intention to increase the
national electricity generation and enhance economic activities.
 Technology helps meet Power requirements in the country - Prepare country for
future investment
 Make Africa more attractive to major investors in the world Market
 Income generation - Take for instance, if 6MMscf/d of gas flared in an oil field
gathered and utilized. This will yield additional yearly revenue of $5.4 M (Five
Million Four Hundred thousand US dollars) at gas price of $2.5 per 1Mscf
 Monetizing high GOR wells - Instead of closing in high Gas-Oil-Ratio wells,
Produced Hydrocarbon gas and stranded gas can easily be transferred to power
plants to supply needed electricity
29

30.  Volume of gas Transportable - Flexible Transportation medium helps break the
barrier of volume restriction. We can now transport higher volumes of clean
processed Natural gas over longer distances (either by barges/rail)
 Efficiency - Provides higher efficiency of about 35% than other competing
providers in the market with the use of the Patented ChillFill technology
 Flexibility – Can serve multiple users using the Cascade Delivery Technology
also patented. Minimal changes needed to existing Power generating plants to
convert to Dual Fuel. Plant retain Diesel capabilities as a back up
 Scalability - This technology is completely scalable. We design to the need of
users. Technology can process NGL Streams to produce LPG also
Advantages of VPT over other Providers

31. Summary
THROTTLE ENERGY:
 Shall assist the Nigerian Government enhance available power output
from their current and future IPP projects
 Supply and maintain steady gas from gas fields to Power Plants over a
period agreed to by the Nigerian government.
 Build gas storage for contingency supply for power Plants
 Reduce cost of laying pipelines and other Oil and Gas Infrastructure
 Guarantees start of operations within 12 months from procuring all
approvals and consents required for the Project.
 To capture flare gas and monetize it by direct supply to local and remote
consumers, for electricity and other uses
 Extend similar projects to supply electricity to neighboring countries
 Prepare Africa for future investment and make Africa more attractive for
major investments
31

32. Current Operating Sites

33. High Capacity Compression Stations in Texas

34. Business Target in Africa
 Generate Power using Modular Power Plants
 Mobile unit - Power Plant can be moved from one place to another
 Scalable - Cogeneration is possible (for instance, we can build from
1.5MW to 200MW)
 Fuel - Can be built to pull from Gas storage facilities as back-up
 Localized Power generation is made possible with this solution
 Faster return on investment on Gas to Power projects
 Significantly cheaper initial capital investment
 Equipment fabrication, delivery and commissioning is less than 1
year
 Significant savings in operating cost (40-70%)
34

35. Business Target in Africa
 Stop Gas Flaring in Africa
 Provide Gas storage for remote locations and Users
 Capture Produced Hydrocarbon gas
 Monetize Flared gas for producers
 Efficient and flexible Logistics
 Mobile unit Gas Compression and Power Plant combination
 Lowest delivery fuel cost to end users
 Deliver Natural Gas to end users at requested conditions
 Storage capacity provides uninterrupted supply of Gas to produce
power
35

36. Throttle Energy Inc.
Houston, TX 77095
Email: info@throttleenergy.com
Phone: +1.832.643.5111, +1.832.298.8400, +1.281.415.1238 (USA)
+234.809.037.9222, +234.816.668.1997, +234.809.037.2222 (Nigeria)
www.throttleenergy.com