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2. ⚫Agriculture is the backbone of most developing countries, with
more than 60% of the population reliant on it for their livelihood.
⚫Source of Livelihood
⚫Contribution to National revenue
⚫Supply of Food as well as Fodder
⚫Significance to the International Trade
⚫Marketable Surplus
⚫Foreign Exchange Resources
⚫Great Employment Opportunities
⚫Economic Development

3. CHALLENGES
⚫healthy, safe food;
⚫increasing risk of disease;
⚫threats toagricultural production
from changing weatherpatterns.
⚫bioeconomy

4. ⚫Nano Carbon
⚫Nano Silver
⚫Silicon
⚫Nano-sized SilicaSilver
⚫Nano Alumino-Silicate

5. ⚫thermal conductors,
⚫these nanotubesalso host uniqueelectrical properties
⚫surprisinglystrong.
⚫these CNTscould notonly penetrate into the hard coat
of germinating seeds but also exerted growth
enhancing effect.
⚫using CNT asvehicle todeliverdesired molecules into
the seeds during germination that can protect them
from thediseases.
⚫itwill not haveany toxicor inhibiting or adverse
effecton the plant.

6. Nanosilver is the moststudied and utilized nano particle for bio-system. It has
long been known to have
⚫ strong inhibitoryand bactericidal effects
⚫ a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities.
⚫ high surfaceareaand high fraction of surface atoms,
⚫ have highantimicrobial effect
⚫ moreadhesive on bacteriaand fungus, henceare better fungicide
⚫ studied the antifungal effectiveness of colloidal nano silver (1.5 nm average
diameter) solution, against rose powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca
pannosaVarrosae. It is avery wide spread and common diseaseof both green
houseand outdoor grown roses.
⚫ Doublecapsulized nanosilver for this disease
⚫ sprayed at largeareaof 3306 m2 polluted by rose powdery mildew.
⚫ Twodaysafter thespray more than 95% of rosepowdery mildew faded out
⚫ It eliminates unwanted microorganisms in planter soils and hydroponics
systems. It is being used as foliar spray to stop fungi, moulds, rot and several
otherplantdiseases. Moreover, silver is an excellent plant-growth stimulator.

7. ⚫Silicon (Si) is known to be absorbed into plants to
increase disease resistanceand stress resistance
⚫Aqueous silicate solution (, it promotes the
physiological activityand growthof plantsand induces
diseaseand stress resistance in plants )
⚫Porous hollowsilica nanoparticles (PHSNs) loaded
withvalidamycin

8. ⚫A newcompositionof nano-sized SilicaSilver for
control of variousplantdiseases
⚫consisted of nano-silvercombined with silica
moleculesand watersolublepolymer,
⚫prepared byexposing asolution including silver
salt, silicateand watersoluble polymerto
radioactiverays.
⚫ Itshowed antifungal activityand controlled
powdery mildewsof pumpkinat 0.3 ppm in both
field and greenhouse tests.

9. ⚫Pythium ultimum, Magnaporthegrisea, Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinere and, Rhyzoctonia
solani, showed 100% growth inhibition at 10 ppm of the
nanosized silica-silver.
⚫Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chrococum, Rhizobium
tropici, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas
compestris PV
. Vesicatoria showed 100% growth inhibition
at 100 ppm.
⚫Disadvantage
⚫They have also reported chemical injuriescaused by a
higher concentration of nanosized silica-silver on
cucumberand pansy plant, when theywere sprayed with a
highconcentration of 3200

10. ⚫ Alumino-Silicate nanotubes sprayed on plant surfaces are easily picked
up in insect hairs. Insects actively groom and consume pesticide-filled
nanotubes.
⚫ biologically moreactiveand relatively moreenvironmentally-safe
pesticides.
⚫ Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticlescan deliver DNA and chemicals into
Plants thus, creating a powerful new tool for targeted delivery into
plantcells.
⚫ developed porous, silica nanoparticles systems
⚫ spherical in shape
⚫ arrays of independent porouschannels. Thechannels forma
honeycomb-like structure
⚫ unique "capping" strategy
⚫ Plantcells haverigid cell wall. Hence topenetrate it they had to modify
thesurfaceof the particlewithachemical coating.
⚫ It has been successfully used to introduce DNA and chemicals in to
Arabidopsis, tobaccoand corn plants.

11. ⚫ different kind of nanoparticles
⚫ silver nanoparticles (SNP), aluminium oxide (ANP), zinc oxide and titanium
dioxide in the control of rice weevil and grasserie disease in silkworm (Bombyx
mori) caused by Sitophilus oryzae and baculovirus BmNPV (B. mori nuclear
polyhedrosis virus), respectively.
⚫ performed bioassay, in which prepared solid and liquid formulations of the
above-mentioned nanoparticles; later, applied these formulations on rice and
kept in a plastic box with 20 adultsof S. oryzae and observed the effects for 7 days.
Itwas reported that hydrophilic SNP was mosteffectiveon the first day. On day
2, more than 90 % mortality was obtained with SNP and ANP. After 7 days of
exposure, 95 and 86 % mortality were reported with hydrophilic and hydrophobic
SNP and nearly 70 % of the insects were killed when the rice was treated with
lipophilic SNP. However, 100 % mortality was observed in case of ANP.
Similarly, in another bioassay carried for grasserie disease in silkworm (B.
mori), a significant decrease in viral load was reported when leavesof B.
⚫ mori were treated with ethanolic suspension of hydrophobic alumino-silicate
nanoparticles.
⚫ . Copper nanoparticles in soda limeglass powder showed efficient antimicrobial
activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi

12. PRECISIONFARMING
⚫Precision farming has been a long-desired goal to
maximize output (i.e. cropyields) while minimizing
input (i.e. fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc.)
through monitoring environmental variables and
applying targeted action.
⚫help toreduceagricultural wasteand thus keep
environmental pollution minimum
⚫enhanced productivityin agriculture
⚫Very lesschanceof pathogensattack

13. ⚫From harvesting the cotton to finalizing the fabric it’s
made into, over 25% of the cotton fiber is lost to scrap
orwaste
⚫used this technique of electro spinning to spin
nanofibers from cellulose ((C6H10O5)n ), a complex
carbohydratecomposed of glucoseunits that makes up
90% of thecotton material

15. NANOSENSORS :
⚫For the herbicidesdetection bychecking theoxygen level in
soil.
NANOSCALES HERBICIDES :
⚫Using nanoparticles toattack the seed coating of theweeds
theregermination could be stop.
SUSTAINABLE WATERING OF CROPS:
⚫In farm areas more than 50% water loss occur.
⚫Highevaporation ratedecreases thesoil fertility
⚫Mineral zeolites used to preventwater loss.

17. ⚫Thealfalfa plantsweregrown in an artificial, gold-rich
"soil" at the University of Texas-El Paso. Plants
typically use their roots to extract nutrients and even
heavy metals from the soil.
⚫electron microscopy
⚫X-rayabsorption spectroscopy
⚫they may beable toextract thegold nanoparticles
from the plants bycentrifuge.