1. carlo vezzoli politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy Learning Network on Sustainability Cape Penisula University of Technology Cape Town / South Africa / 9.2009 DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY: AN INTRODUCTION Carlo Vezzoli Cape Penisula University of Technology / Cape Town / South Africa

2. CONTENTS 1. Sustainable development 2. Increasing role of design (for sustainability) 3. Product Life Cycle Design (Ecodesign) 4. System design for eco-efficiency 5. (system) design for social equity and cohesion

3. 1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A SOCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT that takes place within the limits set by the “nature” and meets the needs of the present without compromising those of the future generation within a world-wide equitable distribution of resources 1987, UN “our common future”; 1992 UN conf. Rio; 2002 UN conf. Johannesburg; 2006 UE Sustainable Development Strategy

4. IN 50 YEARS A WORLD-WIDE EQUITABLE SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION AND CONSU M PTION SHOULD USE ~ 90% LESS RESOURCES THAN THE INDUSTRIALISED CONTEXTS ARE DOING TODAY SUSTAINABILITY: THE DIMENSION OF CHANGE

5. SUSTAINABILITY: THE QUALITY OF CHANGE PROMOTE (EVEN) SYSTEM INNOVATIONS RADICAL CHANGE (“DISCONTINUITY”) DIFFUSED INNOVATION PROMOTE PLAUSIBLE AND “ATTRACTIVE” (SYSTEM) INNOVATIONS

6. interven ing after processes ’ damages interven ing on processes interven ing on products and services interven ing c onsumption patterns 2. APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABILITY INCREASING ROLE FOR DESIGN TIME - +

7. WHAT DO WE KNOW AND MEAN TODAY BY DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY?

8. DESIGN WITH LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT? cardboard seat

9. Savonarola seat walnut-wood, so far 500 years life span MADE WITHOUT ANY CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, BUT …

10. = …………………………………………………………… ........ time + + + + + + + … + + + + + + + …

11. Chadwick , Stumpf Aeron, Herman Miller seat steel and plastics, 12 years warranty even in use commodatum DESIGNED TODAY WITH A RIGHT CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

12. pen, biodegradable material DESIGN WITH LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT?

13. Pen, MONTBLANC DESIGNED WITHOUT ANY CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, BUT …

14. = …………………………………………………………… ....... time + + + + + + + … + + + + + + + …

15. “ Natural” materials Always with a low envoronmental impact? Asbestos is a natural material!

16. “ artificial” materials always with a high environmental impact? means of transportation: fiber reinforced polimer has a low environmental impact (‘cause of its lighteness reduce fuel consumption)

17. DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY: IS A DESIGN PRACTICE, EDUCATION AND RESEARCH THAT, IN ONE WAY OR ANOTHER, CONTRIBUTES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

18. low impact mat./energies design for social equity and cohesion system design for eco-efficiency Product Life Cycle Design ecodesign SUSTAINABILITY IN DESIGN : EVOLUTION (EUROPE) widening the “object” to be designed

21. LIFE CYCLE APPROACH use service manufac . assemb . finish collection resource’s achieving mater. energy produc. package trasp. storage USE PRODUCTION DISPOSING PREPRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION landfill incineration composting recycling reuse comp. reuse remanufactoring biosphere geosphere other product’s life cycle

22. an extended design horizon from product design to the design of the product life cycle stages the design “reference” from product design to product’s “ function ” design PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: APPROACH

24. an extended design horizon from product design to the design of the product life cycle stages the design “reference” from product design to product’s “ function ” design the design “objective” minimise the environmental impact of the whole of the phases in relation to the functional unit PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: APPROACH

26. e.g. LCA upholstered seat (8 years life span) PRE-PROD. PRODUCTION DISTRIBUT . USE DISPOSAL

29. Ikea Air sofa, Ikea EX. MATERIALS CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION

30. gardening product, celafror EX. MATERIALS CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION

31. FRIA, refrigerator, Tishner EX. ENERGIES CONSUMPTION MINIMISATION

32. rags for cleaning in micro-fiber (no need for detergent) EX. TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS MINIMISATION

33. Solar shuttle, Kopf Umwelt EX. RESOURCES BIO-COMPATIBILITY IMPROVEMENT

34. gardening vase in mater-B bio-deg. polimer, Novamont EX. RESOURCES BIO-COMPATIBILITY IMPROVEMENT

35. CARE, changing top>kids table, writing desk, Stokke EX. PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION

36. water bottle for easy recycling, EVIAN EX. MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

37. FARE, car recycling system, FIAT EX. MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION

38. Mirra seat, Herman Miller EX. DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

39. sahape memory polimer (SMP) screws, Brunel University (GB) EX. DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

40. there are several the methods/tools for product design orientation towards low environmental impact solutions METHODS AND TOOLS FOR PRODUCT LCD

41. MPDS : M ethod for P roduct D esign for E nvironmental S ustainability (developed and adopted by DIS-Polimi) FREE TO CONSLUT AT WWW.LENS.POLIMI.IT (ITALIAN) (brief) product strategies product concept product design ingegner. PRODUCT DESIGN PHASES processes /tools to orientate processes /tools envirnomental assesm. LCA on reference product for design: es. SIMAPRO sustainability-focused ideas generation: tavole eco-idee (ICS) abrdiged LCA check: es. SIMAPRO qualitative check: cecklist (ICS) check of sustainability design priorities: sch. IPSA/radar (ICS) environmental design priorities identification: sch. IPSA/radar (ICS) most promising concept selection low environmental impact processes selection: tools to orientate specific environmental issues es. idemat abrdiged LCA on potential impact reduction: es. SIMAPRO qualitative check: cecklist (ICS) LCA of comparisonfor environmental quality communication: es. SIMAPRO

42. … SOME OF THE ICS TOOLS OF MPDS TOOLS… free download at www.sdo-lens.polimi.it Multicriteria Radar_ICS toolkit Eco-idea tables_ICS toolkit Idea 3 Idea 1 Idea 2 Checklist (guidelies related)_ICS toolkit

44. A DEFINITION OF (PRODUCT-SERVICE) SYSTEM INNOVATION “ the result of an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing and selling physical products only, to designing and selling a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands (satisfactions).” “ system innovation can lead, throughout innovative stakeholders’ interactions , to system eco-efficiency.” free pdf at: http://www.unep.fr/scp/publications/details.asp?id=WEB/0081/PA

50. … introducing eco-efficient PSS innovation in design ... REQUIRES NEW DESIGN DEFINITION, APPROACHES, SKILLS, METHOD/TOOLS

55. STAKEHOLDERS’ INTERACTIONS DESIGN

57. SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY CRITERIA . system life optimisation . transportation/distribution reduction . resources reduction . waste minimisation/valorisation . conservation/biocompatibility . toxic reduction [DEVELOPED WITHIN MEPSS EU FUNDED PROJECT WITH A RELATED SET OF GUIDELINES ]

59. there are few methods/tools for product design orientation towards low environmental impact solutions METHODS AND TOOLS FOR PRODUCT LCD

60. SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ECO-EFFICIENCY: METHODS AND TOOLS EU RESEARCHES WITH METHOD/TOOLS OUTCOMES: van Halen, Vezzoli & Wimmer, Methodology for product service system innovation, Van Gorcum, Assen, The Netherlands, 2005 MEPSS Manzini, Collina & Evans, Highly Customerised Solutions, Cranfield University, 2006 HiCS MSDS : M ethod for S ystem D esign for S ustailability adopted by Polimi-dis: company consulting + teaching

61. MSDS : M ethod for S ystem D esign for S ustailability FREE TO CONSLUT AT WWW.LENS.POLIMI.IT

62. … SOME MSDS TOOLS… FREE ON WWW.LENS. POLIMI.IT www.sdo-lens.polimi.it Sustainability system Design-Orienting (SDO) toolkit Stakeholder System Map Interaction story board

63. 4. (SYSTEM) DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION where various forms of social equities and cohesions are directly addressed in the design process

64. A REMARK: a promising economic model to couple environmental and socio-ethical sustainability DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES: “ selective share of production distributed to regions where activities are organized in the form of small scale, flexible units that are synergistically connected with each other ” [IIIEE, SWEEDEN, 2006]

66. group of 40 persons organised to a collective purchase and debating on consumption : . p reference for local, season / biological produces . p reference for small local producer / social coop . . d irect contact with suppliers + production site . c ost reduction duet to de-intermediation an other example of Distributed Economies (not energy related) SOLIDARITY PURCHASING GROUPS (GAS)

68. > DISTRIBUTED ECONOMIES ARE IN FACT PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM INNOVATION WHICH ARE COMMUNITY-BASED AND COUPLING ECO-EFFICIENCY WITH SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS: THERE IS A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR THE DESIGN IN SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION, WHEN AND IF, PSS INNOVATION ARE LACALLY-BASED AND NETWORK STRUCTURED

70. POLIMI DIS CO-PROMOTED SOME RESEARCH/PROJECTS ON EE PSS DESIGN POTENTIALS FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION

71. workshop 1 (1.2006) ITCP-USP, Sao Paolo method/tool development DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY TOOLS/METHODS FOR SOCIAL INCUBATOR Incubadora Tecnológica de Cooperativas Populares ITCP NETWORK University of Sao Paolo Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba Politecnico di Milano - DIS workshop 2 (8.2006) ITCP-UFPR, Curitiba

73. SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION CRITERIA . improve employment/working conditions . increase equity and justice in relation to stakeholders . enable a responsible/sustainable consumption . favor/integrate the weak and marginalized . improve social cohesion . empower/enhance local resources [DEVELOPED BASED ON EXPERIENCES MATURED IN UNIDO, ITCP AND INFORMAL LENS (2003 IIT) AND INTEGRATED INTO THE SDO TOOLKIT AND THE MSDS METHOD]

74. SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN-ORIENTING (SDO)/IDEA TABLE the 6 environmental criteria ... a set of stakeholders'’ interactions promising guidelines (criteria-related) type stakeholders’ interactions idea for each criteria …