Pharmacology spotters

1. I) NAME AN ALKALOID OBTAINED
FROM THIS PLANT.
colchicine
II) GIVE THE MOST IMPORTANT
INDICATION FOR ITS USE.
acute gout

2. NOTE THE CUPPING OF THE OPTIC DISC- AN
EARLY GLAUCOMATOUS CHANGE
I) NAME ONE TOPICALLY INSTILLED
DRUG USED FOR THIS.
Pilocarpine: 0.5-4%
Physostigmine: 0.02-1%
Timolol: 0.25 – 5%
II) WHAT IS THE CONCENTRATION OF
THE DRUG USED?

3. I) WHAT POISONOUS
ALKALOID IS OBTAINED
FROM THE FUNGUS SHOWN.
muscarine
I) NAME THE ANTIDOTE USED
FOR THIS POISONING.
atropine

4. I) IDENTIFY THE PLANT SEEN
HERE.
Digitalis purpurae /digitalis lanata /fox glove
II) WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OBTAINED
FROM THIS PLANT.
Digoxin /digitoxin

5. I) NAME AN ALKALOID
OBTAINED FROM THIS PLANT.
reserpine
II) GIVE ONE COMMON USE OF
THE ALKALOID.
antihypertensive

6. THIS PICTURE SHOWS THE GUMS OF A
PATIENT WHO WAS ON A PARTICULAR
DRUG ORALLY FOR SIX MONTHS
I) IDENTIFY THE DRUG.
Diphenyl hydantoin (phenytoin)
II) CAN THIS DRUG BE GIVEN IV?
IF SO, FOR WHAT PURPOSE?
Yes, status epilepticus

7. THIS IS AN X-RAY OF THE TOE OF A
PATIENT WITH ACUTE GOUT
(I) WHAT DRUG WOULD YOU
RECOMMEND?
colchicine, any NSAID
(II) WHAT IS ITS MOST IMPORTANT
SIDE EFFECT?
diarrhoea, GI upset

8. I) DRUG B BLOCKS THE EFFECT
OF TRANSMITTER ‘A’. WHAT
COULD DRUG ‘B’ BE?
atropine and its substitutes
II) WHAT ANTIDOTE CAN
REVERSE THIS BLOCK?
• Anticholinesterase agents e.g..
Physostigmine
Transmitter
A
B

9. • MENTION TWO DIURETICS
ACTING AT THE SITE
INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’.
furosemide, bumetanide,
torasemide and ethacrynic acid
A

10. I) MENTION ONE DIURETIC
ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED
BY ARROW ‘A’.
thiazide
II) MENTION ONE NON DIURETIC
USE OF THE DRUG.
antihypertensive/diabetes insipidus
A

11. NOTE HYPOCHROMIC MICROCYTIC
BLOOD PICTURE- IRON DEFICIENCY
ANAEMIA
I) NAME AN ORAL PREPARATION
USED FOR TREATMENT.
Ferrous sulphate/ferrous fumarate
II) NAME A PARENTERAL
PREPARATION USED FOR
TREATMENT.
Iron dextran/ferrous sucrose/iron sorbitol-citrate

12. NOTE MACROCYTES, POIKILOCYTES,
CELL FRAGMENTS AND EXTREME
ANISOCYTOSIS- PERNICIOUS
ANAEMIA.
I) WHAT DOSE OF VIT B12 IS USED
IN TREATMENT?
100-1000 micro grams
II) BY WHAT ROUTE IS IT GIVEN?
IM /parenteral

13. NOTE THE POIKILOCYTES &
IRREGULARLY CONTRACTED RED
CELLS- HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA
• NAME TWO DRUGS THAT CAN
PRODUCE THIS ADVERSE
EFFECT.
• Primaquine /paracetamol
/phenacetine /sulpha /sulphones

14. • NAME TWO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
AGENTS ACTING AT SITE ‘A’.
• Centrally acting antihypertensive
• Eg. Clonidine, methyldopa, reserpine
A

15. NAME TWO
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS
ACTING AT SITE ‘D’.
Postganglionic sympathetic nerve
endings e.g.. Methyl dopa /
guanethidine / reserpine
D

16. • I) WHAT ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
• DRUG ACTS AT SITE ‘E’?
• Beta blockers e.g.. propranolol
• II) GIVE ONE SPECIAL
• ADVANTAGE OF THE DRUG.
• does not affect renin /no postural
hypotension
E

17. • I) NAME ONE
• ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT
• ACTING AT SITE ‘B’.
• Nitroprusside/diazoxide
• II) WHAT TYPE OF HYPERTENSION
• IS IT USED AND BY WHAT
• ROUTE IS IT ADMINISTERED?
• Hypertensive crisis(emergencies) , iv
B

18. • NAME TWO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
AGENTS WHICH CAN BE
ADMINISTERED BY TWO DIFFERENT
ROUTES ACTING AT THE SITE
INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’.
• Iv route. Eg. Trimethaphan, pentolinium
tartarate
• Oral route. Eg. Pempidine / mecamylamine /
pentolinium tartarate
A

19. • NAME ONE ANTIASTHMATIC
DRUG EACH ACTING AT THE
SITES INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’
AND ‘B’.
A) sympathomimetics e.g..
Isoprenaline/ salbutamol/ terbutaline.
B) aminophylline / Theophylline

20. PHOTOGRAPH A & B TAKEN BEFORE & AFTER GIVING A DRUG IV TO A
MYASTHENIC.
I) NAME THE DRUG USED.
edrophonium, short acting
II) WHAT IS THE SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE DRUG USED?

21. NOTE THE TRANSDERMAL DISC
I) NAME A DRUG GIVEN BY THE
DEVICE SHOWN
scopolamine
II) MENTION THE INDICATION FOR ITS
USE
motion sickness

22. I) NAME A DRUG ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’.
(DNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE)
rifampicin, tuberculosis and leprosy
II) WHAT IS ITS MOST IMPORTANT THERAPEUTIC USE?
A

23. • NAME TWO ANTIFUNGALAGENTS ACTING AT SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’
amphotericin b and nystatin
A

24. I) NAME ONE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY
ARROW ‘A’.
polymyxin and colistin (polymyxin B)
II) WHAT IS ITS IMPORTANT THERAPEUTIC INDICATION?
Pseudomonas infection
A

25. • NAME TWO ANTIBIOTICS HAVING DIFFERENT CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’.
amino glycosides e.g.. streptomycin and any tetracycline
A
50s
30s

26. • NAME TWO DRUGS STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT, ACTING AT
THE SITE INDICATED BY ARROW ‘A’
any macrolide antibiotic e.g.. Erythromycin, chloramphenicol
A
50s
30s

27. I) NAME AN ANTITUBERCULAR DRUG ACTING AT THE SITE MARKED BY ARROW ‘A’.
streptomycin
II) WHAT IS ITS MOST IMPORTANT TOXIC EFFECT?
Ototoxicity(vestibular) , nephrotoxicity
A
50s
30s

28. I) NAME AN URINARY ANTISEPTIC DRUG ACTING AT THE SITE INDICATED
BY ARROW ‘A’.
nalidixic acid
II) AGAINST WHAT ORGANISM IS IT SPECIFICALLY USED?
Proteus
50s
30s DNA
A

29. THE DRUGS ACTING AT STEPS ‘A’
& ‘B’ARE SYNERGISTIC
• NAME THE COMPONENTS OF
SUCH A SYNERGISTIC
COMBINATION USED IN
MALARIA.
• Sulphadoxine/sulphone
• pyrimethamine
PABA
DHFA
THFA
DIHYDROFOLATE
REDUCTASE
FOLATE
SYNTHATASE
A
B

30. I) NAME TWO DRUGS WITH
DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC USE
ACTING AT STEP ‘A’.
Sulpha/sulphone/PAS (Para-amino salicylic
acid) (sulfamethoxazole, Sulphadoxine)
II) NAME TWO DRUGS WITH
DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC USE
ACTING AT STEP ‘B’.
Pyrimethamine/ chloroguanide/
trimethoprim/methotrexate
PABA
DHFA
THFA
DIHYDROFOLATE
REDUCTASE
FOLATE
SYNTHATASE
A
B

31. THE DRUGS ACTING AT STEPS ‘A’ &
‘B’ARE SYNERGISTIC.
• WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF
SUCH A SYNERGISTIC
COMBINATION USED IN
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS.
sulfamethoxazole: 400mg or 800mg
trimethoprim: 80mg or 160mg
PABA
DHFA
THFA
DIHYDROFOLATE
REDUCTASE
FOLATE
SYNTHATASE
A
B

32. I) WHICH ANTIBIOTIC HAS THIS CHEMICAL STRUCTURE? Penicillin
II) NAME THE RING ‘A . Beta Lactam ring
III) NAME THE RING ‘B’. Thiazolidine
A B

33. THIS IS THE STRUCTURE OFA COMMONLY USED ANTBIOTIC
I) NAME THE ENZYMES ACTING AT ‘A’AND ‘B’AND THE END PRODUCTS.
A) Betalactamase or penicillinase ->penicilloic acid
B) amidase ->6-aminopenicilloic acid
A
B

34. I) MENTION THE CLASS OF DRUGS HAVING THE GIVEN
STRUCTURE.
TETRACYCLINE
II) MENTION ONE DRUG BELONGING TO THE ABOVE CLASS
WHICH CAN BE SAFELY USED IN RENAL FAILURE.
DOXYCYCLINE

35. I) WHAT GROUP OF DRUGS
CAN PRODUCE THIS EFFECT?
STEROIDS/ CORTICOSTEROIDS/
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
II) NAME ONE LONG ACTING
PREPARATION OF THIS GROUP.
DEXAMETHASONE/
BETAMETHASONE

36. NOTE THE EXOPHTHALMIC
GOITRE
• NAME THE TWO MOST
COMMONLY USED
ANTITHYROID AGENTS GIVEN
PRIOR TO SURGERY.
• PROPYLTHIOURACIL/
CARBIMAZOLE/ METHIMAZOLE
• POTASSIUM IODIDE/ LUGOL’S
IODIDE

37. NOTE THE ULCER CRATER
I) WHAT DRUG CAN BE USED
TO PROMOTE HEALING.
CARBENOXOLONE / Sucralfate
II) NAME Any OTHER DRUG
USED FOR THIS CONDITION.
ANY ANTACID/ H2 BLOCKER /
ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENT

38. NOTE THE AMOEBIC ABSCESS IN
THE LIVER
I) MENTION ONE DRUG USED FOR
THE ABOVE CONDITION
METRONIDAZOLE/ EMETINE/
CHLOROQUINE
II) WHAT DRUG SHOULD BE USED
IN THE FOLLOW UP TREATMENT?
• DILOXANIDE FUROATE

39. THE DIAGRAM REPRESENTS
INTESTINAL & HEPATIC
AMOEBIC LESIONS
I) GIVE THE DRUG OF CHOICE
ACTING AT BOTH THE SITES.
METRONIDAZOLE/ EMETINE
II) WHAT IS ITS MOST COMMON
SIDE EFFECT?
METALLIC TASTE AND
CARDIOTOXICITY
LIVER
LARGE
BOWEL
AMOEBIC
LESIONS
LYMPH
NODES
AMOEBIC
LESIONS

40. I) WHICH DRUG WOULD HAVE
PRODUCED THIS SIDE
EFFECT?
Thalidomide
II) GIVE ONE INDICATION FOR
ITS USE IN THERAPY.
Lepra reaction

41. THIS PATIENT HAS LEPROMATOUS
LEPROSY
I) WHAT IS THE DURATION OF
TREATMENT WITH DAPSONE?
Paucibacillary – 6months
multibacillary -1 yr
II) WHAT DRUG WOULD BE IDEAL
TO REDUCE INFECTIVITY?
Rifampin

42. NOTE THE SCABITIC LESIONS
NAME THE TWO MOST COMMONLY
USED AGENTS FOR THIS DISEASE
AND THE CONCENTRATION IN
WHICH IT IS USED.
• Benzyl benzoate 25%
• gamma benzene hexachloride 1%
• sulphur ointment 10%

43. NOTE THE RINGWORM
INFESTATION
• NAME TWO DRUGS USED FOR
THIS DISEASE.
• Griseofulvin/ Whitfield’s ointment
• Tolnaftate/ Miconazole/ undecylenic
acid

44. THIS IS A TRACHOMATOUS EYE
• NAME THE TWO SYNERGISTIC CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC
AGENTS USED FOR TREATMENT OF THIS CONDITION.
• Sulfacetamide and tetracycline

45. • MENTION ONE VERMICIDAL AND
ONE VERMIFUGAL AGENT USED
AGAINST INFESTATION WITH
THIS WORM.
• Niclosamide and mepacrine

46. NOTE THE ROUND WORMS IN THE
INTESTINE.
• MENTION ONE DRUG USEFUL FOR THIS
CONDITION WITH DOSE
• Mebendazole-100mg BID/3days or
• Levamisole-150mg single dose OR
• Piperazine citrate – 75mg/kg up to 3.5gm for
1or 2 days OR
• Thiabendazole – 25mg/kg up to 3gm
BID/2days OR
• Bephenium naphthoate – 5gm single dose in
the morning in empty stomach
• Pyrantel pamoate – 1gm

47. NOTE THE HOOK WORMS IN THE
INTESTINE
• MENTION TWO DRUGS USEFUL
FOR THIS CONDITION.
• Mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate/
bephenium/ thiabendazole/ levamizole

48. • MENTION THE NAMES OF TWO
THERAPEUTICALLY USED
ALKALOIDS FROM THIS PLANT
WITH ONE USE FOR EACH
• Ergometrine- postpartum hemorrhage
and Ergotoxin- migraine

49. I) IDENTIFY THE PLANT.
Rye with Claviceps purpurea
II) MENTION THE NAMES OF TWO
THERAPEUTICALLY USED ALKALOIDS
OBTAINED FROM IT.
• Ergometrine and Ergotoxin

50. • NAME TWO DRUGS WITH
DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC
USE THAT CAN PRODUCE THE
SIDE EFFECT.
• Anticancer drugs and heparin