Gastritis
And
Gastropathy
By : Lakshay saini

Gastritis
Gastritis is a condition in which the stomach lining-
known as the mucosa-is inflamed.
🦠The stomach lining contains special cells that
produce acid and enzymes, which helps in break down
of food for digestion, and mucus, which protects the
stomach lining from acid. When the stomach lining is
inflamed, it produces less acid, enzymes, and mucus.

Types of Gastritis
Gastritis can broadly be divided into acute gastritis and
chronic gastritis.
• Acute gastritis
Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation of the lining of the
stomach.
Acute gastritis can be divided into:-
~Acute superficial gastritis
~Acute Erosive gastritis
~Acute gastric ulceration

• Chronic gastritis
It is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach that
occurs gradually and persists for a prolonged time.
• Chronic gastritis can divided into:-
~Type A chronic gastritis (autoimmune gastritis)
~Type B chronic gastritis (bacteria induced gastritis)
~Type C chronic gastritis (chemical induced gastritis)

Aetiology
~Bacterial infections
~Non- steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
~Autoimmune
~Bile reflux disease
~Stress
~Alcohol addiction
~Cocaine
~Radiation and chemotherapy

Sign & Symptoms
~Abdominal pain and burning, in the upper
center of the abdomen called the epigastric area
~Bloating
~Weight loss
~Indigestion
~Anorexia
~Nausea & vomiting

Some times severe gastritis can lead to life-threatening
symptoms including:
~Severe chest pain
~Feeling faint or short of breath
~Severe abdominal pain
~Sudden onset of bloody stools (blood may be
red or black)
~Vomiting blood or black material (resembling coffee

Diagnosis
Gastritis is diagnosed on the basis of medical history
and physical examinations of the patient and the
following tests:
~Blood test
~Stool test
~Upper gastrointestinal X ray
~Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Treatment by :-
~Antacids
~H2 Receptor Blockers
~Proton Pump Inhibiters
~Antibiotics
~Antidiarrheal Agents

Prevention
~Eating habits
~Avoid alcohol
~Don't smoke
~Maintain a healthy weight
~Exercise regularly
~Manage stress

Gastropathy
Gastropathy refers to a condition in which the stomach
lining becomes damaged (not inflamed)
🦠Many factors may contribute to gastropathy,
including non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
use, alcohol consumption, and many other conditions.

Symptoms
• Nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhoea
• cramping
• abdominal pain
• loss of appetite
• weight loss
• heartburn
• fullness after meal
• indigestions
• bloating
• acid reflux
• food regurgitation
• chest pain

Types of gastropathy
1. Reactive gastropathy
Reactive gastropathy occurs as a result of long-term stomach
exposure to irritating substances. These substances commonly
include NSAIDs, alcohol, and bile.
Reactive gastropathy can be chronic and erosive, which means it
may cause lesions or ulcers in the stomach or small intestine.
2. Acute erosive gastropathy
Acute erosive gastropathy is similar to reactive gastropathy in
that irritating substances may also contribute to its development.
However, acute erosive gastropathy may also develop due to
serious underlying health conditions. These conditions can
include sepsis, critical illnesses, or severe injuries or burns.

3.Portal hypertensive gastropathy
Portal hypertensive gastropathy develops when
elevated blood pressure in the portal vein, the major
vein leading to the liver, causes damage to the
stomach lining.

Diagnosed by
~Endoscopy
~Ultrasound
~Endoscopic ultrasound
~Biopsy
~Upper gastrointestinal series
~Gastric emptying study
Other tests for diagnosis:-
~Blood test
~Stool test

Lifestyle changes to treat it
• avoid certain medications, such as aspirin
• eat fewer fatty foods
• avoid spicy foods
• reduce your daily salt intake
• reduce or stop alcohol consumption
• drink more water
• add probiotic foods
• avoid dairy products
• eat smaller meals several times per day

Medications involved
• antacids
• proton pump inhibitors
• antibiotics
• diabetes medications
• blood pressure medications
• chemotherapy
• histamine blockers
• medications to stimulate stomach muscles
• anti-nausea medications

Thank you