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1. DR R K SINDHU
HVTI HISAR
9466629600

2.  An infectious, eruptive, occasionally fatal
viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin
disease virus (LSDV) , closely related to the
pox viruses.
 The disease appears as the nodules of two to
five-centimeter diameter mainly around the
head, neck, limbs, mammary gland of female
cattle, and genitals.
 And the lumps open up like large and deep
wounds.
 Some other clinical signs are general
malaise, ocular and nasal discharge, fever,
and a sudden decrease in milk production.
 It heavily impacts animal health and welfare
and can lead to severe economic losses in
affected farms.

3.  Traditionally found in Africa As per some sources
in 1929, LSD was first described in Zambia.
 Over the next 85 years, it spread throughout the
majority of Africa and into the Middle East.
 In Greece in Europe, the virus entered
in 2015 and also in Caucasus and Russia.
 Further, the virus spread in 2016 into the east
in Balkans, north towards Moscow, and west
into Kazakhstan., now spread to several countries
in the Middle East and European countries
 LSD has recently spread to and within Asia,
posing a threat to our country.
 Disease was first reported in India in
August 2019 from Mayurbhanj, Odisha.


6.  Lumpy skin disease in Rajasthan: Toll rises
to 5,807, Jodhpur worst hit – The Times Of
India: Aug 5, 2022, 07:47 IST
 Lumpy Skin Disease: NDDB supplied 28 lakh
doses of goat pox vaccine in Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Punjab – THE INDIAN EXPRESS
 In Gujarat alone, over 1,600 cattle have died
due to LSD and 58,000 animals have been
infected by the virus. The government has so
far vaccinated 12.75 lakh cattle. Written
by Avinash Nair | Anand |August 3, 2022
11:12:16 pm

7.  Rajasthan: दो लाख गोवंशों में फ
ै ला लंपी वायरस, पशुपालन मंत्री ने
ममशन मोड पर काम क
े ददए ननदेश - अमर उजाला, जयपुर -04 Aug
2022
 Tribune -More than 1,200 cattle infected with
Lumpy Skin Disease in Ferozepur : Aug 05, 2022
 Business Standard - Milk output down 50,000
litres a day as lumpy skin disease batters Gujarat
 Inoculation drive in full swing as over a million
cattle get vaccinated Ahmedabad Last -August 3,
2022
 The Times Of INDIA – Rajasthan Control lumpy skin
disease on mission mode - Aug 4, 2022


8.  Family Poxviridae –
 Genus Capripoxvirus
 1 serotype of Lumpy Skin Disease
Virus(LSDV)

9. Share 96% nucleotide identity
-

10.  Susceptible to 55°C/2 hours, 65°C/30 minutes.
 Can be recovered from skin nodules kept at –80°C
for 10 years and infected tissue culture fluid
stored at 4°C for 6 months.
 pH: Susceptible to alkaline or acid pH.
 No significant reduction in titre when held at pH
6.6–8.6 for 5 days at 37°C.
 Chemicals/Disinfectants: Susceptible to
 ether (20%),
 chloroform, formalin (1%), and
 some detergents, e.g. sodium dodecyl sulphate.
 Susceptible to phenol (2%/15 minutes),
 sodium hypochlorite (2–3%),
 Iodine compounds (1:33 dilution),
 quarternary ammonium compounds (0.5%).

11.  Survival: LSDV is remarkably stable,
surviving for long periods at ambient
temperature, especially in dried scabs.
 LSDV is very resistant to inactivation,
surviving in necrotic skin nodules for up to
33 days or longer, desiccated crusts for up to
35 days, and at least 18 days in air-dried
hides.
 It can remain viable for long periods in the
environment.
 The virus is susceptible to sunlight and
detergents containing lipid solvents, but in
dark environmental conditions, such as
contaminated animal sheds, it can persist for
many months.

12.  Principle method: Mechanical
transmission by arthropod vector
(mosquitoes, biting flies and ticks)
 Minor source: Direct contact or Ingestion
of contaminated feed and water
 Possible route: Experimental inoculation
with material from coetaneous nodules or
blood
Through bringing in infected cattle from
affected regions.

15.  Morbidity: 5-45%
 Mortality: <10%
 May Be Fatal in Calves

16.  Not reported under field conditions
 The onset of fever: in 6-9 days from
inoculation
 Fist skin region: appeared in 4-20
days at the inoculation site

17.  Nodules with congestion, haemorrhage,
oedema, vasculitis and necrosis.
 Enlargement of lymph nodes with
lymphoid proliferation, oedema,
congestion and haemorrhage
 Pox lesions of mucous membranes of both
digestive and respiratory tract
 Oedema and areas of focal lobular
atelectasis in lungs
 Pleuritis with enlargement of the
mediastinal lymph nodes
 Synovitis and Tendosynovitis with fibrin in
the synovial fluid

42.  The nodules are firm, and may extend to
the underlying subcutis and muscle.
 Acute histological key lesions consist of
epidermal vacuolar changes with
intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and
dermal vasculitis.
 Chronic key histological lesions consist of
fibrosis and necrotic sequestrum.

52.  Sanitary prophylaxis
 Free countries: import restrictions on livestock,
carcasses, hides, skins and semen
 Infected countries : - Strict quarantine to avoid
introduction of infected animals into safe herds
 Isolation and prohibition of animal movements (in
case of outbreaks)
 Proper disposal of dead animals (e.g. incineration) or
Deep buriel.
 Cleaning and disinfection of premises and implements
 Vector control in premises and on animals
 With the exception of vaccination, control measures
are usually not effective
 Vector control in ships and aircraft is highly
recommended

59. The treatment of disease is symptomatic and
targeted at preventing secondary bacterial
complications
 Administration of antibiotics for 5-7 days to
check secondary infection e.g.
 Enrofloxacin @ 5mg/kg,
 Amoxicillin-Cloxacillin @ 10mg/kg,
 Strepto-penicillins @ 10mg/kg,
 Ceftiofur+tazo @ 1.1-2.2mg/kg
 In case of Pyrexia-
 Administration of NSAID e.g.
 Meloxicam @ 0.5mg/kg daily,
 Tolfenamic acid @ 4.4mg/kg at 72 hours.
 Administration of NSAID with enzymes:
Nimesulide + Seratopeptidase or Meloxicam +
Seratopeptidase

60.  Anti-histaminic preparations Viz.,
Chlorpheniramine, Pheniramine
 Parenteral Multi vitamins- Vit A, Vit
B-complex, Liver tonics
 Immunomodulators: Vit E + Selenium
@ 1ml/50 kg subcut, Levamisole
 Diuretics-Furosemide-in oedematous
swelling
 Corticosteroids- Dexamethasone?

61.  Magnesium- glycerine paste over swelling
 Corneal opacity- Eye drops,
Subconjunctival injections
 Wound Management: Application of
anticeptic spray/ointments
 Mouth wash with application of
boroglycerine in case of mouth lesions
 Feeding of liquid food, soft feed and
succulent pasture/fodder is advisable
 Autoimmunization / Autohaemotherapy

63. Remedy 1:
 Arsenic alb 200 once daily
 Silicea 200 once daily
 Scophularia nod 30 Tid
 Thuja 200 twice a day on alternate days
 If fever found, then add Pyrogenium 200
and Echinacea 6 thrice a day alternatively
for 3 days

64. Remedy 2:
 Arsenic alb 200 once daily
 Crotalus hor 200 once daily
 Belladona 30 Tid
Remedy 3:
 Arsenic alb 200 once daily
 Crotalus hor 200 once daily
 Belladona 30 Tid

65. Remedy 4:
 Variolinum 200 once daily
 Dulcamara 200 once daily
 Acid nitricum 200 once daily
 Oscimum sanctum 30 once daily
 Thuja 30 once daily
*5 days

66.  Reporting as per Performa supplied – daily
reporting in Excel sheet( Annexure A ) &
other Annexures
 Intensify Clinical Surveillance in the field
and send Representative sample to
NIHSAD Bhopal
 Organize special awareness camps for
livestock owners, Gaushala Management
& workers and general public.
 Vector Control
 Vaccination

67.  General provisions
 Incubation period: 28 days
 Susceptible animals: cattle (Bos indicus
and B. taurus) and water buffalo (Bubalus
bubalais)
 Veterinary Authorities should require the
conditions relevant to the LSD status of
the cattle of the exporting country to
authorise import or transit of the
commodities.

68.  LSD is notifiable
 In the country - No case of LSD has been
confirmed for at least the past three
years
 No vaccination against LSD has been
performed for at least three years
 The commodities are imported in
accordance with chapter 11.11 of the
Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
 For more detailed information, please
refer to the Chapter 11.11. Lumpy skin
disease in the OIE Terrestrial Animal
Health Code.