microbiologie

1. BACTERIOLOGIE GENERALA $I
SPECIALA
RAMONA MIIfAELA STOICISCU

2. CUPRINS
Cllibld 1......,...............-................
IihdDc4 ir Mimbiolo3ie Dd. ntrie.
crpiblul tr ..............,. .......... ..... .. ..
Miorlorgdisq clrsifi@ ri ,macl.tui
Molrolo3i. hafuixl.. shcnn elulDi tdai@
Clpibhl m......,...............................
c4iblul N..............,..,,..,................ . ..........................,.....21
Iirologi. b'dieL cr.gt u g ntitia 5eilrI CoDdiliitc fzie n@ craraii
Capiblul v........ .. .. ,....................... __ __ __.._.._... ...,....._..27
Mdrbolituul 6ddim, C&1. bio.himi€ rL rrDdu6ii d. *rsio
&pitolul 4 .......... ...,--.'- ...''- .,...... ..................... 3l
C.pibld,II ..... ..........................
PeloBi., inf€.ri! b!d6mi. Fl@ s'pofi6 i Dht t€.efia R.r4i. djft Di@,aoim.
$ eazdr Pibgmid. b€Gimr
vinnq! (oroize, nultipliE ri invzivie, dc i adoroxine)
crpiro1 vm.,..................-.............,
Mrosele d. qare dbrfdid.t. Srrei. lrffi,m. n6!art5e (bqift 0rme,
ccld.le fumk 1' plGd dr &smM,
M@is.l. de 3pift 306fie di, mj de bu 6upE iDuii4ii. D.6niFe + clsit@ i

4. .I 13
t3l
B$terlologie gener.li
C.pitolul I. Iltroduer. in mi.tobtologie D e btoric.
M'mh,ologa 6k o Mrr !
'trnkld
brot%,e ,i r o ur6 a !tudrd,
.iowemi$dn rje ff dll16iu Mr ob hm,r. d. vn,b, rbr a ocburu mu(dsdrmd. o dimdiui tuhsole, de o i'ul sjtuitq lo.ii nbm.$loi ll}).
TonHrlpsme d'u lmba gEcr DlcB.n,c.btd -rup
MT'!j"!"q" - mr, tu $udi'n mo.rotop.,. lMuii. m.hbohsutui. criail
nJtipricinr smihil'.irii m'lruraeimetor h a.nllE ag6bto, 6.cr, ch.mo si
bi.roEro, iddtififfi mr@gmhdd r Etstr td 0 ,edut. h sps d o orlhmut
do. Sopd 6ml 6t Exibilida d. a infludla i onlroli icliuea nicmrymisdtr
,d4se ti ner0to36e NpB mului.
._. Yi:qd!s" @ alcriilihr. pr.clicl in nm@ dmenii, dlr ti in vials
didiui. 6i'd urild nu nllmi p@alului nediel !j fortl.@nq ci btesn popni4ii.
ImB vie de 6Dpus! dii 3 Esnui:
. R*nul Potitu i@ orprind.: rlSe, furSi, proroe, haddii).
&ali infdioei iDDlicli ln parolosia ma,i sur in moE mjorihc poride dr er4in d
ESndui eiorl oclni ii / vimir.
Rmuile ni@bioloeiri sur:
. Mioloeia @ dudizi nDgii,
. ,@irolos3 ff * 6 uTa de prdo@te si hernDqr mplirti ,n p,btogi mri.. BlGoloEa @ sod'd brh
. vinelogia ce se mpa o shrtiut vi'leild
D. e shdifl Mqobiologir
. saiiDtn tu dodralt
. MiEobiolocie rylicd!:
- Asntultut. dkhre riimN:. cimtu nuhmF.or.erhk mmddo,
. Al.hdrderms6e. rlmde lmobr.i d,iq atmmbr,
- Enssie / M.diu (tiMDbutibili)
Biol.hnologi€, 6r. o d. a +iinlei @ iptid Co.ti@ hddjun D@lebiologic pat! ob$n@ prodrlo untie in lmpii n diclln.
MimrrDimel. au u bl 6ali,1 t tchnologja AIrN isnhiMd { a
inSinm.i smtuc.. Bi*hnotq,0 ur izril_i { milloie cetut.t. mmb6.
Eqele mimbide r' .'l]frete mmbr6c. tu rcr r pDduqia ElrrrlmDcn
- Boli (dirElosticul bolitor, bltmratul / viqlera dc exoplu mtibiorie g
pEvmiElm boli infeqi@e prin obgnda de v@inui)
Nubele UM boli, de *dplu: onsdul, ! fql propB de Bft Hilo@tq ins: tudinl
+iintific ,1 o,6tiolosi.i s{ {tftld Doi t ziu. L otichillte.
arrcorgenrek ,pe dd dnr qgucr alati in dgqnplffi odm ,*io
ciol&tu FllBh (r6.ens) (14?3t553) njt idM cn bolilel. infetio&
u' hJMu. prin pmnne mfl. @ pd 6 tum* dud u $dird El tu;@
nmd. d. qifi lh. inE-u poftr e?ic. Sphh a t c m$B got ltil _ i,n t t!!, tn m Dp
Mr,srow, tnuul@ lemsnJ d.r.lc.ln t.b3,nedtuti6trm r?l:€sR.dtt02? the7,
&ce pr,mii Drti in Espin8@ ra.iel g@l,ci spobe.

5. M'(rmrcMimele au fod &s..p6ib
.rmsm - I590 ri ,q. vd t,e*aho.lr , 1630).
Irorr d. A. Lfl&iml Ge. X!T).
o ddi o dfldh Fmctn mcGo,D< (2.
Prir.le dcsdi al. rld' mjMp,e :u for
1 ntany vn kw nhkk lr 612-1 n!)
Igw s.'mJwtu. obqocid isu r ctm,e Alts- oB XJatohu, d,i ,ru,
a tuda do'oss ti prfil4 B EIF puryrsie A ftar LEaE diDft irrda tm.ito .,
Ehl@ n @cp&6 l. n+ft 3 b.dntor ir , {ndor or ts -.n,ont ff m@ dr
El qize{2i r hpnl.i tmele @ nftur msl.tera u riccruh mtr tu.
de eL. !i m(ft dei.et. ltr n,sr@ o medcii. (tue,rne dts.ari despR
..pdc e !dsni*' bur@ dio d' et. d. &bps. de cim maron. + ,6ErJlMk;
noJ.fllo s fldhdlo,. p€nrut. tums d. rs pGdu moni su b.hsq k hdk
5hrroE. D fful na$mr- Poh ,trelgrlE l):tlm hr rfar .i. .t ,a nlsu & rpite a
mtuilor @ bldrm. d.
"Jc- + sa@ nfuokto rarsu d. dtiqpnel
Mordib,s jd. &matrc pr b& c. ;stm rur *lips't igen, r.Mi'mr Lte id ignm. rdnhul itu bn, tuicpcr. rrrmo, de
corc.did ti fo&r sa e oue in Uns&ir.
smn tv.is d, inrigar de indihl. rfB,ojlrilo di. frdjctua si 16r sis
ob3bomld d. mMr d, tlJl@ d.nuhdL, e ,. rninrli ,E!.nsbrti.
rE.u I'ul dr holi lln{)e hdc f,or dr s.Dtme ? sApl.,nar @ $r.u. posb.
dopi ce ftlK b.tu d. srd'fl pdi€,u smfia! d @ ,ix€phb h !61,a dupa
DM6 h i. ;nd t urpdtu,d.putEr,trsSmmdorhiosphet:el@!nI
pd'.iilui sffdncis r* ordhr p6m'et. pro..dstq on6ore
t us Pdtu ( r322.'3c.r dm";b^ ;p6,,-bl r smr -s*-r.in bot on,n
bdrdoE! rr po, fi dml pn- fiabae. .tu mp! d..n nu 6c airr mnufrn o,6n(sinap Dcrcor8mtsmclo r Fr Phdr,lrfct pmut r.d,u d. onM& bdonul
b!fuioui.. folonr r 4dz. rEodue rim rtud, d. ske pdn cl]drj hEodc
Mus d. a.Dne lnr.laer E Mod, de lfuputm , otdetor, fara r te o@in. @
?6rd dmBft,z. .r fe"motrls 6c prodl5t d. tedl. drr d,ojd,r de b.r., d.cr
d. m@8mis. ot,be prinr.le vlmiri ,mpoEw ah.i. tuutuj. hdffi prto d.
glin, sBFne r.s'ure {mlnin' .rtMnid$ !. , psimqr.to. ptr b@t.
'mhlosi.i.
ddoEtud d nimsulmtq in r&ri d. tlptul c€ p^dK tr.qr,,
ddmin u dsp1bs inu Dmt @ pd.jui msujsmul

6. Rohql Kct 03a3-rol0) intodE notill 6lm! o netodi d. dmi@ l,
niftrop, idldue pr,ml nediu d. c rurt eld. pah .lndwa ba.ldiil6- Drl.rza
bmld lMului. vihndJ holdic F bdlul bb{u16 9i li.,brleslr su/,lrl,b inh GE
b6Mr n botrl. E Erve lllE'rl. hdm tobqql@ b 1q05. o6Fn. prmd r,loh€l
.I6.Dh Uslq', u ctnurg dSlt, a fdt ,rimul @ a sllidr Dmipiil. de ,!€psie ale
lui ?altqn shili@ iNtuokulu !i a pdledt lo, ulili@ &idrlui fenic e
dir.pric, ndod. de s.psie id pb1€1i. drilq, impoti!. cdtadn rii ni@6i@
Dis Mcinilov (1345-1915) deopqt pmdul de faS@irdz! d llml irndn tor,
aoelode & apie mriniftbiui. Prinq&Fanill Nob.l patuM.dioin!, id 1903
kdisl4 Dansh tI).t,E) (187111939) de6rqr. mrisEul $ oti6ipii li 1399,
I390. Edion (135+l cl5) Eope Drinul modol d @!.i Ddgd !tt@rP.
?a!l Erli.h .inldi@d Solvein, pl'm Pat in cldniordpi., deie artoijMftna
fltutu od.b,ka")- A fost lolml r! pdinui Nob.l, it 1903, i6pmn o nir
AleMdd Fdirs (1331-195s) d6.oDdl Daicilim FodNi in culhdle de nu@8,i,
i" 1940, nditr& doi bio.hini$i dSlai, E BI Bori!
Hanlcy, ?, u mdic au&lm Hosdd s rE fld.y. iu Dld +
ric VmbiFio ri Rob6 Gollo desc.p.r6 viNl
'Bu,rd.6.i6{ei

7. cotrtibqil rohin$d b dooitua ,r.oblolosi.i
vid6 Bab6 {1354 1926) 6t fdd.hl rolii mr'.gti d. ni@biologie A l'e
o P,(d I' Peis ri a publid, inpitud d vi@ c.njl, prind mu'r de mimbiotosi.
in 1335, lu@a inpftun! @ Robd rs.6, ie, l' 1337, d*ire pnmul p'Dfar de
mromi. psbloglci ti bo.t6iolos. di' Bu.urtfti. Mll@ giinli6d a lui Blh€r cupind.
Dde lo0o d. publiotji Ddopaa mi mitugei q inclsiv o noui .las5 nmii{
,cr"sia 11900)i @Dusculj, tudici BiSer-lndl incluiil. nlie ti @lul.lc
iflo& ofPa'llii Blb€r N.d; iNdlaz-r noi rr@E d iNtim6tr pi.pad va@n'll
etirabic ri sdd miidin c. E.r. ftn&ml Iistiohiui dc Pablosie vidtr tubB, din
YidN Bob?.t 1135+1926
Ion cebruino (1363193,1) 6rdi.ra h Pdi. $, ln lg0l, dhnc plofs d.
n.drrd Rpei[mEli. h kd l@ d. V.dicin Bu.e$i Mtra @hbJri luj Im
cmcuno a br d.tul@ n.&cin. FNan. rn RonM.' l_ lrb.l:tml s pr.!m
v@intil. dtiofilmic, mriholdi.j aritfio - 6liporati6c. htodu in R@mia reci'ul
BCG. &r. fon&lool Institublui d. Mi@bioL'€rq Pr4ziblosr. ri lpidmioloaie din
Buurcfd (ocM tnsiiotul de etui !i vmiMi ,Dr. ion cokujm"). und. e o61,n saui
ri vuioui { e lc divielel u,v6ibrn.
Ion Conb.uitu { I A6a- I 93 4)

8. C.onolul ll: Ml.roots.rhme, clrrllicore ti roDer'hturn
Morfoloqi. boct.rirrd sructura cldei b"rcnetr'
rr, bol'lo' 'n eq,B. muc * iM&@' in : !,'pr de ol8elm' hMi'
m'sr bo D@'n lNbbmr hclmin{i) prim'
--i;;'l.; : .+a,,r,' p",*ol,. rp-rq..ro*,' nis' j pFraek
*^ -uaosi,qo@,*n
t-',b Lrm." r
'n'*d:
rrglulffsl
- i..p*r,. iim oe-'.ac 'mmlM.
dr pud dr vedm n'd'el
alNi6@ Nmdolstq Ido i6@
a!d. hrecd@, * dsfii in mcrurssom' !' orEe'$e n,msop'r
n''-i.--r-i" * a*** .b a.lul d. %b'rrbb il qhrul i
"*;;;i:.;';'*'-. -'erureq e'ur. d. trp pomol ru -eajd
-ii"*. oi--"^t. i- *, a. *uul m'.lmlo'. d' obid 0'<_r m'mD
i#,,''a,"-.i* ,-"* @ miffisdis' 1ore'un' eruk de up
*-iL -.*i 'w."o.^ld
Erul<lq p'Nrd i Dimsrerd
E,d' ripdmd
v."L"ii
" -.,i -. ,o*t. inralo@ I'Nk dc rdahoLm propiu Mr
"jii.* ,i ,iJi:; "'''",i-'
v*r. onnn AoN er atu{ 6rd obr's'@nu
;*i.a"* e,,r.. *' tu t,-u drk uu ri wiu.

9. viMiL & h S.&rl dibdiui c,4riM ln!! 20300 i@dii, iE Drimn b ju
d.5 M.ti. rtroEi d r@Lie itf.qi@ S. Yizliu nlmi limimoFl
O'A.d.D.L Da$dDbc
5, P@itii rrn@rXi & bdrz&q da@ic !i lEttri4i $ vi@i MIb4 ln
6tr1i. & $-i., dc h.3!n turiMi h DdL l5 E ti.
Difiar.te bri. ehrot 6rioL !i Dedioiq
- In6m4ir codinon b ADN
- Acd-li Miw {te sinkl ! pr*iidd
- ll€li studd { nnqic r Mbt&i.iiodaunE
- S|doir nEF d.radae
Nm.rdF d.lrdqM h{r.aIror
unilda rqmid nDih.rdrlr d. rD.d!,
sr* . @ o l,ld din.rblr4ir wi !t E ! @@Gdo6 ad.
XrSuih LrMi€ n4aim eaului ut nlmt,o.it .l.htr
NdEEI Bt &idl.*. bi@iulr.,{od", d Ddm lnn .4ibl( m.l &,r!-i."
o'dDd qr,er.&Iq' (tdon!fi !,,.16")
,aI,Ji,rnt-w@ w@, ".Hc)
SDod, Tr.tonepahn@
6

10. M8I. *cn br.ldim ou fsr suBiviaE F bu stuii dilai@ ln ..r.dpu!
pr bu c€d6rc'lo bltue
'n
bldlpu( F bu qsibhdti, iirie h rLoth[n.
Ad {Hieam e uptud dhid 9r ep'ddioloaid.
Tdptr. t€eisl * r.rrdn de h,eii di,
'&otr
3pai., imlata inb_u
dbitmonat ditrt-u ,lmil pdu prblogie
colo r. tut ,.pl?6l'L & 6aeil .1. aEl@ti sr@n, * ru @r I' e.lad
le, p. o plu @ r.diu slid d. dlMl dirts-u lMI' f@de tda d. b!oL'ij, nmie
@d! fo rM d? 6lm, cEU (olo.y fomins uiE).
clo e o mull!. d. b!!ti' ff ! puld dr di$zilm ma rtrur elul.
s!l.m& clltlt.E
Ednminult sieisn d. claif@ brar. p.:
. ci*rerr. d. dlcioi.trhh:
c.ld4. cM lmp6i. h'diiL ln betqii Glm mgitiv. (tulo@ otie) + bl*
G@ pdftiYe (cdo@ $old).
colmtia zi.hl Nels cl4i6d boitriil. in rid dmlo si$6L ti ffii3ld
Fmi dio@iuH (d. ddinul nidmedd), di,Dozilio (atm) teiiltr poi fi
*iddti& @ ojdEd Diderdui @.ic
e Mr tundmmEle
. roonr rluBin & bsndit: beili, (uii $h 6m. d. vnrlji: vib'imi)
. f(m, spir.li6 Anii {+iDcnd., ItpiorpiE)
. rome in6.dim mt.ili
d,*ffim
N{orlotod. b@drl
kr m;dali 66iu d. du'6@ 0 b,@iils, dr a6c loe wi! tr M+'
d. mdiriil. d. u,r, s vrlsl culEii
o.ror* .-i.o*oo 4ei .lr@ ctud bM'le M @lde din p'!dE
Fbloglo l@iide i"inlc de hddd oltbidic, dtttda hrcldidi I d le p' D'dii

11. pmp,e d. de-^ottu, h rdpsduri, pH !i DidibE opiiD4 a0ac in pftood! de o€irdc
l, .ferlcr: mi: ll),m p.ar fi Dster siadd, * Jr,zrlom, oreidata a c.pcr.
$ofi., *. step@uil prem,rq foma de ;nichi (..bo,b. tu afeJ,) .x
!.r.-crmm'nsar !igonM i Au d.meht a.,nDr,tury0e.,u r.
DivMcm b&r rld pr hr m s
pM6ul plblost r.relci prn..d.n1t.!o de sm nh. d.;s dp€rdtTofttoe,
* d,udi F.ntu, PhNrudr d. dltrhr. n
dup, d,%m., dq. de, fin.totrc. vr.nd.9.n,lo t. srfel q h n'm*oo. E ho'.ut . otud. pum lbsm a bs. r6i ,;b,e s-
in pdEhi, diplo d..xml|! fncm(rmri eu r.isdile (rriin aliDih {iDi cdr. doi)
- rehde, dnp6 diviziua a doun ptaui p.rp€rliolft
. luM.d.qn-n! drpr ptmu por:l.te. d. amptu fr.ptu.. (iornir.dnr 66 dJpi plmM no.aLtrk. d.nmdu qaitMJ,
,. Fornl d. bdo..|: b!.ili
. dtmtur flstudnrl,.ne m'nr h& mf ,d. ,ptuMsuv Gto mr d r cd
- s oFE dRpk (bao tN 4zliz, tr) su mbrk
.B,c'lidrp.'{uu.or jn.ubsh.tuma3M.vd..,,4,,okE,,ltrsurbd.I

12. s.6i. $6 fmi d. r4!l[)r
in lmui ( frettobacili),
- $b lims lndlor ctin€t+, icotTsld.lim),
nt q.!ho.t!hrn)
- aB d.ff
'helJ,uorDsilitomeLre
l,r.xe,x. ,pr
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y,
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Dsporla r sp6nn blcililor din I
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3. Bredll. N lorin lpn'l.d
t s0nl! idsdlr (s,rfilr,oP.d. nPdl
. ."'.*t
",r" """".-*;.,.upfldefl$'b''
r m"bre'' @d'e dmpd l!
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m6l'M rod' md! o b.ciilo_
r-r.." r,,-.."r,//'?,. r.,d-P.l .,
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13. 4. Ceob.dn:
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fomll i6.diri1,1ntu @i i 6aili,, d. Eo.d.t tL. Bmlh
3- A.d.oBhd: d btuii 6 r@ad filmar.lmsi, g& s asEni'E o
6. MloDlan L: u.tu
'sdlfu
B ! elodalt beii, d.t Du.! Dd.L
..Llr; ad llm qplid fipd d Mytopl.ml. ,ot eiB $b f@ vai.bil.
(mdar.,rraM,@r) ii p€inir o be nisilit&
,. Ioml L, ur fdnc nodifieL .L b0oi6ijltr, e o o)]ginp a wdiiiiltr
trflvoftbil. dc sElh ti r !re.i{.i difdiLld irb.lr'l. dir trEdiq qE a4idui sr4i
pqdlui eld6, h riDpul su tupn dri@r ,leia. sur hrfui sfsiE a pad. inmpla
iorD.L
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sr fm. ddiwL din .€lde hei* (@i, h.cili) ti $ fmar-I sb
a4illu mmid rtibioU@ (Daisiltu) &pE ps&lui elule bacisid.

14. CrPiiolut IIL Sttu(hm celul€i btctcri'n'
Fd de c.ld.,e More. d rip o. oIse,E rpod dm prtr de v'd* lEusnl
. **-.L*,'. "- "
.'*.* qmriuili @ sdPk r, sr elure & ti, pllxJid
PMint doui dPU de tomlrui lEudMr'
t otlebdl (!.tEn.!r., orrdie)
. otd.lo roik AErk nd6im
- ""ddri r eh,v'lai nudd)
. E.nb rdtoDhtudd
' p.reE eluLr (; .icanlLe. ,uE pl6ru F fornd' L'
dr.' trmbllS.lod)
. apudoet sui. tDeii batui@
SEucluiile obllg.to'n !l.
"hLl
Dtcl'ri'ne
I PrnkL eld!' dr liffi *rdu a rl'le boMioq M mp63 Dmb '
-,#,...'ii,;:"ii; i;;'tu -*.4
p'i*p"r 6c o p,md mri trdir
d oditu.*"*i#i."r'-u ." - t*porims o:acmrqra Gtor'q ostol di"r-h
o)':)DlMr di.nL + uul FptdL.*'"'
i'?5t"j"lr rp,ir;-a'd, Bk
"*biu
dr ohe rnre p*ar'r'' rn @
llEtrdl N{..rvl.Bl@z,lm3 @ Eid'll N_tcd}l m@c'
'-' ;-;;ffi;i;" ,.r*@ d' urtrri rdpetdrq 5sk d"od,, D,^c'
* - n
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r* a. ai.a rrrBd o stu'n'i bidBtumdl li hdal Glm
::#,l; #;",..!,''"ff;d,,htu Edn@$trdd' r' bdaii ctu p'ziri*)'
*" i,.*i. .1* r. ^*',r.
cru F*rn d mirffi. d pori mci' m o
*,,,'jil*ii.fi ""i. i,i-;;.', ai*r- -'p'-' rior rro murE rdn
--aN a. D"!aaogU".,l al}ao'a) f coDlotrdn tuom

15. . pEt ln. asirb !€dolui 6lde pde,n A, ors u hs0l! (ump[g frdo,) ta
sbphlroM aM, v.nin Nt, li &E b.@ D{sa6 (sr nj ldeim. k
$btur, e'!ieti. d. fusirui)
. l, ml. b,tur Cftr pobv. tdr dad! ut@ba.t?l&. tud4 paa.t?
mFft o dhk rmFn$ri d. ttert !.u er.n. b Jkl. rd. fr.ptlry, rad.te
ontift mulc Bluide
P.ftl...loh r, brertit Cru me.dr. * or tr6lr tl-B m,, de * mli
lmllo db pu( d. vd* *Eral. CflFn. nu,, dtu putin p€pddoSti F N ortlI.
rri r.i@ici Erst! eDair de o srr&nr5 cdpl*i nmjra ed,.!m cn mt Mdb,;r
a6a Hb dciM$ din lipoprorein. ii Uporolizatddq ar$!E d. D€Dridodiq.
"-eel.
@1u!@ to bacm ! anah paln-.
na
Fcfdld..l,llJll
ilr_ :;j+nr 7i!*;:,,;n:{a;}'j, :r.r i l
ehnt ad bd.wiilc Gtd negdir.
nnA
lrra
Iw!,I. Ddelui elulc
. cofrl fdni 5sd6iit8, dlbir! riqidiltii 3.L
. B0id! mdin (6i3rrt Dddij mdi.i)
. Polsli. impobw oC6iun 6zic a chjnie
. P€irA d.rrei p.nd keriofigi (vi@i sle ba.taijtc) !i be0ricift
. kaidri dis@ & rupiqi (nuotie anisaici)
. Pali.ipi h p,!el. dc crel@ i divizim etn{ri
. Mmbrtu qld.i a h.fuiilf Ge egrnv. 6rirc diFul
. R.rreiD{ {nia de & i
. S.diul sinceld dc tulorr p6r! suhdheL Ntritir
do*t*
*@n .*rcto.lo (fm. + drprDsul L diferiL odod€ d.
'El-ai nn nrnmnn n nn n nen nnra
r"r"5,,[- -llluullJllllluauuuuluuuuu
l@ @itu 9i mtibidi€ (E h.rmjElc Paisnino,
nff
80fi00s

16. color.li p.ntn p.dl. ..ruhr
f,c olor.l. uzudi in t@iolosi. Darorit tutuii dirdie 3 p€reklui elulE,
a{. I;sptrul dil.mfid h olmlo Cns patu b'c16il. G@ p.zirive !i el. Gffi
Bdm'|.lff porut.,ptr ormE r virld bdmrle crm o.gati!..in m.u.
Utll2,E. pEcdct r .olorll.l cEm:
t oitu hMor Gdibilibt difdiln I3 bdaiotie)
2, Coloqn zcblNcl*.
A.tdor.d .trt b'd.rilhr
urcle tda G@ pozitve (ntroDd.r.nq xdrdr) @n1in i' 6nponnl.
F{dr mdk Lpid.. au sB, t .tM,r0!odu s(@ Pd.'ut A.* l. @nf.r,
si s4'b'l'dedtuii l, uribiorie.
aolmn! Znhl.N..Ld D.rm,te djftrariaB at:er btuii dura ropricrda ld de
rrrci@le€indt Beeiil. eid}@iddc rine. ol(fu in squ €1. &ido_
Eisie & dolo€7-t, .poi s. rdlcd-t 1n olbab.
sub DIHF dd subscnF rllzam. mbbloba p.pridod'6u'lde fi dciomr.
- be'ma -qpbd{r" dr du pr*idiio{mtre ndqr
'{r0
M, ln med'n ehiLbrd
@ric, por fr ot4nui. r{me pdicde:
. Pr.bDldl - Ep€i n o sll]fun sf ici, br.lnaL lip6ne de ,6do ddd El
6G ohtird din 5afrii Gr
r sl|m.lrol . .htu; 6h, {u ltrlulari, psrlsl hp$$ de F* c€lul&. E9r' o
br;. L _, hF-lA dc p.Dr'dog,'@ a ln@nruru de mdhlm dhi $ mmbBm
. s{i-+ * uczint - *t.r
'n
p.DLdosll shl rmr. rorm L rdGopsit
l Bdtutul Lisi.) ue r pd tm, qb rn@F mbb'deld bdltue chr
irdrbiG fti dc ve,4i (fut6 ti siddre Ii b€ld'tuhc Pot 6 smibil' $u
II. M.mbdb. dropb![iLl
se 3ioe,i inft ;lopbsi ti DBd.,e eua ti &. o tuiJti tildidi,
ftdol,ud,c{ s'lui o r uidldE
'mblm
eluls. sr ordsr r de u tutui
6n$;d. ,oaa. 0-id", fiind fmruti din doui rintu d. holol. ,orfo' ddle' &?r 6
tuiil9h ntuofobt faF in fiti; id@ .1. s Fs* mlonc pmt ie s]oh'ne d' difdiE
l(oziol 6E o tui dinmic4 nuidl, hpor&i ti d6ib a ?oi.ir'le tur
a!!rc d. mmpuno(h hpldE. rin in,@qtru pd@ + hldbfob. er re psntr ml,@
k rrn6 ndbmd s. Mddriaza h niw@io .ltui.i
Roluil. mnbrrei M nuUple fu4idrir'{t @:
r. P.'m*rllt k
'.ldht
rtunbin d. molirl.lnft el'lls bddian!-r m!di4 pi1
a' hu. eu{ (cl, s hsDd dr Gl@d.. ,l.lmEin. s'u. poraru I lndeph',' mr
de b&.d lmohc! (tm4hlhM do, p6h
'pi
{i mlml. prorie mo i'
2 slrebrl & tuFt d. .konl
i u.ri. hotrg;.r uE nlul niioenilnils din el'l]ele @d'. lr ad vel {
Fau, ll s nrhe@ oersr e.luld, e,b fomi d. A'I?)
M btui..{dei 6n!inc:
ll

17. - @iGlleDert limluiEsli tr (cib@Di {re amptu cito.moridlz)
- ire inpli@ in 3ir@ forfolipidrrd ti r F.dutild atulnld
- dift imllao& nr r.pli@ ADN-ului t0 qel ditiziun cchlE
{ P.dldpa r. dvtd@ elllt{ l! IooG sannui dc r.p.re tuft end.le 6i€.
M@dr uI iF{ai Ii @ploi. ,1.
'lmblfui
{rioDlMdie id cir.plaml E
.ps I' liolEiiL G@ ruiiw $ I' u.l. 6rd-ii Gah E3divq
M@n Ddicipi h ftu Erdui d. diviziu.,
Mo6t|u ciroplMicr sb ffi ldl po,E! d.d,&tur! (dd.r8ali) ti
mtliori€ (FliDnin. ri oliBicirc).
Ix. ctioDrM d. u 3irra 6loid.l, dcrbil din 30e/o lIa ti Dolelne ni.i:
dddd. dgai* Mdor. di! hd,bolimul b'cio dcluiui.
'm
anorgoa. ffi.
ARN m6e6, AnN & tmsporr, @i@izi, aucl@idul, plamld..
Ea. n@pdihar.ld $ lipw orgmil.l. elul& (m F&d! didl
odoplMrriq Djh.odrii. 3pd col8i).
cnopl&m, 6re 6r gMJrs ri pueoic b@flI, ddqiu @ntinudui Gs, itr
.lbozorl (20.000 pa cddl) !i
^RN.
sd !1fui mDlq., al.atriE din mi nulb mlEul. de ArN ti Foroj'.
u, ribom.n dcltoit di, &{a subuillti: d ei ]r@ e mncie'1 dc
!.dilMr@ 50 uillti svqlbse; i ur mj mjci' d @fidd d. 30 billli sv.d6ag-
Pito@ii Ml @rrul 3itrl*i p.or.i6.
Sint@I. po&i& d codit@ro d. elE A.DN-ul bidaie, ie infomrli! Br.
elirll pc ARN{n D6laF, id, iltroilAl@lio, ARN d. tii6pon .dE h nivd
nbmn minMizii cnt ptl zhi s@atei cod,rq Axx-ul iibdmd FniciDt !r 6inb
molold D.skic ahdud. u frslidrl. rt. oduLi.
. alt tutui dbDl.lfudo: h.ro,fl a tuid & wd p6fu nd.boli$ul
elul4 de ddplu: indun d polifciti (dpu ii D€r.@oldoi B.b.r-Erd,
lmullii d. hlutin!) Ia b&ild dinaic si iftndi o dimF I' o16ob0cr6ji
Incluii oitopLE iiEME
Nu por.di nobrat NcLrr, 6ind ftdodit h oiioDlasnl
clmmul uic bfrid, e c.dind io6mrli! gmcid,
En Msiituir din ADN bi(fu cidnr. ADN 610 Edilr b

18. -lXX i gnrsine. !i.lm bucli eb
qoizonffii lv (k _D6lnd d@ la
[u4n] dinj€i ldivi6ea @lulo
.ffqati@ clulei, r.P,il]3ru Pr.9nc .b)
bipGpidna. sub &nu@ ADN_srMi ti
badqii). P. ADN s@t nnt imc & sinrzi
(l'1x6ele d. siniza, cr.lba, nut,plir.a,
cMomul se replici ln @lDla in d.l@.
Fo Drcsrrim divinuii c€llle.' 1. .,-1"*, ..lul.i b,G6. m F e'$ molmre r'.' d. ADN
*..-;r. q,--u' a" t--rd.. op,b,[ d.
"!.d
*,-"
dd*'mr,.rb; lkk@l;'e nelul'r' 6'4' d!
- ", -rJ.
*.*,,r. ,^a*i'a-d dc s mmoanru' rrb' re!Lu'i, inr o bdme f.r
-u,i-, **ar o * ., ..lnDle sle r.i u@tr. pl'f,idt Ur.'. ph'md. por F
flsEld.l. odi6ci i0 So.'at ffic de patosdidc Tip[i de plMidcl
. Plsmi&le R ur plMid. € 6nlin go. d. s ml.i la mbbio@.
. radoni cot onlin S6. e codificr p,olueg d€ toxin. alretulN Orldcinc
@ltcine) in sF€ial Ia bddii C,m mg'tiv. inbtinde, roxinc @ ir'niba ale b&d6'i
,re ud speii difab eu chitr are eleiEi sp{,t
. Fdml r (de ftdilibt ) e s iNai p. clmoznur bd'ie i rrvdzEz'
ndhh l],6oli a ]Mb,'tuild (sinlmDililo F).
Plmd,' ubl,-e @
"do.i
in insindia smdici {!@ e .odi6d mmi' poie1re
-k M! abere de DlMide bddin. d DnJripli@ mpidi, 6d.l lnqi explei! lor 6ie
. rn relmlosii dc ADNjffbinmr
. sinlea d. *obxile,
! Ent - prodnH* mrmtoxi,.i
. Ery ptudllEs hdolirmi
stuctuil. fe'nbriv. (emq iMnrdh) .lc b.cr.niior
s*' t*n*i "p-'a,o'r
*.'n"r p6'flo. o ml b prcpul@
'elule
toeoe
r l{smohe, sE slN d. htui (Lh6oEis)
s-i r",i.u,* r"n* *.'u"r mbtl. u. d. rsur.
'ptu
', bsli {J bnou'
rld o lusme nd re deir oD baddim.
m--..r- --* - mmm li@' d. Dd()@or. lr bd6'' do'lc
F6nd...l'm 'll,!.i.r'e' .ir s13 e rdrsn H fl'selu'' 6nd dplbile 'i
,krff ,id.a de u[@' srto
in ts.iie dendn fli snib !i dc qez@ reiD s d.snu Di hulLripun:
. .trLhq Iiti cili (badaii ibobile)
. mnoti.ha.u cjl uic.la uul dine Doli
. Iofod.b.,cilimDltipli(minmcni),ltuddinft poli
. .rnti.h.. cudemcil loobiiPoli
. erirrl.he.!udl,nuliolr n rmlel'na 6dsihe
hq.J,
-,,r**ir,
a,i
"ub-x'
nm'G n,sdnc . sd p6 flmo nm'ble'
Por 6 *idatali pnn ni.l1epia.l6tui.n:

19. e--/.t,,-.
B
C./--r1"--
D
FLsd iorgie bim&opie dtui.r
Sdr tu m npte &@ d$rq ttMrlq ne . (N ru rct t lomlj.,,
Dor dis & la k{r Do6ila cil F l{ et imb .). Evi{rd{ic plt c mc!$opr
eltucI
Rg"_.r hg" 1. eegdb., Nr"d 6sr Fccr DrrEr. o iD4i.
disai.a {.bili@ de , iDde tu ib diqr, rFc-,.
Apf ei rlB htt iajiLordnesrriw (Ei*n,&.dM, deot€.tqi).
Di! p.lrd d. !rd-. 6rqio.l, M dc doul rire.
r Prx @.1 ('lfuio) . 6! mr c.di6c.E Mj.t qi & ol l! dac h llllJfuiL
elulE F.e Au digi6 fi, Dohut cdDhr F s arind ti, EEel. c.htn.

20. Pilji s! nrtljile
rEIlaU.Uld..oIiugm).d@d6@ljd.plM,d.-s,fulinb
i-'li'J,i,i-i.--,i;I,i..,a", i"R ;ffi' d' *r'r" d""* n
"-*bd'
p""
Elfrdul de 6iw.
-" 1-.. -'*J L'r,r- *
-:,ss
a edd {iotr@'' * n.*i o 5r Ein ff
-,-,i.:i";;. ;',. ''*,*' *iur; l.*red' d ssdd "'pa'r
p opn@ no 11
r-Ii::"5#,';;;;;';.,i-,*''"**p-,,*' t* -*"u
l. C.Dtox
R6'd6mrd4Ln dhtl ffbffiL
i-ilH*i"., ilii-i.* "*,; ' "sMIj 'r medLr Mrursr d' EP sr bsdmiror
(d. .xdplu, in @rsdsm)
6;-iniE! medraf dc Pili

21. . Cqsl! ida'M (!* 02rb), vizihila l' @o!d oplio
. M6ocs.ul., d.l.oi,l h oia..c.oul cl*6;
! C.rqL nq{rbnr (di!r., Eli6€lix), o i{6 L* & fbE poliz.hiidio., c
din@d id idiL rtu e ai&ai.zl Dj@.c(Dic Adgrd 6d@ bionh.r6
b.@iaq r.lrhf,h ir.ei d. 6luL t cdim ln3lo6d. tdtu Eci@ d.
lolinai & digi* b..Lri61 @ Foi. 0d6 h Dpiftl. ir.rt (adplu L
.d.r., aioddor c&dii., adolrorE , md. d. imbc. .io) s l6$ri vn.
S.aidati.,hmiMp( otricFftdnl6ldonhfiud.ndilaoGd,
E E tdq @lo!l h jrul 6loki.
s. lor ldlia ol6$i rp@i.1. parru aiddE@ 6 (d tor & cti!, s Fnr leE
& @ne r c4.uLi @ rjded &d6pi6 !d< (o6.46ur{i}
Er. E'alr h: pndJ.[leci (Sr!p@ ,@ntn ), Ea.-ophrlls, xL6ti.llr.
ikis ena wnnginni', cbfiann p.,JnnsN _
. hDl.did d6i6a b6eiq
. B.icl & pm..biliirGpatu rubrt rF tord.. (dibidd.g i@i Dot tid)
. B.ica
',or.6e
fiF d. firiai u6A64o'i @@Id6l fuEiL)
. n!o$r otflre.ihr
. dEe L
'lo.piorii
tu nljld$d
. i.tiu divi.ra b!.idioidl r ddaulni @plaMt d !.Ib 6dd Eici
. Eprai.rl brrEi.l d.Edrt cdulr
. .d.en8.oid(@dgouli,cS. r)
R.r@idi fqD. & erddd ! heiik n m.tiln]. Dhwrb . dn E dio, o
dd! ddrd. heiilor, h @ d s riftdz.d FoLiD.
R.rcdon o !.$,tial. d. rtai. n e dilt l! itdi6@ b!.ldiild. c! ljuhl
dc!.cqdui .Lit dic s pod. d@i. lllll.d @d.d . r...n ., t @ dr.ml
dema pita.@ b sritua ti Ir Dotim ddlnffii
h qd$j Efrrmb q 6m. Esdivr. teid nEh f6m & ebiaE (4.r)
prnr DtEul & |,o l-e 4m&{.d Ed. &.L4d n' +.cii d. 6oF MiriE s
m&E c6rq.bil. .L n dDlu 6rd.
Sbrlrt .Fr.cr.zl {dud. 3672 @)
Srdiul I . s f{Ml filmabl rirl, @pE dio ADN.

22. sbd'tn tr - divi2@ sibeid t citElm.i p'lnt-u &p! fom@ pBPorulul lm
MMe s filmmr d. AI,N. Mobmr cibpl,sdd lnsloba, prBr'ruI'
s;ul ID . lDooblE @ld{ ! pdDonnu. d er. lmd d. ) Bdhe
sodiul Iv - fo]rr)!e corhulot d. Fptrdoslr.r lnft el. 2 ndb6c
stdiile v-vl - r@sg tukn ;m&t . b eiq i DslUIn@ srmlui unorj $
iomer uo int.lE qh tuDl'mmE. .r6portu.
sudrul U - srul mtu d. el'bd. id
".j,.r'I]Mt'. deftga 4
I'ropd.ddlo .Ponnd:
! coniNi s.nnl &.Pd libai
. cdrinnr De (Drn! h 109, in dip,@li'd d€ c.lou
. Raind la h@tui $ pH *tnq d6i.n , ,!dia!r, rgali chiD'ci ri 6zici
i' *ditii fo;hih, tDann s@i"dr, domtildt_s folm v.seL!!d (fda
ie@nli 6r. ,@r epcbild s! se dultiplie Si s! pr.dDci 6oila).
I
,-.-:l-@
w
3l
'm&--r_6
cr ddDle & bdfl !@l,k .- mpotup r pdolog' m'drdl' goul aaalla
o olt.re! s t?%) $ FiaJ.to:ham'. - bar c bo t't'C' P?ftirywl
- --iJ J-*."i."*it.. G,e mii nm d..d dmemn o*!@ 'r
dds
Ldi6 ftr'ri elulei ve 6 rddinola q vedr.l. de:
. rleE 6in0l, rrlmr dc bdr d. uJlnta t t lotud ua t.m;
. rr.@ $bhi.a]l (fomd iL ncnar rr.i,a eza

23. C Beii.h.gin adeiFdtud
M.bdcl. d. Giti^ F! d & porihl@ pranld nnpmitd +ool&. lm
Frlru,ce, de inHotd d. r!rp, .& fl Dwld bp6tu1i s- rd.p&; E m@dr d.
mtda @iriz&ii e l@ o tutpli !{.dtftdr Buiia' nMp tl8

24. C.pitolul lV. flzioloCe b.ct tl.!t. Cretl.E. !t nuHd. b.ct ri. .
CondlSI. Iid.e ..e3r. .ettcdt b.ctslo.
I.Crtt E. brbrlEt
(6r@ bMi.na d. o 6!th.. Mrrdu de bdsii. nu o cEnm d
lLn6,s, a elul.i bd6m. Divin6@ c€lului mep. c.itrd s.i@ lfutuoCd
elulN
'tjn!.
o n0sn citid. Ba.iaiil. E divid Dm ezipuie, 6i. o divi,ue 3iipl6
Rolic,E laDM.rird i o1rmdulo d. Eddr & fmlg <porlu {t'
dtdim ;i d. w elul.lo 6s ldw, dc su mr rult dr%m c{,r@w,
TGDd ,@ rntu o d,n!
"i
s divida. dei dlbl.B populaliei mi@himq *
ndd.'nMI DE GENEMTIE
l, bdm . o divi.be pdr (min@). brul & saf,ti. d. d' r0 Ime
' t baciil. tu d'Me la$ urU r,)robd.Mr. tupd d. S@pe * & 20
Tidpul d. S@Fc d.Diid. llet d. srci., d! F d. dtibta d. $6 n10 nut iE,
6Esn[r Ph. .lu fi.ei & nodir' Cend b!.m o.diu licbid e iDltDinldr oM ba6' A populEia bdmer 6r
nu&da la ilidttrL & ri4, s o6tE clrn dfin s c..@ii b0daid.
Sul4 le ne ciclului d. d.d* bacimin irvih:
r. I..a d. t'rdtt 0.Il EpMin[ o pqioidi ln linpd c.lrcio etuLL bldaim
htrde iot-E @u Drdiu e 0daprazl mdc @diFl d. D.diu.
Brddin N * imul6.,;dnd 16 iirift @el!.r s poai. chis &'d' in nod
Acaslr paio.dl frra diviziN cclulel pod dn d. h o or{ Pd ld
"ldr
zila
. -.
i. *;I r"i"dA efiJcle !u o iDrd. iclivi@ narboli'd i' e€id l{i
Sm rDFurl ftza. wl. elul. isr w dubla s bpl' rcl@ul. pEdri'dlN patu
drvirb;. E k Lz d. 6.rdr c.lulrr ,6h c'rtr* ? mulbpli@'
Dul! llei f;-wtszi in ftn4. & cddilii $ de Dtuina inodJului b'tuie

25. 2, Fu d. cr.lk .rp.Mlrr los.d.Dtd 0oel r ce Etut.h e dud h rhdol i! lrurrd @6 lo8rib! rd. o Ehp. tn,rr tnE tosmb,rt nun&utui d.
Cd'nd. in i@er. frzl sur rift, e io!i. csd.d. ]utoto*i6. biehini€ sj
di3ai@reei6€idro.n mjbiL h r$iu6.gq4itd fizici ri uriDimbiai.
C!,@risdd !l*i f@ ri 6i. cr.llfu ufilljj {r. NtN, i nuntntui d. dbomi
A@l! frza d!-zi pe.i cind w $D mi ndb $hsr!4. .rfitiw d onsnaL,
6.,anI s'md*!pr.dw tudboli*e liDit .d 6er&abicraimi.
Pah hdciilc a@bq el bri tEve.t f0dord linitui d. s.idm ffird
r. ru @lDa rr.fomd
Dlpl c&m m, irG o scidm i dErkii bdqioc p€na clnd rD&!l d. Enrl.
F@ .pe di, {E $-laEii .oen6ti.i ongmd,i, Eodindii DH-uhi, @u]Irii
de ndbolili ioici. ljb diviziune fi{.pc g r6d{ id nmlnrj d. beii dl s divid
& .grl o el d b€daiiltr m m.
adivide dim'dd a @loldd @i.luitod. .J. idinirr h ssr sudi!.
{ rvr d. d.drr (mrL 6lotn,
Elte f@ t * nmml brctriito * b* d& o.i DE d.cit
'16to
@ se
divid. in @lll fu4 ndirul d. 6hrc bictaitu Br r€dB pr,n Iza * dituqie cdulrtr
sub@bl. laiuk dr m.dr 4 .puir.rr El!r( €d. pH-ut ri cffiahps G. o
Un trmrr Die & t6e por rup'lviquj ln suDaBi. p6ru o paiodi fo,n. l6e!
d. tinD, l6i su chi6 mi C.lul.L slT-vi.fliioc * htu* fl .uni..li clibarli prn t;
M.d{L d. c rrd eln n.dii difr.isl. s l6inci.L. cet di tsan dilizr.
Ddii Dolru cultiv@ bdsiile mt..L di6cirlo.
a@ ru o llre dnd.bro ti & por cJs6o h nbcf. d. Eulr. ciih,, d.
daplu. h tucri. d. tu & ,gE3f. mdtr hchidq lostide $h& tD n!.{j. de
uiuz&: Dldii uzud., b.dii aeiaL, oig
Mofi!.E. ..hr.lor i. fs dpd.n{rn & s.tt F
Mali@ u.i p.Duldii 5ict6i@ tn ftdiu tishid tn fu erpoaliali c%) d.
.ir9r4. ,orb n
'.6fNti
b rinp mlisilri pri, .prDvizii]@ o subsi6l. ftitiE, &nr
mrEptbrllre. onti'1m pH-llu fl inldh@ htutohFln uK
Act dltui ohlitruL l" ip4b r!4i.1. nmib cttubl. & ,me ltui
mriru Badhil. sd Eo!I& In hz d. tog fl m b im in f,z sutmd, sqrmi
cr.|l.ro b&r.dbr L liE
Cn{l@ ba6ur h Eput l)]]u dtd d. 6 dr medirt. & culnra djticide, de
ll}odq ID gaEd. d d. -qre r, qD *@{i mi dr'd.r
Fo{rci tr infld,@I q.S.ra t€&iui r, rrD:
-dDp Dodiu & Eaa+n sl b!.tdiittr
- 56tu1 nutiidd .l p!.imhllni
- Mrqi! i6 6 d. tidns@ 6lr)
- tnlaF Ed.lolor {*drlu: .nciui ,6)
- aDIllH Elshrn (siraul diono{dor.lirl
- rirptDrd imE Me.l (ioEdslu6di'.L)
- @in. .L g.rci (!roh.z., hirllmid@)
(:

26. ll. Nlrtlf. br.sil
Urel. spen badaioo lut epabiL si 6. d*olr. in ondiFi divm.! L'i altel€, io
s)rl o.le p'luk, & IMer-i! $itu Pah qqh
! UEle pr diz M. $bdblele Dffi p6Dd de b dddidc rl. mr laple.
r AIeL nffiin rued{. orsmi€ E!6 th!.tiatc eu El nut l. tot obI,'. pin d.gEd@
.ldic! r lM mlddo mplae (rroi.iro, @i
'ucl.ici)
$u pd 6 pr.lur. di' bediu
Dn pd d. irdft sninic, b&16i1. sr fomrr. din:
- mDuti d.Seioi @ sEtu bol€ul6! ,nE: prDtin , aizi .ul.ici. polizrh&id., lildo
eb fom&ld oDoxidiv 3090 di, 8Blb udr a bd@ci
- otupqi o4eici a s@rc ml4ul0rn Dicn: ffiie
- @rpu9' ,trsmc' ry, { srm mhsal.
Pmh r qDnvi.ru d o * mduphs. b€eiil. .u DNie de.
- ]bsdlc n66E pah 3irla d. (mplr'Hrt 31iu6&le !i pah nebolisul elul&
slEle m6si.i b6cld@ ut Grnablo, EP,nlrr !i fobinra.
F..tdr rorxpt i !.g.tl utnFd ucrrtcD.
c.le mai inpodol. eldmre m1ei6 ,r@ b&tdilE d: hidioSod,
qi8aul, cr.tdul t ir.lul.
Hidog4l t origm d obli.uL din spn, ry' fiLd @!dlt paitu @qrde
Irincip.ls ulr de mr Mt tltriL {te
',nmiq
Dr.lut din r.diu $u ob!'ur. prin
ki"ro uGminesizi Eulbd din tia @r.iFld.
rbom. NrdSDrL L bd. lsshbilep.b@odounqidii:
h lu!.d. & .uDr d. *rd. pui.o clBi66 t6<tnilo id: lobltL ti chffif.
Bd;ik forobfe folos; l@im q sftn d. @sc s. na ,Ds d bod'n
nsiMi@ (@utiliazr degi. &kn).
Pdb boddile ctdtufq 6.rg'' e 6mial{ prin o.lii d. ondoredw !
al]sildd8mici s mrsDci.
ln fu.!. de 3Er d. .rbon, badsiile pot 6 daind. h:
. tdotror. ("slf fEdffi) - @ folosc cq
BdaiiL auroroi. & ddoll! r. n dii ddDi& du ditr fltsldle mrgDie !i lnt.8u]
daiil ddu dre si dial po;ind.lfui & l0 COr. A .dolc,. e D.i nme lituf'
. h@tuhof. ' tr Mir.i sub6h . dsdie dtcpt surst & c&bon. H*r.nDftL @
nli nm* r {)lFmhf..
rtn mbi;fl c€lo, d.I! m6r llH d. o@e n sm d' srton itnild paN

27. Berdilo 0uohf. smr ttuii tib.rq n.paEie.
Btuin htut mt, i. gm6rl, badcii psuc. s. ctAifi.j h tucli. dc slle
dc mleul. ds&ie in: s.lrfilq @ tdie in nr6ii olgmid dt.lI in des@ ei
pezil?,m$ i n66&ui d. $he.F neniw & la o EEria vie.
vodi D0j6it D . tlfui tr +j roti hbg'i, poMmle g oinat.le sur
Bd*iiir pdogo. s *pbfir. o,niljoo& plbg6e poru m
chmoldmhfc Ada sul p&u:G + rd!@r .dp uj um.
Ii h.li'n d. ,i"1i ,"r'aad.l d. dseituln @ d. s{!* -r"6"1. '6ndd., dieditilq D6r'rnd nmic sI utiliu
'l@itu
pr.Drii & bi6inrd. Adfd-
brtuii t;ou piddlt m@imle biBi cli* r.* petrd o viqi tib.rl r.r&&i@i
P.ieip.l0 Id 8u.t d. *6on sd qrbolrntatii (& obi€i ai@it.), @ d
degaddc fi. !trin oxidaq 6. Drin f.mablio iadici &rI oriSa) a61e FB. nbiz..d
aEgjr. $6 fomn d. AT? (.d.ndin rifosf,r), @ 6r? m)pusul mivmol do sl@ r
Ale .ldd. n.@ psttru tbcliiL c.lubE st rcFrzde d. f6fo, sdf,
poi'riu 6lcit! -"s"du, fi6 (oft.ioii didici, tuldr & .ltui). ume dc oupn!
obili. mogm, zinc d ]rEdm a 3trbjriahi ai llu dira
r.ctod ollrnld tr.can Ntlnd b.d.rtd.
sur gmputi oigoici 64lrt e .u pot fi sint iia! do mjdihra bociaiitor, fiiod
relii splinabq qoaa4 d6i nmri in @riuti nj.i.
r 1. Ani'l@iri Mr obt'rnuti d€ bdnii dh p@n l. F @ ro s6* in n.diu,
l. pl iru t Ie {to8Drle.z! tuituri. pirl Ir Mhoeizi, rE vq 6 l|litiz4i itr
sinM probi!.lor br416im
r 2. Pdnd. { piriDidin t. mi p'EllMi d 4inlf D@Lici Fi @im.lo.
Pmd. $ pilmdmt. mr lM6ik D ruLtdde iia c d. r 6 ff.,potr In
. 3. vihnie M@ djdit{o
patu fo-@ .mineld
Tr.upotuI rnbr|ntsr,r rtrldv.
a b6@riil0 on por mt M Yilff ll@
L Un l. stdhF
'@ b.eiilor ut nololu nici, @ dinezi
2. Ucl. d,nu.!, imFriE uui grdiar d. M6t tiq d aiubiul lm
fus,od, oM aa8.do
3. Alb subshF Mt tulEine @i, @ difirad td
Euimd. tr &.ilira?_I re.g bllMmbnn&n 0 add motellc nei M
. Con$ibrilc (pode mnso
. lndu.iibile (,l.dlle,lmi t D,kts $t6!!i!tui)
m. Fr.rorfl nd.r e bnMtsrt .r.tba b..t ri.nt
30e?6 di. elul. baeiut Bi. a9tr uDjdide m.diuhi & i.dnpoltbin oqidii
bdaid. ti poai. fi u hd- d. limie 0 nusrrulDi d. hi.i6ij dinb-d d6it b.diu (&
d.@lur nm b0dcitrr.i ! r.gmmtului),
rliin o mibilior. difEin
'
i miqldgditueld h dBjce, dc dmrlu: x,i,3.rd
tw. ft?poum Nltr*D tut dp.d d'diE d.lips rF.
'r
sqlr,.ro
Sponi h.eiai @idi tue binc h tip& rp.i (ur fom. d. Mitui4, de

28. *mplur srdii d. ,err8 ,r,ia.n spl3vi+i6c !d. tO d. di.
MimrsMituL neaord're pot tupEvi4i d€i.{iii prtb o FioEr,l de c&va
&i, dlcn dd@ ft lE rpid d ompld, prcf@bil in t'mpd insh.l&ii !i halnuti ln vj4
lrk{ told rnchi,r. prdrir I! rdlaliw c6cE la ln6Eic. ale.tt. b@ Ijofilidni
C,Iiaz-dtlus), p]e foldir I0 @d'e ontuih bddi6. in lib@re.
2. cotrMnlg! lodllor d. h,droa.q pE-d
pn-ul s 6f.r5 h @dibra su dcdinibb aci $luii. Msionds bdaiild ce
iftn z.nr fuul4 eFrsn ie 65 ri ?,5.
pl]-!l .fliD patu b!6ii 6E 7.2-7,4, Gb fii.d l.sd de tulu!. ln ,so.i@ o
! C!k sp*n pot d@ pH-ul h @ alclli4 ,r6,b cr,leru, e@mpEopdr
r!. r (d. 9r), ?6h int@ ,i idari6c@ lui & dilizaz-a u iediu &
lnbosdtiE .l.slin (p6 Fpbrr.{).
. zdE eidi lr.robr.irtu (rm vuin li) @ prfcr! pE-ul dd (!H de 2).
Nes'rul de uiga nddlr diford la h'c16i
cainl.h f4i d. oxi8o u o ibpedt s.dici d@.biti ptu imb&a
onBpuEitu . culidilu di, plodr pdolog)e d. Ia !€.tmli. i! sDul 6.qhii
in nrn ti. dG nederl d. oriF, teiile pot n d8i6* itr 5 @eqii:
. Bst rI .tdd.aob. - $ ddofti nmi L Eedii o onsE, nsnn o4od r
ae.Pbr Ptu tidrDsa.
Exmple sur bd;il. din B6rle Mtflbd{i4 Dacil6
. ar.brn rdd uftb. ' Go @i iB at€€4! oxi3@ului; folo*c Do@I.
fasdtiv. F)tu c,ibe@ aasiei
Nu & flim de desDdffi r li:q (d.lazt, pdxidu), & i.@ onsdd d.
hic (in D,!al. e s-a lodDe H:q, d .f61 ioxjc).
Ei.npl. Mr bdaii din gsrlc Cr,r,iA'o, Boct@ida, Febdsi@,
Peptostup@, Y.ill ?1h.
ldoltldv r.mb.. @
potdaoltiid rtidit ocetui.
bsur nE6eA d. obtinub pin ernmuti. {u G',me
pramta s 66at oxisFuluj dh Dediq sht rPtId.E d.
. Btcl?rll udob. - ere.oLrrt. oblin 66Fr Fn tonnLlo, dir onSeul l'
d. dic. S. por d.aolt d in s.dii o oxism (S,El@ DUrd _ di! non
da!d0 0 plului ginsilal, inplioi ln pdoaa% di.i dtu).
Tdr. eim@imel. E!d@ .up@xid (cr. sup@xidn de bnc p.nh.dul.:
"6ln' .lcful. $ps.:idn tdui. ncutralial
o, + q'+ ,}l r H,or + o:
Pdndd d. hidFgo 6i. do ,sa]mi bxic p.nh clinc $ @buic
'ouhlid
BdaiiL sid,n ...,b. nu @edr: suDdid disubzt ( soD ) i erdazl
e dtuln in p@iF ua diii! nici & c(l' (5 20pl,
ddpL tu. BtuL1la s$, Neis.na
'w-
mtr bm ln peanF origaului. dd s

29. ffiHHH,t DLddqr d. qrn@ CO,
To.i. helaii| d mi. iL bili .. i6li d. c(l' pdru . c.tG d, & o5iei, &
dirpoibil 6DEdu&odhdim.
Moei8 is.L o dt*6 mi lafl s el. pcr@lj@ di, Ad & wdd
nuaidY e @i. d. cq (rcrp,
Tapdu re.ldtr 6 fr.rd 6&E iqtu d. r.di! oE iliuat.za
$lridic@tleiilq. s. hpar h fti 3ru0. F t62 i.kv€Iului Pllfell & t6Dr{.nrt
B.@iil. Fik flc (Eiofito) u o iapa$rl oliio! & lub 2(rC, du @ & por
dlzrch. ri b OoC tmpmd lI c@l oliE@ld @e I! *J.
. B..raiiL Mfre 25-40.C, E.jqid- b.ei e ibrlidc nr pdolo3ir uEi aln
oeofl. P.du izl@ ln Et nsdi dd3m ei taDdei de 37eC
r B..Liiih hofla 5t8cfc, dr dirri d b.d.rii @ s dadrl L r(XrC
(iab@), i4oriol d. tulet n qzul b!.lriild di. 4d. hn d ! sluik
qFs l. lmina d €*hia sl,i
6 PrsllE ob.d.t
or.ld ra 6r.6.dismrl d. d@r!i. {Mild dir D.diul & .kroltu.
Mr.jc !r.. bldEiild Mr tuoiolEut , e darotd ei birc L o d6fulic
Exc.Ctii:ud.beii@edadddibi@hFlditi&o'@Lribt .@rl'
m d dr@n {ndo6l.), Dalru. ce izdlc & lIiliz*I D.diul ch.Iln.o 6
AbEF heilii 6r. B L.ior frvlabil datttii diqwlnis.lc. Cnir hmi@
difrd dr zi roi{zl rup6vi+iE ba.iaiild. prrdl. dbiola. s o&d bldcioid,

30. Crpitolul V, M.t bol.Drl br.t .l.r. Cn c blo.bir e rtc prcdu.s[ dc
emrgi.
Folosin hmd d. m.uSolim ptu r n. rfdi l. brdiuk E4jilor chinic
Alr vibra m.hbohlr Er tmpd4iri u I dM it @4 c:)mF dbbol.m (@+,
& desrdmr, e ctibaw! mds,e. r anabot,m r e{i d. !incz6,. e dtr,d oogj.
h c€l'i' vi.! €qiile cbiBie ii @ e onhii! subsrrrt simple L Doldl.
mpla. poirn rlml. d. drbolis. Este 3dd urFislul pod oElrda o.Jul.ra.
A6t sqii .lit€raz-I apa ii d6ir! @iq
R@Eil. chhrr Fn e ompu' oiEm,ci otrpt.q' ilr @h,tj s
mpli rpqind @bohsul l, @ Ed' 6r f.t6iE rs @ o d6fG
.qidie ti 6c .libdra aEgs chinid s@tt ln nolot.te olseie.
cnplda lwtiilor ce !.ciu tusi. $ s elo, @ clib€lwr
F! ATr (ad6oreif6f'0.
ATP ialgEiraz, maxtu podu!5 din ri4iit. allboli€ ,i de .libdr, @j rrrzju
h uqine Dlborj@ o molEulr de AI? 6G fdr.dn diriH bold,r d. adcnir4 o
od@li de nbozl $ lt i gtupfi fosfsr. c6nd gnpul hiIst losfat p de dEfi.ar din ATp.
* fmazt AIrP !i s.lib@r mqieu,libd tn e.liile an b.lic.
ATPTADP+P+dasie
Enaaa E dE din @iiiL dsbotie 6ic folditl pah cebin@ ADp o u
sDp rsfd petrh a 6id.tia ATP-ul.
ADP+P+@.4i.+AT"
Acd aN4r de Ec!' opr& 6k ,@ hD.nm poh d mteutr d. ATp t6e,
E l,ire m'bolie !i @bohe
aror o pde din masia .liba.li ta eeholio 6te dispojbili pah 6nsliile
Eldm, o prd. din 66sie de pie'dD& ln mdiu sb fomn de c{dlrt Est df.l nsoi.
drinu! de loi slm d. tusi. ardr p6rru duu
c.iil"f, BTocEIMIcE ALE PRoDUcaIEI DE ENERGIE
O'sm,scle pr.dr $ shi@i magi. di, nolcul. ssuie prinb o strj. dt
e4ii dtulda Patu 0 *t6se emryie din mpuli orguci {i Ftrh a o nM in €lulej
(ltuis.l. tuftrn oltul de ld u onpN ls sltul prink{ saie de m4ii d. onde g
RBtx). d. ordcr.dueE
OxiLre EplEiltl hldlrm d. eltui di.r.{ motdlf, i, nut. e4ii d.
onda. eluhr, Mr iininel dmulh 2 eleni i 2 jmi de l dr.Ca; Mr. ehivd@n
o ind.E&e
'
2 d@i dc hidoeo.
D.oile mjdrara sqi d biolosie de oxide iDpli.a pi.d@ rbito d.
biLo8qt,
'l:td
Mt n@i. sq,i d. d.nidregffi.
D. ddglq cili eidul l.ctic dD ondrr pmrru a fomr eid piflvio, eidul toctic
Chd u Mpus pni! .l.cEoni s rhi d. nidDsd a6l Fcd s ,Mer.
Edll@. Adfd, !ne$l d. r.dum 6E m qnis d! eldroi fi 6te opusd oxir,&ii.
Aoidul pi ic chtiBi 2 rrmi d. hdo8a (r.d@) ri Hdii eidDl ladio.
fidaa ti rcdu@ Mr FG. @ple, de fiffi dld cald o $b€d{d Btc
onda!6, o !I! s6s4n 6E simultar redrri CuplE s.dc @qii fomdzn uidc

31. Clnd o suhtuF e uidda, ihii & iidtq@ .lib@li nu t&$, Iibai rn eluL, ci
Mt tmf.!! indi.l d. cEta .@in ci@u nr gnpu.
sutdq.le eE pot c+. viG4 @silor olini€, fiir . fi dbe, w nme
crbliahi !.zin.l. tu qbliddi sp..i6ci, 6@ wiDn vi af.cb ]jlei sbtuh]l
rpcinc $bstuile sd tuldrl. c a.tio@, hi!{ lMii n 4i. chihid. acd&
sketui drhini qEincic tuii.ld.
Urol. dim sbt ijrn& t lnhBihe di! pdim. Mdto @ioo ,!n fl!l1@ din 2
corpolorq o n!4iu. Dstdcl nmili 4oa2iq ri m ..rrDdar r.pollic, nmir
6fetu. AFaziD, s n@!@azl duld lnd?pin.g ofidddui. C.fi.iorul pooL f u
im m.&lis sD o ml@ln oau,cd @pld4 ,miit .ffii@
ceEim.l. ljuta aiDr -c-Ird rlmii hknrqi & D. slhd s donind rr@i
e srn.cei tubtulli. MuiE ordine d€ivl din vit nirc.
Dou! dift MirEIc cal. tui iEporrr o Ir EcLbolimul elDLr Mt NAIF
i.j@1imid idai. dinucldid) !i NADP+ (ndi.mid d6in diN.lotid forir} ADtii
.@ru{l @nlir dqimt ai v,Ldei B dd nididq (niaiE) !i mbd. nbclim@l s
@itr wid. in hd.p&i'e iorilfi d. hidsBa ri r dtuna heroDn fona, tui
d. nidosa din srbtui i k n@stil b 6qii ul6i@ rlft mtdule.
lnzih.l. ffi ind.pa,.e!z! olomji d. bftogo dbtu mlmL s. m
ddldrDsec !i llllrcul e nmet ddideEre
C@in l. flivinie, q lr,flr (lhvi, lm.ldid) !i FAD
(lavirodai.ditul6iftl) dli, ddiiili ai vnbi@i B ftofiivir! !i Mr ihDotu nr
lw{n foiodnrdi€. Ac.d. @ine 6dclinszi i t @qjn. & befei d. hi{Lasa
inpEDr 0 ddi&og.@la
c]E-im A (@A) mlir. ddiv4i d. Eid p€tuhic, e 6& o .tU vihi B.
Ac@ra @iDi juc! m sl iDpo'imt tn sinrat ii debEq srisirnd i htr. si. d.
oqii d. di,!r.
'ruin
siclul Kr.hs coA * udlidr i' E qiil. dec.,t.d&
NAD| ti NADP+ Mr doIt @iDe aadn uiUzr. d. dtuL pah r!'srornn
Cid NAD 6E i.du li NADH Mr crgiloti 2 imi dc hi&og6 qi 2 .1tui. rnv6,
cind NADH Bio oxi&t I. NAD, e Diad 2 imi d. hidora !i 2 .leroi
D. rqidi d6F. sqiib d. ond}'Edw 6i. d ondla d d. oti€i o rotie
Cddelc !!rio $btul.l. aftili*, md. sird o rw d. aEsG, !i le
dcg tdi din 6pui tulr Fduti o Duti tui d. bidn!.{, tn .qutrli b ond4i (o
ouu, !|oni d. sism u l€Itui ouliiph),
D. q.rplq .lnd o .€lull qid.r, o ml€uli dc glud-i C.Hlp6 ln Cq !i &O,
sreia din nold,r de sluwi 6to lndrpttuit lr.16 9i, in ff.,I, prdu$ do A1?; ATr-ul
qto o sNi & adBie Dah Bqiik e Eiri aari. (@oria .tibdat! tn ffid
E4iilor & diLE d p'Elurd b irlEidul elulei Fin SrDlE do ATP),
Cmpqn lrtu ilu@r, ce e ultiahi &tnhog6,d..quiitn lri.duli,
o! !d Dri Dull! a.ai. eohldi delt Mpurii orjd4i. Artftl. il@ 6t o
e@ nuldtivl val@rlDah (I@ieq
CATABoIISMUL CARIoEIDR]{TII'R
Ptu mjdii!@ ni.tueojtuld, s ui M Ddt a GBj.i eue do
oblinuf prn ondle 6nohdr.tild. C.! tui uriliz{ sn dr dnohid4i dt .!h eld.
6L gllea dr biordruisd. po! & a6ka 66olizr pDi.in. !i liDnL. Pah

32. p'.du.dg mdsiei din 3l@zr, niME im.l. 6l@ doDi pm€e Gpir4i' ti
lb'ndr4ia. 1n dbele p,r)@, .l@nj p'otu+ p'i ond'B slu6z.i ! pEluli d.
kimul stldiu al 6p,E1iei i al fman+i.i Bb rtpltat dc oxid@ sl@i I'
&id pituvic A6h Bie p:1x€d d. sliot t
.. CU$Uzr dq dsbi€i, pisul sudiu td obholimd @rn lidr1ild, fiind
'runn,i cdo Blnbdd-Mrlqn f. Prin sliolizl d@a 16 lMi d€ cd.n) de ddfioE in
z!b@i fl 3 riomi d. rto ii pce .liba6rdu{. o6!r.
A6h zhffii Mt .roi oxidd. ii @joi. poh r flmr 2 nol*ul. d. eid
piNic. Dr!sd6i, h tinpul 3li@liz.i NAD| e EdB h NADII i s pDdu 2 ftoldn.
dc AT? lin f6fdil'g tubstltului. Gliolia N tresitl oila, p.d. apde L @.ditii
mb. ri Mb. A@$ col. hdlbolica ffil. id{ se,u. dr z@ E!+i ctimc.
fiffi .or.lial! de o cr,mi drfain.
b. $mtul p.nrM rar.{ror
Mulr. bsctai !u o csl. altuivl rdilionau glioli,a !.nbx oxidm slmlr.i
Acl@ & oreqb crl* pabrc fGfrrilor su tutul h*oa Famf.sfrlrld ri fu4ione,zs
Fmiaza hijlde pab dcffipu@ polozelor (zalmi 5 rhmi i,. 6rnon)
st s sl@zci Din ondda ud nd@lo d. Bluozi Edl.l o holelh & ATP A 12
Bafriil. @ utilizezn c.le paM fosfslrlo suni: Arc,rlB r!6114 toli
Imwbc ws.nt id*, st p@famtis.
c crLt tuh.FDddorolf
Ed. dl! ..1. t6h oxidm slDozi lt &id pi vic. Di!h4 mlali d. d@zn
sr p,ute 2 ru16n. de NADPH $ o Mleull d. AT? Badsi . @t pos.d! in
pah ..@in colo poi Dett liz tu sli6[, eu cdq p.nba fGf.lil[ A@r, sl.
pd. fi lrrilnir! Ir sdn Pr€d,m6 d, h gosd, nu onni la beiil. Cm pdiiivc
DDpn d€onpu@ Slte.i l, cid ,i vio, lch pd. Iu clla femablei $u
Gpin$.r. Resrn4ia d. u pl@ etu d. ATP, in @ mrugii.hinici I oxid.!
!i ae.piofll nnn de elelroni 6b lroop. tddd6lD o bolmld @auic.l .el ei
tcvmt q. Acidul ptuvi. prcde prin gli@liz[ d. diviat $ 6 6!eMr d. ltt r d. o
@iml nmir, @j6i A (@A): @mbiiali' s nll@b a.etil@-d
Ael oA itri rIoi It ciclul Krtbs, Epr€ad d. o si. de reli t, @ sur
.lib@! eltuni 9i prtuj. Eleironji .lihasli io ml eli@lizi dibui. la rdtrlE
dioA @ in ciou r@bs mr tali mleulcld NAII| s FAD. Aljda podi!
d@tuii.a&e lutul d.lr@l de.ltuni, und.6t folmr AI".
Unele bafrii pol deSEdr oriB mldll dedicd h inryul Bpinlrei. Moldlcle
()@ie ur ondd. mpld i' Cq a hids36, 6ti10@ d. A1? p. ndoll6rc null
mj DE in pn.dl d. ,!3pioli. da in c€l d. fmdrqi.
in pMd d. Bpiolic, in smad, &!.ptml 6od d. tidbgo d. ongBul
mldnn. Ad iip & Bpir4ie e .mefr. Gpinli. i.idr[
Utr l. bdaii p.s.dn o res,iBlie llrifuta ln 6c accsphl fin l d. ii&osm (de
d.e'o!i) * o nolould @srni.n, de qdllu tjh! sulfrr, c{t id
n6prE!. ambd @ln in:
IrlFn de tuBpd. & dtul

33. ctdrr xnb3 m ddul eizilotr iricatnilid . FFEad d. o Gi. d€ aqii
tio.lisie id @ o cd'@ tle d. aasi. lora|i.ll ei. sio66 b ,ibrn4. ilfu.die
d{ivrr. din &id piiwio, a.r3i..litard p.l o pB
Irtsl .L rrup.n d. d..fod .d. ftirb, did{ ld.4 d. @Lon 6ia
.qibiL do onde ti Ed|@. P. nirri o d.cn6ii k* Ddn l&t &.lihsE",r sgi.
.e d. folBir.t to catu AT?.
l, Gei.fr t66r elahd fii.l de GlodEi d lelului 6r. o:iraIl. ln r&ir*n
'@bl
.o.trord frn & ddfui d.6 idryit uqr'icl .lt! &o& oxir.dr.
Or LG 6rdl d. iffiibill in uh.l. bFr iLEFrF.
h €lul.L @ioia lofll d. borldt & dtui * slinu & n@tru
nbi Eft@dilu. k oddd. prEflior. & g&.{. tu ndbre pldici-
Sd 3 clB d. dolaL uiEl
! Flr@&in. (nivi!@uolotiiL FMN
. ubhrinfu (@iro)
b d@ul r.pi!4i.i er6. dintu *le ni do Slu@r! & FldE 33 d. mlanL d.
n .DlElt .Di.li
^@are!l
ful d. detmi .d. o ot hF dorEbid Jb d..& odsad, &
d@lu: d6! rit4 Ei@n
Dtar € dtM e d.*rd b Did pidvic! lGL po.i. lu ela Epinlfi u
. dibml d&. dr: ,t@i, -rqi-, eiz @id, rim !
pidmidi* (doldul d. dtui, 6iDd ebiol.lo c8rne)
t a lmitl dto, cidu Krdr su l&t&tmet & ddMi
. Iol6.i.s@dE,,ie6!.c4enuld..lecrtoi
. prodr c.rtuli mid & aT?,
'll@i
@ u 2 tuldr. ldu 6*
mleula d. mt6i.l idurl, dffi 6 @i @ prio dh 6{rio rtah.
id l€irEn! cbiBi6 d. plld[liha 6nni o: .ddd ltdio s otelul

34. CrylloluM. G3rerio ba.rqiul
G.tr.do de iiinl. @ $dida d.djhh4 tusilora rcldiv .ebiu 3
ploDricl4ild 6ddi.d6. tnt{ sll6is. de gEdlii. 6ndio abni'r tuil.e
infms!.i smdi@ li v6i4ia ad.i!.
Tork idrulirile mofrmib smt 6dt6de i ADN
Gddo b.derlrl
shrdid sadicii bloifridc r $t Io b@ sludiului !@dic n sodl d.@ od'n
6 c*d.inllrcvi..
rdul d $n bi6i @ M m tuD d. Fmoe de )0 minu. Lde ermplu E
or,, o;N slrdi'l] ru nm$t mm de !o.ftt',ln riEp fMn *s
TN.@dedal. r'ffi@melo'er' moQmE. oceb trlJd.
. I@i r .sl;eisticile 3tuL (mrrolosB)
. Rastiile biocbini@ (dbolimd)
. c!p&iet!. d. s idanctioo @ aI. dicneleisc
c;ohsricile Mr busis su@t ro Fn sa., m mi uii4i al. mddirlului
Cr ace*ia vi]l&ild A!.N, r..lo niM€nisd. .n infdn.lia sfldicl iMi'l
Beiilc d don rildi d. ADN, e oDlin s#le le ADN momi't $
adclmomiol (ddmide).
FQ lE nd de o mlella iL ADN Nlr, drblu h.hcoddl.
Mokia de aDN e u djjsnm popnr c'Fi c'sui in dmpr ocldu eluh
rbnD&c.H rdubrlg, !i lEsi.H utomaEei & p. ADN pr AIrN'
'roul l* . -*.1*u *p6i do uinli rFtriv. .@r' tru'Lorrd'
Fie ruldlid .si. nc..si di;b4 tzl aahta, e 8rup fothl $i u z'h!
Bele Fr 6 DEid@ s! tiritidini€:
. ?uiri@: ,c, G (adoir4 stui)
. Pinnidilie C, T (oiftin4 timind)

35. ADNd o.lul& blcrai& disri srb flm, ! 2 letui & ,u.tdid€ d&ito hiprad
(DaEdi & be) r.lN ! firm u dblu h.tir.
Fi6e Lnl e o Lgdui hlE u zlba dediv i @ snp ft6f, (3.tda z!r,
Ai6@ ana 6i. .rqr dr o hua letol,. C.t. 2 ldFli M d{sl. Fi. I.!in!i d.
hidDt6 hb c.lc doul toE ee
Corylmr.dta. ta.ror.
Brzr. & lnlpslolwa !!oi6c:
. Additriut loido@ @ Tujra A1
. Cibziu inrork EecMh4CC
D.idjd {nrara-hiti$i h,z,t6, &.! & oerf. $dr Euj l6t, * po.r. rti
stu.n@ Ioplui oo@laMb
- €Ldoui altr ilcmlcd.i d.ADNdqpld6i&
- Lsituil.&hidro€o e. €d$ld f,eln d 6e o dD.nd ridila
Deli dis6 e6 l@ 3|.bili@, eL ? l,oili do ADN s. !d *16 $6 itrIul!
leadie"d.d6f!4@'.
srDtur Lntuild p@ii. o c.L 2 latei .€pte ii. ADN sl wer dl't rips
pdtriu EDlicec o @itii r iLua Eolerl. & aDN fiie.
leiri d. tuldid. d &np[rtd. (6idne J' cr6 ],]
5'
5'
3',
a
1'

36. codulF..ridodot
ia,r i-." *.
-n*'
L *'drs bddo pmtue !' p,-id oie c' romer
hl deaDN ( odol sb.d. d.
'epraur
d. o slll€m. d' c'dJri
-
i-,;- *;*.. r"--; u codoo (i odd 6E
'ep.*'rrd'
s hprd d'
Glohd.r $ n..& ..do codifilr'
P..lio @dmid rn
'htu gro
' *,, -" ti'-r
"d".*
codoul $p' erel 'cteob
i,,a. a. r".'au
-a. a"*
Codmii codificn Pah
C.dJ 36ctc 6e u @d dc 3
rimoid) qr ul*Nd (in ror.
Smta oddilor ce
mndi uu mimlcid @ific Erini 20 de mimci'
i-.. ri*. a"e-*ri' (*i -.lt d" u .rdon p6tu nffie
.Ddifica mimacizii ud p,otine 6mdz! o sda
-6d
uid , de NaLe &!a lme, ! abile
' @. 'rI1]M._
d.odifior'ara Pd 'loJ'r1fufrf,{, rDNinu:
i*. xi*;"* q*n .*g" Ax"
. nRNA: odon (gmplmad odnui ddu,l ADN)
- llNA: sri..don (mrl ab c.doulu)
- &*.ii Jr"j *J a"o .'bil ,6h c. por s! ap'rd nodinei in 3*61' dc
.Erdide ij€ @ d.hind sDai!
#;;;i ;; ;s*- * "" . ,.'omri' e cod"r"r hr ffi{'ere 3'r'
r4aD$ pnpnddih poradal._.
rJ"p. *
"
,
'"
pr"p"*til.csqmG. q!'n* ffhlholebdm'lo rr r
--]"lc-a nor-,'rai, e"".tipd 6b o 6l@1ie d' sm' (idftsul ADN)' i{ fmnpnr
il'i-.l'r"
",-*.t r *,r- t"'r.s c-m.,r .{. ,e*dr de rr* 'rul
gmdic
n -i',, l6ani*. r, ,pa tr , dr pos.nr a mirr*e de p..hi de bu' tr I
A'r,.l,J-.,ai.". ,oto*- * ,* de.n dn".u@ er L Mffiim'' d' A^D-
rlxmd,mxnsh! l0% din loldul eluld
- *'i.li".i*
nor.-", o,*, obFd@ dnu{ rru'i d' AD p,-@r' 6 obrinaq
'
*";;;;
*" *p,* rn ele d'ua tmM de ADN dutl! heli'd&le rur
-r---".
- t.r**p."iE m,hlr pdn padu@ 6r al' ldl
"*-ril..[
^oi',r",
i*p-. d6ia; i "ad,- cct- eJ' ukm de aDN
ldd i.pL@ ADN ap@ la niv.lul toEullt'i d' Ep['rE'

37. N_(ld&h lib* plar. D oroplrmt { d @bim o hzct. apu d. p€
clh aDN p.m6t( Dr.. p. tsnrtr msu0l 5. riD hinr rtuci D. mut hl ;6 id6;,,p. r&Fr @&d s@@ F luFi m cib4
, -. .Dupd
,liriE Mtdjddr h dod @rpttub. AD !.tt!.'u & at{rd d.
, C.h dou @e d. ADN-uto p.Er, ,e td dBfE ,n .fule p6h , Fucd$, d. mi N.tdid.. apo qhr p4*dr rmsnallr, nN dai ,iddidr r:6id)
tkoee 6@ mur mteJr d. ADN dubtu d Mrix o dar 6!inrt, s
m m forun plIE, Ephc&I' * nmq( r.DtroF ,.d.M;.dyr. - '
. vdeJr & AD pebl.,lchill dj. doua @ onrl@. d{
'mhrd & ffi d rclr. d. -i4@ (di!
'd
d. !!d@ J qiqrtu ;rtr o,
. Piee f6fd Ir sn ut atr. fo.6r a, A-DN-da & d.{d d. @6oul ,, d lru& p c.pdnd I d z.trllni urrbr Bu s4rd E
't !a?,r d. d. c&6mul ct,. D!.r
tu rodn ab{ * d6frdrr d. !4jllH ej @ tu ADNi' e o mtaunnEa m g.& t twl E ffn. b Evdut rbqutui cr ,l z.h&ulrj
. c.parrl @ ft r sn9 fod{ aqd d. q,bout c5.il abBtu. * ome&
. Crrilul ce N u snp hnnDnt dll d. cr,t nul C3, rl anautui e ruer.

38. Dibnn .dbirdrii ccl6 doui l8'fIi d. ADN, u lml d diaEa 5 calrt 1',
dl.d.dioLi3 ctuE5'.
C.l. doui 6!60 ul ldDn.bra
3
3
3',
f 5
5
r)
5&68 mtpd'l.lMJEtdl E!hu@. aDN din@ po*
'1,p,
m, Mle&
riairli dou ldausrndu.le c.pftfti 3 . D.
'.@
lmFn .:!s& nlfui in djEqio 5
drt..ADNe@&prcdlc ml b dlred. s' .tft 3'.
Ctud netlil. d. ilpli(m & nitcn dla lunsd moleulei de ADN p{6nd, c.L iiou.r
hi tuu foieL Gc ln modui difdir..
! Cdoi Dearda onmt.l! 3' ..ft 5 E nd.i. oLm p*tpdr GrdI4 it. rd)
ircp€i !natit poEuo.olntuttinidial!@nrinuuiddileli05 cIhr'
. Clh D!d.l[ dialli, 5' cnft 3' e nmere .6r dd..a Cl4dna
rtud"), i{ nou! @l6i w n sidaida dls6tinu din n!€Mr. ce t*ui. ri &
u6!ci Frh ! fo@ u lml mri u
b nivd fmlikl de Edi4 ele doun oia. prmbl. e d6f!. sub rcliu@
. P@h siDra dari fiiE @trplm @ dtui p@irl. Drincipal. ("lerdin8
stad') ituine ADN p.UD.'E * d{.z!ruI@ii&
'ditioo.lc
l0 apitJ 3'
. P6!tr si a Br*i fi€ mpldoh da.i seun&E (,Jarging stud')
i.ldim o trirna nmi$ A.RN potrrM
L AnN polid@ ho.?. 3inra 6e*!l nlgnEnt de ADN I ldldui l€udt
'jeul
md.l6 ARN ('rilEi Ar.)O Meiihlilr din trulotidc AIN
2. aDN polii@ dfir& Fmdi ARN, 0roi disd Dinqii ARN $i ii
lilmie& @ ADN
3. ADN lis6 idchidc n4ffi&1. oru*i {mil. 6aeBmb & AD}.[)
R.plkn{ ADNd.l 6b ntl.Mn.dv.' .d. dour ..r.N P EDrrl lt E
@rRI irnd.ln..L dooa ml.dl. d. ADN lxc.. cd. doul Do&.Dr. rdl lddile
Ltg.L !i ld..d6.r p.mhrl

39. . Blo.lrb p.o.d!.lor
E+ p:@ul Dnn @ hfo@tt di' ADN et. l]mf(]du in pbid&
ffildi divie €lulaa
sirr@prd.in ldrE liazilddoua a.F
l. Ttureda / TMipFi infroliei Sadi@ dtu aDN id{ mldu do aix_46.3d
). Tm'!6 r'Edlllrg ) . sdlcl tufma ufmlF.i mFnd. in ssF d. ARN
h6!3- b ;6p & lJlllm.i, fdnald o tdan - la dddblvmih_
Il.1. Tnd.n.B / tu*riDf.
. Infmrio rdid din ADN d. copidl s teqisa idi s6E ii. 6e
mDl6 E. a ARN aitul! folo'.lt infwqr codifqrr i0 A.RN megd pah
a edM @bM l'.d6cl F! pl*d d. lffibe..
U.lo! n aDN dui 6c urilid o t'rpa poh r sinuiI, u la4 mplmotr &
Edrd!dpun&AnN:
. AltN d*sE' cod 6d Fh p'Drde dlin. I b@ rodm)
. A!l{ nbozaorl : fmaz! p.n. i,r.stu6 din nbo@i, nrtidi! celdod a sinbi
Nrae dtin. nhdmul 70 s
. AR d. M"F imph{r in suM psrildc t] far millMa'cih nhomi
@h sin@ lDlsnelor; d!rc e!..n n : scrali & 3 he gmDlmd/l,{
ddduhi &p.bxxA)
Dtftdt.Lbt
^DN
y' AnNl
- ARNei.-'fuM
- ARN zihsn e riboa
- mFlaeile bd.lo 6r. a u (addinll@n tn le d. tisind)
Pre$l d.llnlMiplio:
Utr lul dt ARN m.esE e sinldi2{ fol$i'd o porliw d. ADN cd'nd (o lau
3F.ind) dnDl tip6. Irf@Fd gocdcn li@$ in :s.nts dc b@ !zod. a aDN cai.
ffiir str l lr.&
'...qi
tuf6q,. 4oE ln wvaF d. te 0 AXN:
. G' ADN dr.tBz! c-aRNm
. C- A.DN djski G-Al.}{n
. T- ADN didazt A-AltNm
. A.ADNdda.U.ARND
?l1Ial dc @iplie E lkrcic & o diDd ,miil axx polimrua F o mda
Nlmi u ldt & ADN sd.tt dtDt tipd pah sinM A!Nm, @t dmindw
lel @ ld C"@ ,tmd'),lannn ,nim (etsaF tud ) fiind Mpl@ad ld$rlu
R.dua Ede AxN Dolio@ $ la3, idirl & ADN so nD.& lrn proeror
(r,mG 3ird ), ll sd Dir.l ln.Drld a prxarn d. lM,pia
TMip{' e lisrd.i rt o Do(iw ! wi cdo. AD @ oprinde infdrulir
p.ndorrlld'LcstiaD -d, ARN-d 6& sinuid ln diiEli0 5' de 3 .
Portiua d. aDN @ @diaz! Dudr & i@in@ ("ad poiri) p@h
tasdiD!. .d. sihl h @ AxN poliDdu i loiri noladffi no foro.L de Axx
Apoi h.nn & aDN d$lu erqE & ftfae.
h curud.,l"lofu.f. ledd D-h tinta prct lr.lor.ta.ta b ADN ah
ltmDlra AxN Edrd n dnd turnf.I

40. En plrcul pon lm ssaF t€rlor dt din ARNb didezi !..uF d.
..difid in ARNn. P. 6@ mlq I d. ARNI .xisri o pdli@ 3Dd.lt fmltd
s de 3 Mlod& ,mit! Ilkodoq ffi e .mpla*b cu odsul FtD
hjtir. cr!€fuI 5' al molaLi & AftNa * asiri o 6 tibm (s€nid link.i
&lommn Mdn 6 ARN 3Dei.l nmn aRNr { prfinnc
FiEe ;tm 6G forn.t din 2 eubui&li. b ireDuhn tuhi.i c.L 2 s!5Bit{i
dui r u* o AXNm, i! cnoplNan ur 20 mirci, difaiti e pot p!:tiop'
lrDqts inMk o ,Dlnl)a.a pohMF c q ua$i p6N
'
fom o pnrani fl
.riv.lr pin
'hteg
d. Axx tufa (ARNo. Po@ fi..e np de mi@id eftl!
A.drlo rrlro dlo.: ei]r@idul rpcific r ib9@ do ARNI asi6c
Fr. iDsotiii & o uisl d,vrloe . min@inh $ 6qgie din A I?. Fic@ 5.,
:, Etoride r alNb lnMir odo.) sDo,6cd m sireu bimsid. aRxi'dt.lL"
h dbfld tul,lid, Mcod.oul us mddd. d. ARNI
Ir dc F ARNd. clpl3E.odm€dqid t a. lMd
D{! e enhu ARrr q rlrrmeidul eau * 0rr!,zl dr ARrln & ..ddul sd.
s Di$i dd lusd hnnu, d. ArNo d ! {tou ml€ult & ARNi s
idd sIu s EUE in p.zitii lab rl doiL. 6do.
c.i doi ui'ein sa lffi 6i!f{ log!turl plDridic! ri Diituur AXXi e ddr*zr &
rXrh Moldla d.trr.li d. A!.Nl ,o!& !E$d dr diMil ,peifi.! 6ffi
d. aflJlr p.6r. 6 tolorir, d. @i Dulr. fi.
u, codd oeiil, .odo.l .top dir axxa nmir nm lae c.dm (N speiid nici
- ai'fuit) s.]mlEzi tmiua lqdIi poliporidic ii 'Bb
eL .Iibar d. &
Ribdmd r rra,$ lD cel. dru hitlF al. sd..
hrid. q dbomd c r d'cl d. ! lmsul ARNd M,d.@d bashlr mi eo.,
-.h ibohn, apo, olhl, e lor rb$ !i inc{. tuliti @luitli ARNI Altfd n@
-ldia d. ARND po€1e 6 tuhbli sihultu td Doi nult @leuL pobie. cmbi!4ji
blui ARNm o m m'nF nbozlm potd 0Mal. & pollrlho,,Dr
in 6nclu.. @ prcEndd 06La o uJomali gdid dn ADN si 6e mi
-I llmf.rali AIND prit-u FG nmii t!Ncip1i.. Um{i predll d. tula!.ln
& ARNo m'dw l, astlae dinwinld hi!-u poliperid.
AItNm $
'rqs.zt
& u ribom 9i Alxr lilrwi din@iai ARNI orfom
...@lm6l6ri!r p*cnild d. b@ tlc codoilo i uric.ddild- Ami,)Mizii $ tM,
sur 64 d. coddi pdibili (ln fD+. d. gvaF d. be ln Axxn), de nE@ 20
-i@izi Ad lm lrstul. o @joile mileirld mt smnni4i d. mi F f
..do.i dta rivi Sitstir r..ri! nlml. de d.saffiala . ..dului 36dic
Dn ei 64 dc .oddl, 6l sl codoo s sq codifi.t Mimeizi. I Mr odor fi'r
B(m :d) si.i !tuli2.rd smr'fln]l lini*i ioldl.iproLie
C.d@ii mngs Mr UAA, UA6, UcA. Ei sqw o sn L h di]]@ sin@i

41. coddul rh de auc. i.ilrsd sil]b Dst ir.lu, Bb d. lsddj c.dolul
pdh n risi'i. MdidiD iniliil! d. d. obiei lIl[Mt uhaid, tdtol h.ni N
pr.t i..l. sl in r4a omodm,n&
r. coddd.nn de brdd (auc)
2. n$Moll d. doqE & d.9L}2i dd lurEd AXNI
3. T.rub.ru D@rhl: oddrl
'rd,p
/ p.nD.pdd.r. db.* d fomd d. roa
. ;lRx.
-.
rb" $d cm roe.,t ritr@if 7()3 l.rd .P.E .h@
. lni( rdrfrl.'lro..t l dft nbmrl Pdtn tbta: pbtir.lor
v.rr.ll. g@d.r n brd.dr
M@im.le m de I' vdaii go.lie &81:
. r!rub!. - po.L fi 3ponhl eu irtuli (d.66i 6tici s drmici)
. Ttuftnil & lfui.l ea.lic i'hrin&, d rali@ E.i Mur&i 3o.li@
. Mmixl. laeind nod'6crn d Mtr b6ald ir ADN (,1lrG c[md I
Mffile M v6i0re h @ w u Dli DdE bE. tL ADN ed 3tliot{c
Modidct€*lr.uD nMnbrd,rtErlhli
D.ft.tuj Sr*ic po& dtuin.:
l|.@pllBdui&t leiplie
, !Iq@ sMFi & mi'Mizi a E ipr&in,G.n p'dul w, e@
Mdliil.por6&3tiDr:
l. slbrdtutL d. bE o usui t€za . iblmin d b. Ikmini substtqn lNi
@imEid id Dtteir! sinr.6atl.
,{. Tmdn : h css Drr@zldi.rl@ pdnci / piriDidinid
GC & tohi0b! ln AT
a.Tusdt : eial!6Duiricn/PiriDidinide ilhll
s; 6E d d odd idade (dop) id nijl@il lellui de ArNb. a?rinl sinld! de
potaE nrsFon L (s rirl.liazi doa u Elg'mt d. pdcioi).
3, Munfb ..dtrld ri..rrlrr
3 D.rir.: Disd@ @i be o i mi mult b@
38. bEr& ! wi 6e di$dn
Mrqin por63FnE $ ind!&d. u mull3E
Mr.gdii pol 6 onidici 6 fizici (ndialii ultEviol.r., ndiqii XI
rlltuF 6.nud
Ro nu$a BE plDbtbilida @ o gEr d suftE o mub4. l! orsJ diviluii
Mur.4il. spdr$ o tqEF r.d$i ur dui,s6 po.b e.$. nE @ts E@qiild & Ic

42. & Tru,|rur s.&dc lt brbril
s. rcferr ra shinbDr de sm rnft doul moreurc de A.DN pah a fomr a noun
obicli. de .m. idu mmoam.
& $ mblid, ltrtitu g.ddicl fivorirua apaitia diGiratii, ffi 6t sus
Tmf@ e plotue tuci .8nd lirsD6r. d. ADN bddjm qos6 sur
-ubi. int{ eui E arom, 6
hmlhl de ADN *osm pde n mmzonial sN plGmidic. Tmsf(r:rlt-E 6r.
-rtt
pin nodifi@ dd @tu alc baei.i Erp6. Fl@dF das6m&ilo'
conjDsm dre ,rrffiisd el Dai inporhr prir tr bdmtlq tn s?..isl
-.6daine,
acniziidad troi Ba.. ADN
'rl
plsmidic de tulat de la o eluli
rh h o el'ni E€pbr p,T inhcdiul uui pil sual Fffi pilului sul de
dss d. sm pleidid tu Co.jug@ e cfds, rh i'h.di!l plehid.ld
-otc
Ac6@ tumit i, 9o6.l cil!ful & MiMta flli d. D Mhit dp d.
iiic (r/6,ids,t) slD
''l:tmir
u r'di 'Jc
*t {pti,lpl1 ldet.4
Doun &hh bdtritr: w r+ (,,14,4 n rrb F (,.?rirra) E apirDc r prin
'ul
p' rlor s. ral,za, onh dinm c€le doq{
s. ccui u oml Ein re & w tusfEa linir o cfui plmidic! adf.l lncil, l,
Db.le c€lule w 6 F+ (/,7rcr./
e pokL Eepbn ,q6ci pmh .i
Ap& a@i c3nd 6'.Cndt l. d. ADN momid ur tuslftre mei .lE
ii prir i metid uDr bdriofa&
Dfu! ,ur ellEu 31. b8@iilsetur alcrtuii drelt
. c.p: f@ai din &id nwleic ADN dubh (Md, ADN
monoer@ rcidul N.leic et fn@imr de u inwlir Droteic nM epsidl
. coad!: de b n$ epl I'mjur dc o r6ci (inwli!) Mlrd,li
. Iludebrr: ominco i-i e DrcdM lia D6.dui bddia eluld
. Pe ple d. b."-i s. 6xe?-r te fibrc ale ori d tse c-irlrs€ @ 6xs2n 6sul pe
Elrrdii sreifici iG p€ $pEi. titui.i
Erisll rpclficlbre bft brdrt tl brctoriof.s bdsiofu fixedD s nu'i p.
t lii e 6x€i F h..tn. N plae dc bui, liz€, p.dele tockim, mrgia
eii @ii { ridul nELic 6te injdr itrd. ArP trl r'sir dffi,n 6nM+a

43. in qlinle pd qje dou.i cictui:
Acidut ,uct.r nln 0tu@ tn ohplto0 $ dnr6a tdhs m.uh.trmJl cdutErplf,rura Ddcirjulu b@of!g,c, Itr 6tr 1 c w N;nbr' b&6ofig' @ tnF;
3ye iTi,r aq',, -, r a,r*r pm tl,r erurq bdn* pr! e v;p* L*;;M odu br. prio iividle alb eiule b,l6.D
Acidul kta. fig]c * ubg@ ,n AON.ul b6Eir..e r. *tu *r.ii r,s, *-fr ffi;;";ffi :,tsH..,ffi [oropr64 d. h in t0 u octu trhc
_ Ttudlcd. dk o rom. d. tura @ e lm Fn i
r@i@pan;@d$smurtiDr';;;;' -''* F- drmdtt,J bdaolasl't
-,. ln tu pur Epric_rri bsito h baeie iaetuk dD AD.d Mi,j qpft@c d b.tuiei pd. 6 a6dodt D.tE tn
^Dil-ut
r,o.
c.
q'r., tia- baea !j et,b@ hs,to, c_td ,atu ufdazi ,& bae,,med@r & {DN,s5Er h 6 uuoa* O *-r,o -,,,i*,r u u*, s,aiu Br..tv q ddint pltqjdrr, ei.i. co.t. Ddue h Flenai]] r.adiv e por
- -.-
Ertuplu Cm6ia f,gid I tutwjtd d? Cotyn?tu 1?tih dtpttaup,r br4re cd E odt6.r p,.a* .^i.a ainoi_ !o". r rurt_"a ;.r.mdu uu rr @F& 4 " ."s-.r . e*d -fu; s*;j,- ;;;#
,,,-"t'HJffi "fjil rffi ,-;ffi'ffi '
#ffi ,""#m
. hdph. prldum do bdt tuM I S&!rdr@Dr*id,.
"_tur;",r
pr"nid,. hh,r,,r];;"i"#;#ffi.;TH^if;+l*
, ,
rrupMd tu esDoE D.i d. ADN m s Dd hrrd! u Du6;h &r+rd @ ho DtMidi lr llb sud. ho ptami,, L u tu;oM e dD

44. CrpiroM. Prt'ologlo, hfell. b8t .lui. Flori trpsliti tl blul b.n.flc,
R.Ld. dlrtrc ml.@rg.oi.ne tl guda. P.iog.trit rc brd.rbrl.
VirutdF (olotrihre, nuftipli..re d bvulvlt tq .tG tl .ndotoine)
Pdoloai' de stodiul $dinti6c al b.lii (p.dG iiffid .uf6nt4 lq@ - tlii'fl)
r qu su diolo8).6.i boti
. pibgodj, nodut in m & davou o b.dl
. *niDt&il. .f!tu ic d ru4lon l. pr.dDs d. hati i .f6ble sde awc
Tmii d. iDfcti. $u d. boil! pd ava mi6c.lii difsi&. Infaia Bb
r'Iudir dr inv&ii orEoimului d. mjd@I8ois. Boda opm ahuci csnd o infedie
E d@ D.difrci'i .le sdrii d. l.naror.
Oinf*licpo.cdirbln.bm10uabolid.te.bbile.DesmplqilfEria viruul
AIv h d.6ut nu pdin$ sm sou si-pho
Nu loole o4E ioel. rur pdsoe. UneL adE lm.6cii sddq lm, & .@,
L,i. de a dish rhn ni.'D.r3Dituid tu prdu..M bolilft, vom *!fl6 r.l4i! dj'ft
la! nlrlmli !i ugdimut lfu
Mimemimlo lno.p sI mlmta. md de la ndlr*. PiiDul Mlaoi o
i(iwSelmo .l nN .nlsdui de El o ltubeilii di! vagird t t m $ w d*ai
iowrr',imel. F*hiMk dwd inclpsa GprElrei i httufii, Dupi .Ne aoli
a.lrc boobii din iis6r. vtr @lmiz in6iod 3@ Mioerarnsel. u rrn&E in
E loelizti p€ h poqsd viqii, jd nMin lorpolte si cEi.i N d $.da ln tu oli.
adifrcnq ddiiiilod.m.diu,En rd mtibDi la id$olnivie
MrlE d.goim. srpotu s tuhils !i i' rtc ldliz&i .L
h ,i.sii Nmhn bddi d ce 6lonia, ddisul
;airul cdd.lm e alrItuB ol@mul. lrlo'' rrd A rrlo".
Mr@ra0llJlmle cm mloniE2r supEfq! n ovidple Mhnde rl. dgdis'llr,
ie Oon nrmfirt lfi. mrbrro. Aerdr ror! elmdzi mblDist ibli d.0@
Ep{Eattnd u mijl* de .pire a o,leimdDi conpali! dinE bda .
E si DrbFe de o mDd!. latu sp4i $hft Dutirir ti pdrtu e.pbii
in mmic aiii..rii nm 3@nln Fde DrdE lobolidviri (di, a6t notiv se
rpron.l.o(ndoDr p.bs.trl):
tin prbrldd ti evi&li u licbid. l@d ftil. (l,n8.,lichjd #n_'fria'n Im,
Fd?-hilit .@t&tqej!.u
Ff,ini beii c ,]dtoie dorr
dibidiesprin.Lm@.i.
t.trdlort e !od.6 pratt pdh.3ld. zile,
i $l6i F (m @b disnq.
Erira b!.erfl D.bFtr. @ plod@ Llotdom hbol'ivio (44u6lrerm
, Ein4 nih. D!tu cdf.m4,.i @lmi€ de ldd d. {i ! ,rranid.h &
P.lslsi rele popul.r. o brcldii 3apofib aisf m. il. @rpdui lll@ nonn l
rE !@eb ds 6gD.L inh., 0nicul,+i s!.ge, taR, lichid Fibeal, plelnl,
lo6ua.l. I]Imri 6laiL &n@liD n D.Filc d.hlcii.
Fhd @mftt e l@.lirr! sp.oic ln mmi. F$6i.

45. . sbebtoM eeidhidi'
. sr.pl@i vi'idm
. Neisii spo6r
. Co4E 6.dqii
. Hmphiha kttuftu
. snad@pMi,.
. Ptbgd: stul@ p}'ae."t, y.snid l,4heindB
.- ., r l.d :.ncbGdnd efuul 6. o [o,. siDhn ; q a rmns.,lui sh,.dr@ tumt!) d. r6t .tdoflt p]ldui ,.id s polE o.tim b(en rio @GE 6
, Dsdaut.Jquut. oul $,.nd uo 0m Edulrdr iddrifrt gm mFmo Adh.lq,bt qtu d. bo8llt dabli pllali mat, ,j sb,6l.lr D6riv. Beh .L
TEg, Mpidn hfaid
sp.drl I. liv.lul
'i@firiqdui
6t @jdd rbif.. dr c.t s46n sk @told r
|' qq6F buel. s'lh mtik !@Miv tor hldhi
i,6irut sm Mr Ep.adi. d.:
hporiv! pirudrii ricro@rim;l6
. T.alNbl n o h bmian6 @da[ diDd h
h gDJ.l. *[@ !' i. jEut lq !|dmn bdo,L !ll!db:
. Bd61 b6b. Eunids, a,inobe,n4 I Bobnc,ui@.@
.
36, *8, EalL Lratuba.ta_ oaobod?r. pn@. xt
. . .M!6ijhL.d.@nlr mdmr @d.bahtuEDrtulrp6nrhotu
3:lh:trTjy'I1u] { f4"l d. d. lpuld 106 pa se ,j ,r,!€pe !M eE.t.,D.d,ur i,,"@h ir 6r*."*;|,fur d.;*i;i.";;;ff
., Thl{l 3.dr.I lM inf6@r ! mbdtr d. * otonud d. nmlhdtddr 4 obduru d. t,pl,r@ .pnzdidB, w;btut_
,
proi vdvc. pdin.l o osi ,"*r"*i* - . -gi*i p*._t. , *,t
1_':"'.,:. I thl lq04 !U 's* n.d,er Fax-e E oDr.: s,opbr@?trd.qda s'.lt.rE@i_ EtuL.stup,<,.@ h_;I_
" -"-- '*"'*
*-,.:l.T-:Y'lifl -'l ,Ydc' si d' in0u6Ftr d. dud homo.n i
plEac d,iric aen d. b.fur 8tr6. d 0,66. i, F;od! d. 6uhk k;
"1-d p '.1l1yF
r*"or, og. * -.ari ii _e,"4 ao.e
*-qa .g^ g.l"r. +'hlid. .t. b,.le v!siu,. 6qiad damrbE E
ffi E{;iFffi ,H:,l,ffi lfll-glil.r,x":*E"ffi E.mrrEr'ilrt e6i.6didi
. col ui.rin h m;!.d {dMt) p,en6 o flGr .s6fi&! ntri dh .^. d. ruzjFc ,p,. eder. o* ; "a* **Gir i"i:J_Iffnu(!'r@io.l.e q{n. ,uhabnlc @Eoh4: t'ztr. t@falA o nt &

46. u! ievot pr@b b zD.le ued.: m dil0r{ zm inoin l[ PrimipaLle bdsii d.
F &gu6t mi Epl*@ d.:
I PtoPionibdeno m6
r cci es.5i
. stapvtds .pid.nni
r CoryEb.{tdii
M,i putin ftcvmi !d n idahn. ,
. StoplElo@all4
Co u.Ll ..ddv eE 6c o pr.lu.Birc 0 teerablui, ie sp€iil. € pot
oloiz edn Esu. Mr
'€DM.IM
dc Stu?ht:t@ ."idnnnb, cortn{sdil.
uffii m6d @r. dden @bicldii
R.t tr dhE fl ! rcIDlt i 3r,n. u@l
Flm :spoiri id!€ ba.6oii sud.i llllme Fin !8ds ot$sji
iomrEEim.ls p.bgsq Ac6l prlE e
'M.th
rbsorhD Dlcmtlii.
D*hilibrut fl@i slroir. !.& du.l' ipaln 6ofii D. qd q nonbaeisl
n3rn U m61ie h pH eid. intitand dFtag Lruilt. Clilila ./ri.aE pd. *i$
Eli in n6n Dic h ld dvel. D..r p6pul4ia 6ad6imi & dihln prini ,iibiolicq
rdad inhEgiidr *6irr, p'odee de igiai i dontu nepolnv q pH-d wsin l
ikri* @ li Ca,nid, abiM & Dd. imulli d*dind nidmlgDisul ddilmr
r@8tt rib.lie due Id o fmr d. v4inis (infelie v!rii.!i),
R.l.lir dift flm
'ymrE i 3'zd! @od s m6e rldlrhri.
a h Elrli! siDbidi.a Dmir! @.dlra mul dinb. dgditu ba.frciun p. wo
eluilalt, dd €l dir lm; d. ,feln MulE din@ nicMlgmim.le fi@i
nm.l. rut .6aral.. D. ddplu, Dleb0otGiilc dc l. niv.in e.,hnui 4ditjv
ilu d!ua?-I, nu aduc ba.6cn).
b. mto.nrD el. o foiDi de sintio"n in lm baoncio2t mbcle dsdme De
asnplD: inrerilul g o$d.baeii , @r,@ sirleii4d}viMj,!(!ilele
vih,'e B. ach ,itarirc sur ib$r6ib h s6nEp $ disribuii. labu !2ut c.td.ld
bfri4 hldtinul 3a frnie! stdht le Nr ive pqnru suDiviquiE
c A1r tip d. sim6iozn el. rcFuand d. rl$ia nuii pi.ddu! t @ D dgdi
toeffcirzl ir d.f8v@ eluiLlt.
Trluj. s, dim c4 h mmir. odjtii. rhriile sirhioric s. pd schinb! De
daDlu: itr Mire udifii u mi@B&jm a toli po& d.,mi D!!oB6. ,.er, nu
Fod@ inia.lii aar tiDp .ri rh&o h irnBtidul goi d& dd rjus. in oll. lwj m &
6: vaid uin&l pliDttri, lziEi DaL prutM inf..tii Ei'rE, eut&@ &u !b*
O altr @Bsie Bh Epealrt! d. nideshim.l. oDo.ru&.. A.di6 nu
Illdu inf.qii id t'hihn lu rcm.l m.i pfte sr,irre. D. @plu et diul SIDA.t
ideqiei I v d nEv6r {lmpmilt d. infclli oDdtoni+ s: pnem@it w PiMcy,i'
trnnt ldr infdi. ffidri d@l{ndu* din cM srr$lui imD sizur.
CLnn..E bol[.r lnt .drr.
b .*.t -t*pr.r po h armc tucF fl s@i al. trsEioulu, F e po,
r llrpbD @b ni.rt &9..i. rubidiv. p. @ le Bitu pEiatul {dffi, s@6)
b. !.m. @ si aep@ obidiv.l. p. * scdicd L pGr o5ff $ bisw
(DIdiro fdtri. i.dultic)

47. c. !r.di u Srup d. .if,plm A 5m spdfie *6pDi'-i o Dmid bonr AEt
podl ,rd. d. .lrdrE
&lll.l .dtEFt6:
, ffii"-.i',i;;5|r,: ..
--r'rb[.
rr.tra Moid tutdll]ozr v{ieli bsp6.
dEtt-oball)
s ili. --r,rtu -o *og'* * tru * lffii & rr o s''' L rlE Adr
infdii d Eodr d.:
* I.-lJ-ii" **tr -iae rddos@,
'l'
rE{isuu 3'2i'
;i;; ;:;s* * p'"d; inr.q. c&d d' inEdc Ftu{ ra@ {d'
.;-^b l.6td wi boh bEnioe:
. B.di.or.dld, ad @d.l i r'&t otudr h Puopa Us'al
. e.a"ia, uat .i*, p'*" o popul4i' (m'ld! ln
^trs
tb{broI)
. iuaJJ. - "-r, -,i. a. p.-o!; mb'rd@ r"E pqio'dr Mr d'
mt tdc d@du gip.)
. PId6&a o bodr @ddica fl dlp&dF dobdl
MdLD d. oio@lt & i. Dlss4rttrld
;E;ffifi-ffi-d* rr .,rd;i'* *"j
"s'r '64* ! 'P"i*'l
-d.r h to;. ih *Idd oin &rlui dnh stzdl d @o!o4pi@ Uffir p@ n
;-d r{",,i d. b*h inf4od (p'6'n -f"l'*)-
iilBlr hLdd 6r. 6dFml d''
I Mi;.t & !tam.l. orgdi$ului lru
ri r"*t ao D@"i,u t a.
"u.r4l rl' mEmo4@sdd
"'.Lii'i-i'li.:i, ,*,i-rr & E ebd d' +ei'
'r
+'a',Y?
F,- ;G'-lpell-lmt; ai
"
a*- * p'*o inrot* to o g"ar mm Io
*- *i,.1-
ii ua,Ji".a"r a" ,.*d@ i @i lrrpi. b'tui*
'n
cted @ sDen
v",,r-r"-*"aG - " "
*ilov-.j pobsp"r' h Did
'qfllda
{!b vin!tu'
'D'lt
virulob !d. ddani r.dc
). f.6rii & olodire
3, c$.,i{a d.. Glthdi torie
l. F..torlt d. olol,.E gd rqt@nd &:
. d. dldd & D..l.rlt d. L Ddrt & inf.F
'.
r*-vi* "ii'*;* -u di@goim d' r $rehdi in oE3ltrnur
-
-ai. r "
U*i * - r * & in@' ti * buhiplicr d@ It pod & iih
-.*i,:t-lr": an-tj ,u" u*I d.prt* buia ? di'L E h e@"1
limfrric !i h l,I!a ductut l. s!pri6i.
hl.d&brr.6bE 6rd6.:
. ---i t'...r.,1 * elinb@ bGGi n & csh sui(He dr lstui lr
* ;-'lir a. Na-r"ii"e
'WLt
i eluleki bd6tu fl d' Fa.lr @
;ffi;; ad."i'd.
-' @;d@d' p'*ie d' d,ie @dr6*
ffi,;,.r ;"i;dt. * ,,"!'drs iotur@e d tr tubird kert'I
rpeiEe o ditoii n!dm. adand! rt ltprEa@ de' Dih (tfu rr
6E b@i 0 !,io€Inul lr tli.tlld).
a

48. ! pe.t L elul- rl u0 ba4i6ii Min sb@ts chihie e o6l'uie h,irurar'
lstulL-la. sc.pbM ptasaa otirc Drdeim M e ndjaz5.l!!!8
b3eiild d€ c.lul.L ?ir.lial. .L Brr€i ri imri.dictud fucillu
. oprdt * o tu; frculdiv{ E d6r. ui3hts tr@id, lmpi.dicrnd
flS@iM i, plvol. etorprls ut.qsuld pe $pnfoP clp6ulo blclaio.,
* prd@ dktuem p'in f'3@ie-L Exdple d. bfrii inc.Fulab:
StupbM pMai , Eamphilll i,t1hMe, Docilla otuhrucb, r%hi"
. hvd. @hll . dlr.dt speiil. d. slton h inwd.r2! l*uhiil. pii,
id.tiuile elDleld aitli.lt
3. C.pxlr.6 d. . dlbon rotln.
Tqircgoa. 6!..peiLl6 niomssis.ld d. a pmdDE bxine. T.]Mul dc
bdi. s. i.6!r5 l. sinpl@.le pt dr d. bxinele .libqlt in 3toge
ToriD.l. bd6@ rM de 2 bpu .$brln. n ddd n..
E&tod!.L mi p'odNe i i diml lm berdii ln clsul @i6ii ti
o.raboliodui Ir !i ur .libd. in sintiul ln6luni6. sBr cfuaidi€ hddiilor
clm pornve (ro pd 6 pbd* d d. wto blddii Glm ..sdiw, d. *mplu
Eaobxin l. au rh.nmpeici ri mr hohnih.
Sut dituzibil. p. cd. ssuinl, mdi
'k@!r, ,odu.3od .ferD Ia distqn d. leul
Au o rclile sFifi.I dddiii I.EIrii spaifiE emiln e.prdi de n 6ma.
Boul. p'trdus de b&16i @ pr.de d@ih psnnn llmiturr'i eut d. bin ti tru
Exdoxin L pr.du sme ii snnDtu sp66e.
Or8ai$ur prcd@ mri.,!r nuiti uriroxitu, 6 6mia"l inbil0ic lnPotiva
crd .xobxin le u! iuctiv& lrin cildur4 fonMldcnid4 .u D., pmduc bodr, d,'
sr Bp'hile d dinula. rodl)..6 d. Mri.oai mriioi.I (l9i piad pdogaitta dd iti
E$bxincl. Do. fi t@fmot ln ,,!1orim (wdnui € mi podl ddmiM d.
Eii.* fi Ciu9. do
'don'.:. cibtoxinc dirirw etul.le srzdi s n$lia ld
. nooiorin l,npidid tumni! Ilmn r inpuhului ne6
. ohioxim ix
'fdsz-r
eluLle tului g.@id6tiral
Exmpte d.6atuii m pdu dri*: Axddiun botonn@ Cto'tidiD ktui,
Coryebdc@in dbhtuiu, tufrl.Jed ei!.
Erd6!b.h lErEi i gmpdqt snucnr.l. ,1. nmbmei dtu a pd.hi
elulo bidciq n t&iilo g@ tu8&rc !i mt clibqlic nMai dupi D()l@ (lr.)
e6roE ?dtillE lipidid s lilrylizloiddtr, Dmiulipidul A d. mdobxins.
Endobxin le Mr hdbbilc nu pot 6 tull]lDr€ h mrbxitu (bxoid).
T@ addriEl. p,utrc @16?, :€rtr i siDptue (nu Mt tpcifE boi boli):
Lrrr, hiptuiun , p.tdi@s.ptic, deicire saadi, ndd.gi. viMd{
EnderiEle nu d.lmi.! frD,B llM Dribxitu (dtiorpi) ofi.i@b.
ErdpL d. b0.t6ii @ olihffiz! mddoxitu: laltun.ra rrqp, (G6'i tifoidi),
xsi$sa ,gfi ,iiir'tu (nft isrti ElSms"inalr @iddnl.O.
viiulol. llM blclgii * hv0iaL d. Dsduw d. ditu dbelln@

49. ,r,ffirti"6.** & d.6r-*i' s.ped lot disug. norDfl.r.
.*"-lffiflfl* * *-' lor 6 ,.dr d' dnr@. st ,.@i.
ffiffiffiffim*"TTrmm,*
Hffi*?u,ffiffiL*ffiffi,:ffi,ffif,l.Ib@ldE, EtrdE! d. tul]E
poliahEd. din tarr, .6rlee
dnol* ciiluJ hi.tumq u bp d.
Acdi d. cl$rtih d6!$ dMd a ftdd63@ ti ts utui. ftwiztod q.irds6 9mi
CoLg.@ ,Ddut! d. c&dr
ts+1ul d{eiv din Du!._hi si rlr
ii

50. Crpltohl VIII. Ms.ni.D.le d€ rPtr.r. trtll,f€4ioltt ,1. grzd.i.
Mslrllrmc nBpectfle (blliere o@!i.c celol€L ftg@it.re li Prccs de
f.go.ltozr)
M.Nirtul..L .plr.r. lPcme: nonud d. b.rr rupn i[uiltlit D.llllfte'l
hferia s @r. flrdue:
. cu b..td,i e dcnuie non nomali, pdn flpa6 ehilibnnui dintc lrd[ t,
MstrLDd. d. .prm J! 3rz&l
radon' l@i de 4ir@ sazda rJ rrprmb dc stod lNo.€nmit. d'
add. mlouFrre esim.r{n'. s rd
'nfd@
rso
I Sl,g de nftine malnDtibs Diobc6, vttuinici prdispEe Ia bfdili
2 vesb no-naeurji, h seid pMatuii ds d peimlii in !18l! mr p'Edipuri li
l. snxulr lnEri mpotu! o@2io.,1leln d. rieul poli.idol
'1. P@: lt]ffii psr.6 6 rstu, d. .xoiplu: tra nagd @ pdnpEi l. obdcdoz!
da&ro@ioi
5. O.{Detia: Do0io ]:ditoi u h.1d d. ns, de amplur mtdul l0 mrchni$i
rcmDl. de rDi,u
cmorm'; d*r,r,4uel. araliui r dsb.t . 'ulinmta h.!!ric{ msr4
Gszda pEzinr! 2 hpfi d? fr@,me & ap&G: lrtEais. ndpei6e d
I. M;slmle d.
'pidft
n6peme (@ pEtjaz, nnrodiva mi.mrsum.lor
s. et dNne D I DGi c!&Nni.
s B;d.,e 6ne Ee,?ohk de EgMa,.re t bu@h .nh.
b. ?st in. de ripul mplddblui, lizonmdui. inrsfdnului
c Colnl.le fagoci@. Ep€mbc dc nob6le, rmro3p !i c.lulcl. NK (Nihl
lI. MEt lstul. d. aPIr.E rPcme
sd n.@is.le n diarc d. mlicdpi (si3hl iDu uoEI) ti liDrocire T (siddul
M.6d.tu1. d. rplrrE nopetlt .
. T.:rtu.ltl d Drcdkk
. l@oord bbd r$r@nb prm lrn. d. apes inpoh, mllb
-im*.. lwmnl *t o bMm mffici .e pH ul !!t,ul inm L) !'
^-
J*.."ao, a. ru'aa. cb,F,l. plel''. e mqbt mr bd-ui ti
. Mrcour trdJ uplEror cu epibliul ciliot a s6ela ntr,' H'
dlen&.,, me@c
'spmrid.
n bdnrle.
Mr-; . lfr"* ,r.
",,1-
Mdu mururl ln5r r"iEro n,ua$ ti oviura
buai. d. und. bda,l. Dd fr dmur Apsntul ml@ re nlmr !i . h nul oli!" porE F
Edaid. ,l@l frm d. ii!r., afuui l. Ftd's,u saud, l, srE!' bdmae'

51. .]ed 6pitu rf.ns * @jdar ,l6t.,. dr et sl?6io * @tolur tn
9€r h odd ,l@Erid8.rtri r sdtir buEt. s.rih moc ap,Dtm&r t03 bsfulpaDl,ht!
. sto|i*,l@.? Lnndh
. Sbp,ulwM
. sElplo@i vmd@
. NeiMii *prfiro
. cdy'.ba6ii
. Emphttq klt@
. snzfl@prMt'z
I PMbd: SbPbM Ooscry *eno wdryin&,
-- .I"." 3'tupgd'l brssur eo 0orr,iDrur d s ! fsins.nr sMl_ur
iM {marr d. r6it d,rdil pfi-uhx aid u M 6tu b'Mi rido-EMrc ett liahekt D|M.
. DrDdoul,Jq@ul.,lmutlDFic u o &rr
'ldtref
dr ddind !o otrFx o Ilero@d dh de bo8nl deiu Fal.i u]:kh lj sbtuFtq 06!r B;brb dia
. Btui .{@otE: Bd.nids, E$AobL@r@ r,so6och.6. @j Dd{6i. Ba.cii @bc E@ti, Erbbhdt, Atuboc@, ptuN, r*h.i.lla,
sk ptu@ ktutit, .tc.
_
MiGiil. fed.6Dnr@ nm,r@d.bdd trrlt4?I p6n liol,medr
ryY: if1 fy'i,"r t !*r & & l"Druft! ron F gM ei ae|r+. sara
M M4 rddd oErrr tn ord * molNr d. bdcine @b. ; dtizd,i
. , - ITy {"p, *:T Ir-J* r @bds qc * mroiai & f,ft !@Dni{
u@@i6xormiAd&J@p,rrtN@.pideild, 6t1*M_
.. rh dv6a pEilra o oort aktnrbm , cBju, FEerle cffirv +
ap, ..r" r. lto'r t.3iM. o iBi@ frerrd pme. &mph. s,./,/erM;.?Mbtt_ @ynrn a6iL E coti, $n@ fo5otb_
. ..
"-
*+rl q -
,r-ed d d. i,[uaFi, d. tutusd bomoDj d de
::_I:3,,py.
pd.'.. d9- ochllui D6,n r^
'i
drp, mloplur rn wsin turpEaE 4r6k
'par
d. hGij &!b. $ @bc ti !qo.& d. edvie tu;ddi
T--a :D ,t,Tb iollMitd dro8dj. s modi6c. nd wdi.tr d.rozir.te &
sl@go dn etut.t. .pirdj,l. .1. @i wsbde f,wi?E, &zstbE Sdutu@/r4. tbbcti ptu uritie giq-,t. poa,. *a t*". O* _ pA
-,ogra
Ed. .HJr.n lirv.Dbir d."vol4,n ac ,p*, r,r.i* r-*t. p.,
"f,.".1i
i.
,, Cot,r a*- io * *lmr r.I6D p.Efri o 6ca i6.rrloe 0@i !rsDrt., dm @.@ b@rti.. qE adlDt. [o.r s EdE Duac. rr niEtut w ufu dii,
9ule .1",r e *!E *btuF eriD@bia.. baja t@rcr4 Dt d. bci6r
tot!.bs pdsDdqii bElcldif,dq
I T.aorEht h o lod be,,u admd_ diD,u L tot dtl']@m !€ m,h sM.l. r.blE
'i
h jE tc plrd.dd ba.rn . dumh.. Miclws,trjs.t. 6ifm
I
I
,i
I
I
i
I
II

52. AlL neim pDffift de apednui 6piE or sur rrEa@ {te omfi!.lc
slvdl@ liuiDul din ml$ ($ g&.* ti itr ltEirr. p<ii rrari, fttlaul de he (@
pEvio.asrilEgidp6rrn.
. Me!rk4r. ndDer6e d. r. .lv.lul h6r'd
'xsrdv
,notud di,hde sni@
pH-ul ei4 d. ld DiElul i(rmoilui, @iD.l. d.8Er,&iv. F ''eorre.le,
d. L
niwld irtdrirului $btiE
. Mroo. vqbdr d. Dejdr d. m pH &id p'.du dc lebEili c f@ ptrE din
. Acl'e. d..DilE r rrr ..prfulu rMb hDUl mictimi
. R.lld.: rdn , ru., wrnl dLE: elinir@ lM dtilAi rui de
. Ilon -pddra d. h niv.lul losmotului, Mfeins.tui, nsinului, old ui,
inpi.dic! d.zmll,6 { pl lifo@ boddiitd pnbg@ la &€& niv.rd, pdn
qnDditia Dah d.rbni .Adei. @!dil,. patu substuI nDriliv { ,ri!
p'!dl@ dc subsh!. ddlaeitr OdFieitu)
IDDodlrF llmi $poftc & ot6.rw$ iD dlpia mtibiori.a cad se $p.inln ol&
mio!trsuin. b.'.t@! !.Dili.d @i b.eii closniaiu dqlciL s, Dbdxr incFj do
riDd 6liri p6eDdm6b@@ sN cannidei albieB d prcd{i iofE$i vrsi.d.
b. Suh.h! .o r.r rdDrq.bt ! dln rlrr. i sandr
Ltzodoul e g&.i. in leini. sdivq s@!i ni"n Nu s pnqlc jn Iichdul
c.f:loohidio IrR, turDmli. gi Eina.
AE or sliboeim pIjn hidmlia pgELrui bdaid liun nMFpddd.
kop.rdhr s !is.ll. in ptmd a4ioda, &suF? brddjild ctu tr sriE si
,crivaz-d ompldad in ih36l. mpl*dd i]M. (@la olldna d. adivm
'
B!11116. 6r. h ei'reid prldu do ltonbeiL itr pr6ul @gul&ii. pirde
lz 6leiilor cm-pond!.
Ldlirh. 6r. o Eliopeinr h div4 isini, sEtii ozlq s6, Smulalit.
lelleiEld- rsai icrul , int i in cmpdiF. boddiit. pah ,t:s Alr -@ih dc
.qib. + @l pri! @ ratufaie e I.!si de B.flsj, dc F suFrfrF ehJeld bxtdidc
Gc la$ d. lipopolizlhEidol. p{.l.hi 6dEi4 ,f.crlrxt pm..bitihe maDbmlr6 rj
PEidr diYid. briviDli d otinluica
T.ora.dn. e stu.lt i' s t, la ,ivdul D@&lq, lasl nad ri inri ir
6mpdili. o bd.riil. pah &d" q { l0ctofaid
Ilbro..l,!. gli..pmcinn din plam( e d in oFoie, tn hcnctilm dinh
eldc RaqioM, o cdDlffibl.
bt rlse{ M gliolr.tim nmjli ti cibritu, Mr por.irc prldus i dibdb de
liDlmib a drprb! h prtdE prbsoilE viNui, heii, pEili d nmdi. DabiH
DiDytu & h cqodLla dc r
"iefeE" r!,li.@ viil! ln Eld. szd.i.
Idaf@dii 3u ti .lE 6bctii: divEd Gtul.l. n iurit sisE. N( (,.onEt *illd),
mdGselq dw c{reillb elll.ltr minf@ldo vihl .! Mid. inf61i.i (i.duird nr
c.luLle iiGcbb vi'xl podl)@ & Ddd* unyirn.).
Ce& prsiDrl limplqrc rl. .fddui inkfmnuluir midgn, f.bn
cdplrErd (,ldiu): fiaili. d. rmrirc s,ndizL t fio! sptint,
'n'mfue.
se
Adr@6pla6n Dirpmepdle D€ doua di:
. p. cd. claicr: pr; l]mplq. dig6dri6qi

53. o. ctl. slt ni. @ffi Pnn rul'nn'
;i"'"^ir brdsia., Druj!, lM
mnw: polzlhm& ropedim
i*J-f'*ffi*'ii dul pzn pbd,*pdila rilp@urui
*-"H!P-*,
"--"'
* * ffpr* d' ld' ld're n d'n d' s &rmiu t
iNsiE (6ib) M'6@
n-n -i l!fub! la led ,nrElo a unnA'lrmlr s6m'
iia'-l J*J. i-p.*tn -*-ll I IUid' Mo do
*'Y"Sit l":mr*:L**s,*li"*'*-**
,. H*,:i"mlff#ffioiud€06'ic3bE $Dr'rrP
rinciosLle dD. u'r
#5H',J#*ffiJ'SIffiL -"."-'- dtrc,
'@@tmtucrddDq lex*ei6'
:.*"-lz,E loJ@'do, d Ptri"dd Prlsns(
Celd.l. f.ritr *
orl@ ,olindfoMl4 n.@
X.lllff#,**""-**ci*@r'iporpraohi'dvi'.r'r.s@iuri'd'
*I"lIH**"m:*x i#,s*:;;ffii ffi;r"ffi lffi ffi l:
- ,*Itr;H#itrffiL',1 so"*. p-* ,n d bdtrik {' i4rob6r
ffi #'Hffi;'Hff#:ffiffi ,"r*.sffffi Y;
::'rffi ffi{{#,k :'H:rtff rffit
fllJl##IJ I';*;.a.i,-a,Hfi5f,*,1'**,1 .** *,,"-
*"'i$r";'..
*^, ,' ,.o," vsoro opil@ sDE leur inf&-li'i'
'm
i li di4edd4
*Y'fri*.*lji*,*.
"
d'bror
'rso.:,re,or.
tu@kre a,''nd @pM
ffitrl! e n.d[z! plcul
' itr ri6dr ' &r'de @ii Psdopdc D Jor
r]zl)@n dr-6h6L ldFo @ine tidobte fl drc
a-.d - Ginondz.i flmtud 6 hrplt@E:-- i i- rir,-*- L-.t.t rr: in frsoli'e
"tu @i@ie
l. GddrDlk d'bq..z6 @i['l' insjoM'
. s@de liean l. rui' EPrtus r)7!
hdd'ltr ! fm6, d rrA@d'
sb3hleb;d6 &,mss'3DE
@lin mi.lop@nd.'i IbnD

54. - s ule limrr. mici. Ep@idn 35%, epr.2o1iL d. lefainq p'Dlgz, @l6a !i
2. tuEad.i i d. hipocldir, @ rur ei mi peici
's61i
b0ci6,oir.
Mrmr.s.r.: ir{ prin acclEi ,,l!c, migm, idgdiq ditusd, o Dioi difaal.:
& M!@6s.le ru pG.dI niclopcoridrzl t, ,u pd p.du id hiDocld( illr podw &O)
t. Amit niooorgNim o r,4@6d?fl0 .tb.tdlatit, Be o, IMpl!1rtu, Mt
i46e, do rrri, iilil. 9i s n riplic! rn €r. &lu!.. cleloM.l. f(fu tn @ut
a..@ inf.q,i 6ntin nult Mfur (ddplu smdoud. bb.rcul@)
LiE ald. Ml rq.!. Nx (N.tui xfls)
Au ml b @MbH @tu rf M tiDfmk Mi o gtuul.b.
Ditus eIrn.l. i ee viDI ti o.ld.l. nodde rdn sEqir d. cir&ie. Nu 0u
rrei6ci@ Dah u ,rDit yiru, aqil@ lor ru B|e irrluqtFta dc o *plllr* tuioor'
n. MlolrD.L & .PInr. Dct Ic
Sur doui ne5ism d€ apare speifid:
I Rilplrul inb moEl
2. Rlspurul imh..luld
sirann iDu etc ldD.1 dir:
. or!@ iDW: ot8m linfoid. pii]lE (rrdM mG! !i riouul) !i rasdE
&6slimi lirfdici, glin& r|tl{tui ltmfoi&
'ei&
fr.tului disdiv tj &aioior
incld Wddqa. plrci P.ya)
r C.hle imre: Imfcir. B !i liof@ito T
L RnPud hq lur.r
3M inplrc.dc lia6cieL B div&, E & terfornu l, pla']Mie !i .lit lwi
eii.ori (d!p{br inm Fim).
adiafDii s imurotlobulbcL Mt prd.iE F m divihL spcitcr. sur 5 de de
Adicupii e tunqio de cpil@
. frDcti.&rihelsio{.lrpia*4..o@ldabnui
. n &diz.ldbrin b!.idi6.
. f!bi2.!d fu@iioa pri! o?6otze bleiilo
O Dln din lhfeiEL B lcivd. e vtr rdfomi tn liDf@i. B d! Mi. b o
pibDd@ ulldiorl . @l!i$i disa t' orloio, rliplmul imu E a insLl. m.i reid t,
n 6 mi i'ns{r&pwinh.dde s
',rrll11Bio).1 RLpud lbu ..hLr
En itnp.rlat ln inftqiil. pr.dEe iL EioMAmim. € D6idn s k -utiipticn
itulda (biordjil. e Drdtlc njbdErla bruc.r@ viffii).
ljDfo.iLlo T smi o D@dr$. d.liEfeit ,!epos!b c & nlpus inm elutd.
san il. Di rulto dpui: linfe . T h.lF, T cftorqio., T eLq,B@.
. Mva, lihf(iiol. B in plslEiE e..m r pld@ uiidri
. sddDlazd sliim IDfoci|ld T cibnE
. Stimd@6 elitl@ linfociidd T &4rae
. Sur eI|dcii r&Durului & I'iFmibilie h&zisrI
Lin6cir.L T.irobnE diirus elul.lc inGd.r. id !i rlos.fd.
Lirnfdir.L T suFEle:
! idlihrpmduq de !',ii.orDi.limfoc$.|. B

55. . et!r. r sup'E:@ 3 iDui4ii c€ld$
D.tulF rI clrdfiCm r v.dhrdlor
Inui@ otiirf.qiols! Dooc fi :
. IdElur. Mdldd octiv4 Fn rsa pf,! bdl[
r In8l6r. mhr,li pBivi, lr@isn tmphme, pdn uridpi mtai. tr
@igurl pnrdi. ipr.xiDrriv 6 lui dup6 .ah
. rtnuillro ditcidn dfi, p'in v@il@
! Ildu,tu difici'li pasirr. pin dninistu d. otiorpj peftDnoli (wi
hipainme rN immoelobuliHpBfi e)
V@irul *r. u ,r.p3Ei @ 6nl,'. netui mtis e din sbtu mui uui
$or inl.qi6, frind splbil si bducn u rnspu iau prlfu inpoti!. GDdnlui
Obi-iiv.L iDui?-irii dive (wEin&ir:
- p,ldlllro lmi rih adsat d. di6lp, p.rEloi $ oblin@ l*j p.Ddalii de c€lule o
- iDuib dE silr- Dq.i$6F inuii4ii i'dM o p6iod! cii mi lung (ei, bit.r via!.)
L rhnnL.E. ..tYI
Tlp{d d. n.dirn:
r, vGirrn yn ndnrb cu ii.Mr3rlrl.e r,r (rrnrud no b.cbni), cm pdn
d[,ci d. dmue $-ru piqnut h 6 nii mm FrG pln.€ prbsm4 de $- pttur
.4@ih6 iDuog6ri a6@ s. Duliidicn h o$pisd @ Dimiln ilfedir nrtudi.
En IE&t anninisllle wi ri$@ d@. sinrtudoloaii cti.id
bln, d, 6d. r.du.a. IrDuillre obti4$ de dubili. sur 6Dtnindi6G h gBvid. (.fd
hor@) d imuo&pntuF.
stip.timieliic o'al SrUq MMR (a iojotic, stiobaliq briuliM), vEinul
rr,vtielG, rainul dimml (uti-fc56 srlb6I)
2. v.olnurl b..dv.L (b.rl.), c! dcrmrgrnD omrtb, liFiE obpla d.
p{rw prb8Ei.i. A..fu nu s rultjp$cn h o'zmism lll4 6iDd trEcta.nhinitu
r 3 doa (2 doa l. inl!flrl de 46 srdtnani, plDs u nFl h 6l6i). Pd 6 adminkr.ic I.
sdvid. ti huod.pnmx!. Luso br mulk tpu d. dfel de la.{[i
. radlrn ..D!hb ro .orpur l.rq oE .on{r bd.n. ru vtntur h
Eranple v@inul dtipatusis, v@inul mtiholoo, lelind mtil.proslituc,
v@iNl mri-t !€rit A, vMinul i@iv0t iDjelrbil drjpoli@ieliic salt
b. vrchun oE cMtl! rnstubt. urkde r.u rb rltlf bdri.m N
Ilnl. p:otin ,loliz.bojd. MjuE& opotnE, obfnftpnn puinffi
ExdDL: lolizlhrid.: v.@nul ulipreul]Giq winul otinhirC@icr
vMnd Ddl.aophilu (Xib)
.. uebori oblh . Drb rcoEbLE sd.dd
Exmptu: v!.ofl di'lEpinlnB.
3.a. o!l!. (roror,0
V@iNi enci6r. i' 6oli in @ bxin. epsind Fi'.,Dfi] frdd prq@, d.
Ardoxir.le e ontiI din derind. bictdi@, F! htu q 6m.ld.hid4 I. ald.
Ac61a lt, pi6l plfu bncl dst nd!-!i pln@ di36ici. Exatrplu: veirul Di-T.
(din@&bnic, nrFbiva dinaiei ri lfuo$lu,)
II. Imdzlo prdd Mliz.rzn oUi.m rei imujztri npi&, in dd dupr
inj6bE, &r re dwrz, pulin ($pLnani. lmi).

56. . a*idilr diQaicl, erihir tuict' ditoxiEbotllrid
. iruslobdliE diEltic., eri v&ialla-bG (li D&iaf inu'.a.trio4i)
lo nDqi. d. dilihr- 16 b pl!.6{ imuidiii, vuiuil. !'tzdt mi s pot n
L veioui ,rdispolrbil., & r.sut obltrdii i, tuididh Fr c Bcc, Di-l+Pd,
rrripoli@i.lfti. od F ilj.rtbil, di-n?did B ti di-tujolic
Rc6! mi @Ndan. tudisra3abiL v@itul rti-t p.iiil Adli-db6lic, sriw,c.U.
2. vqtuEi notdi*,
'@
lM 8 4. d. v&!u qE6c (opii, blfiJ) $u o ris
i'Lqnx *inul dt i!61, v@irnrl i.nipr.rEo..qq i!q'd Dri'roarqprlB, Yuitr
3. v@iMi 6l6iLo@i@.l,h flg! eliddi€ iLlide: dilMi4@iq dritifoidic
4. v@iMi d. iniqB E8rout (boli toDi€L): dimil, d.
5. v@i.ui Datup@@q ispof6ion l (M): afi{rdlD1dliftbn Q

57. I
Crpit lul IX, Antibtotl@
Antibiotiele i c[inohpiele r u EDl) dc ftdimoE Epabil. si distusi su
r. ilih. nurdprire mitubiui.
Au 3.t D. (rdvi t. srd'6d h d.r rsaFhf ee Dr t-M etJet
Anbbioticcle d sbsbte btibl@ia. n.tuarc.
. Pmcilinel. { ..rrr6!.rinel. smr qte din ta$i din saul P.,,ciriuD (!, aue
Penicilinclc au fod oblinure di! P'",.rIr, ,oraM.
C.frlospo.inele au fod obtnie din Pe,iilhnffi @halawM.
c.',]ita de Pail kur eptotosporun
. uimslmrd.l., n3mlid.t.i rch!c1clin.l., clomfaiolul, lincmicina $nr
ertu. din a.n'm-riei4 ln srsirl 6rg, din ENt sh.pbdtr6:
. polnninele i beituim sr prcdE de baclaii din gaul ,cc,llr.
Chiniordri@lc Mr $bsble diSatuim obt Nte prin sint?a chifricn.
ln pl.h! o d.linie s6icn ift eL dNn mbgtri, nD sl' jBnfidn dore N
fon pode nude oribidie de smi{inreE $ de a.€.,i disln t dinl& o ro!&
sbshl.l. oridmbim. s! fic drel@ mtibioticq ia lol6iH ld in dmmhl
sriinfeFs sn fie .Bfta uribiolmpi..

58. Fiem ml'Dk r u domir omu! lfulbondr {D C.r , I diknre dmhn
6mire, in fr4clr. de 6n, pl.dd(e d. medr@hre
bdsiNt i! m ba.ldioid)
. c,L do 0dhinisr@ sdr / plmien]I / roDicn
. Paehh'lie D mdrk F3lfu i.rdptu dffi r, beid hmrh.mefstre
Deeo!.iirl in ta2c d. Sir alssnd. DenDe_ m . obtdd iDtubru, cEflmr mtulFnl d. su6r{M r o d@ rdi (jlJ|rltlllld pai;rtrr^
cu!&.lrddh rdlrot rtd rur:
. spch d.aqiu. Guut l&e)
. Mod&iiuqbeciddsruhd6id ic
. Asidi 1]@o&r.: bdEicid d Sdaicid a efd
Sn ltebn4t nnnns
.. str Plmitrg a qp.nlrr€M sr r doted .{ o espener icutrr}J dr punthd,at
b'IM bd4ologic.E oDm6h d. 0 rnibi cr.ltm uJDhto de s,p^r/m ctu& L
o drulr. de 30oX. El r Mr sttuF. ldjotrA dq nu ! |,fu e o klae
-
In I s0. Prd ft@ !j HoBsrd pron, & d*old o mod,lik de , rhta pojotM
{ 4 bicr{ potr! hljMn iif€.lrkr bdntr t al []a d2bo mddst.
Nour E.dicer i ind in u tD la40 , Lu m E@ mrl supr. san ltii
N6h6.

59. E^tctst ti Ho*otd Ftte,
Pah ,Ate d6opsm, flming, c.hainli Floreyau prinit pldill Nobcl in 1945
Descopsirea lor a soluliomr nedicim ndni ti ! d6.his d@ul &^.llnni lmr
r Dhtidie "E.' P.bt tb.r
in rimp @ Sir FhinE .retu sndii @plx paicilinei, cerhard Domgl, u nedic
a@, & mular d6..pdie uei molmle sr6e pmpierili eribatuifr..
a nmi onpu$l Pl! ci1 i i devmit lnmul dift{ lEgi si. de bb'oto.. si dic
cthtdDomak
?6nrosil a los idodus itr hpi. in ii 1930 !i a ftut tulsi! la tal'e inf€liild
a@, 3 pll.moniilor ri a .ior infelii.
Deri $lf idele nu sd h f.l & eicikte e dribidiele nrorrlc. sut rolosite
a6,v b rahmhn ruld infeni.
calBrd Domst a p,uit prdiul Nob.l ln I q39.
Dattu dsp6i@ Poni8,hnu,.
In 1946, paiciliM . drdl djspoibnl p€ pioli Deru hhohrt itrfdliitoi
bderi#. in 3,ei.l @le @ulc d. scfl@i ti sftpr{ini E$e iDportd de subliniar
6ptul ci u p'Mr ibpondt dc inleqii sur p'dNe de ele doni loui hdaim. (d8im
srEpr@icI, pnMoni., slatr4 ,nf.gi, teguae, lzimi sup':inf.dde, ctc).
fdi.ilim ava o qprollre inodibili & a mof 6afriile, Ir'{ . iva efate roxie
k .n(lfil 6ile lc4o + itr.€puhn il- 1950, au fei inlodB. noi mlibiorie:
@lbnjod chll)lmDhdol.
'.kL
I'nq
'nepird
ft dribiolmFfl

60. . Anrib:diere d'u .fioft hFfiq @ she tr4, d. batu,. cm.po/ ,h rr
ctu{ g8ri., ,eiF h@lule !r b4,tul tobdulq
Au fGi ihhdl{i rtmtii dimisobiai sidajci
ritlbaol@q &j(ht pn-uincs.licilis (?AS) ri ircni@i{t
clnln..H D.dronrrhr rrdEt bht ,!:
(sdfomidO qi dosuit
(trrH).
robrta b.tDLl rdb.'dc.
l. Pr.filui.: Pr36iH wi inf.qii par! u D&i6r 4 ri$ (tniida wi
I T.rDie Fdr4 bed p. clrhve€ plduuld psrotoEic
Iri d.ibiosBrI lmdod. d'tuzo K'roy Bru6, IID Apt.
spednt .btr6tsobr.!
Sp€bn ,fuisoblu oprnd. bbrMa b,@iitor ,s@ c&M mbrdod *div. Esk tr66x" M sp*hnui mh'@ie itribrt fl modfi.rril. Ltrm@.,
a&'a prin oqmu ffi hJ@ @tur.
Spdd uribaldid iniin 6b sllbiln lad 6@ dibioric h Drd., prG rel,rj
F tjlpj.i ba6ide d. 6l.qi., fiitrd pejab dFi e d. beii Hibit.. i am.djr
.dih .{sid6r.inoodrlMthuribioncul6pdiv.
rn nEqi. d. ad! aatimisobim jriiil, ftt,oticet. ru fd dei6{b in:
uthlode E rp..fu hsu( y' rnH.dc. ft rpeh tr4
I Atrbtr@ccl.6 lpdu Eg6 0u fod rlpituc Ir ddut ro h dout gn4u dupi
et'lM. in mod pdld. arps bdmrlr C,m pozjbt. fl C,m rs!b!;
. dnnide N sptcn dt @ paf,rid. !F citib.tq mbmhd tilxlnn@). d!.p( oci a b€ali eh-pmbu t F @ ij,[.DoE iq
. sribidie q tprtu th tip trepbnn.i,nc:
miDo3li6.d.: nE?loJcir D@'cin4 Fhin@ l.!l)moM
- polipgiid., olinicira loliini. diE p. b*ili ri tr c,m-i@bM, qi otu.@invi
.2. Adb'di*t. q 9m IeB
'a.
rtuclide. ct@fmiotu, sr dir pr @ tr
baoh Cm-D.ges a C@-po.br. ulrolEm. t.pr6pir. ncL@ii. cht;bldn ij
d rtu mibilir4i, nqriii
dilqn sisrn tubdi (vidi
stu&bEnA;.-
SDctu de tjD sMdicins
Srafu lq d. tiptuicli.4 dMfd@l
TiDui iL s?ab eft€eie'clcic.
- -Au
tud tu d6ep6k m @bdie o !pe@ lars I ,nmt,!& met. dD(.k
htu rorosit. @ ur,biorie d. @ tD i.reE ffi tu unpu @sl* isrbspami.
mononlfui. efrlospo.rn. d. sffilrt. I l-r, a +!, , t-4 *).

61. . .ferbd6icid,,Jicndrdishqft ebd*i,tor
. .f.db,rnchric.d.hhibms murdDtrlDbadoor
-obdlEa
du en bdn. .d s, bridotuc d.pde d. n, mdt, dn
-Lr.dribru.rtD' !, mtus,t r, & aq,-. I
"
;i;.;. ;:;;;i; ,* ,, "l- M.smTri-r D ondtuj m h.c,. jn ,.mp * u atrbrm
'E
nici.d.ri u efd h66dd
-rLahi,.Ms Jr ub
^rinrsjtrlu s tG j orliciJu hrcmrsbrmsqdi
ud. hbb $u de m,J.ip.d..,lme t. spon/
sd'oneh bdaicide rmr n@. ii
.
1!f1f!...*"* erg smearizarc Omnr,oprEmoii, moing c peitonn ,
. n
-Dfc!']e
ba@m. tr lm,c, & r!..ton.6,e
. inldr blfua..n f{u.cm d,it,ab,te ,mdo*il,r. GMtrt'k. Mbon.bir,tub6cutu)
R.aoti d. !@is. . rdbtodetor
. Andio.ic.te b,Goa. .u s seu . u ete be rnios6,f . ci rEiode ntu"mcd.r-kdr dba de 1tup.u o paic,h, N m hnoglEnd,
"-,**;.."0,,. "..","_*,".

62. I
M.ol.m d. *lun. rl. .lrbtod..tor
. hhibiga sinla.i Fa.tui ehle
. Alrffi sbenrii
']rbm.i ..lut.i b&loidc
. ,.,tjbiii 6inki pd.i.tq
. I0n$lnril:@i$u.fD4j.iDilzitodrJeici
. Idlihiti. o.Lt limtuitGeim
L llttud. p.Ehrur..lnl[
, P .qy:. *L-*4r pQtdosn6nruj din shtu pd.ruj eturr rr
lntun Jaifu !u bd6.i Bdniit. cnr-pozuv. Mr m l@bit. de& el.(fuieedik Anribidj€te din at:.d @s@. nu sr hE pah Elul.t. lM(€1l6G, hDrfi. r'r ffi c.lul,r! sur Md6dr.
Erdlpra
. Afri&orie btul'ddie p.nic,l&iq elJ{meL
! C[cop.Dr&: vllllmicq EicopbniDr,
. Polinixilq poliDirinr B, @limici4 ba.ituio
tr.L Ultr rboz.t Dbrh.lor
. hb atrte,r subuirh los a nbomilor biGiaj
r minosl@d.k r+.9tm@ km.in. sEhicm lwq ndjln(rr,tuoM) e etk bldqicidi
b. tuididi. iDnibl tuhlja
I
Prn oe'e h Dbuiha ras
M,@lid.: dir@jciq clsibiojnr uituidD
?' ?"
/'/V.
u,,

63. lll. tudbtor*. e rlt r.!,4 .h.nln Ddnrud ..ldn
A1l@.rotuiiD b6ei c€lulE b.ci6im.de de c5t! ottiori€ polip.Dridie:
. p.tnnim: poliDixi B, @liricina &liu. beicidi
t &nFsoe Bfordici@ B.ni rin
Irdu ;od'ficer d. ptub,hrFl bmb,toi ..lulG FD l.8iE de fodolii{te fl
llm nd.bolj! iDq&ili di! Elln!
W. Arribbdc .s bnibt tbt?. tr furcd. ..idror nud.r.l
. ft'mtme i fl@;dxmlm: .od n lrdrt. ci@flol3a oorflot6r lsond@n
tuvanorL rihibi r.pli@ ANDului bicloa prin innibils wi o-Dc, ADN
Si@ d. d. & 164 Ef.c1 bsdasid.
m,n;. -".*i*',t. I[ inhib,Dr onctbla ! @ cubsEts d.rq,d.r"
-!t" *p;lit" *aot p-.-i***'c oaBAr Pffi ir cndulu i.mhidnrotc
' irru -" * -w- *r,al! mld b ,trE b4l6 dr aDN. Ax^ s e@ili
-iMi;. c.l"t.L mu. .! lli ;i"didr Drcp.i TIHA (fl ptucdi sub fdDr d' aid
rt ai',ai*),t *-i"F, nu
"ta
rfd.E d. dudido @tlMh6z elaTrlFd
s fd;ld.le Mi droe stuu.li
'i
P r,l' @ * utili2.1 e piinr 6zjrl id
h ,r@1. $lrmid.i
- lag! d. dinalboli(
Thmr,pritul i.hi5i hntlm@ &iddui 6li. ln
dnotd (Ddd & @Ftu toeicjd).
rumdbd( trim @ q lqea L bod l]mol
'le
PABA
r^lGnd s F.dE lMv D.rb.lr rmod d. a4ib'
eid folinic. rFIl@ dan
n drdb L .ldhlodc.
ir-a.i n-1"" ,
"!fur
a ob5H bribdcdo n .16 r de l' l!6dt
Efuti Bdail. ; eDlmra de , dis ls E!@ Poolnn tlb p'6nJM
;h;"d. *.'&6 bd;' tuiro,q ffi 6 pda pbd@ trftcii d. bp Pn.mdii
a**' **"i * a.p,,"a.t.l@dp;dtinutoM pu@ fi crl!4" r1E
Cuvid.L hi nmins s dor€dir ! n d*b
r'.obr.D rdrr.4.t h ddDbne
Itaitutr I. roiciliE a f@r iddin.dn h l9'lo.
p. oJ. ,i;.u,t to -trioi* so daolol m'i Epid d@r sitr@ un mi
a.{,n dM rl inL6lc u usA dc d. 4{ onim. d. dold p. e Inili0l,
diME h mb@e t fd ;odhrr ln 9,olc mr ald ln saFil' d' b@t rFaG
flsd R.Ir. i lrmim v.[ Dublid u tediu ln lM.] or l[' Aodi@ M'did
^-J** reii.e" :os2oor r,' .; etu,*, m nhn d. Ia 00o d. dse in t sA- Fr
infelii d tolDini naicilinc.@ffi d. sb6l@ Miu (MRSA)'

64. rr hft ehiDele de dror tj cliEjdii @ p,tgir
, o &!, d cr.rrEa EjtuFi Ia uhbime * ,ubth.r,r Et,n dq.5 de h
A'Eaouat.inblE embided ar6E L ubbMie.. Mod'6cht. l0 fotociM rmbl@6tn m63 in psnl.t tu Eodj6cnnk id
Paomp' o [feql hhlDMt'c.qii pMrd pFblb,Lbra D! lM d 6
.rcitr dibidie, d.dr ,..j6p &n roNb!, marla
Selinebidnl,ii.lo@m.il@dn0Mishi.iu!i@oajl@Brid.
mbr@e &e tr qt@ posb,tir&r o|m/lIii
. Nu dyr rsbrbrJ cj u mblec ta lm bdhrte. in clMt. pdi{re, nu
. CDlli! F@ d. elbiolie Mr p,ode..rhiniE iI m.diu
. qcl30 dhoe d. krlosm. d. eibios r t2jmhsd. tlnls]rr@
ctuluEe Etiti. irD6 $ in@jvr de @tul..Dh dou!
sm mult $eii. h @ Dodtficlnte sde d.9eii ddmu$
d6 godie d. elorlrir
'!eiIDob -n.eht notn-
pDblm. Fsojului ,a.Suci rosii ,.
R.gm Roqr. a lu 1fltu .mrr Ebd! s ,ldF d,n e ,n emi Ep.d. dor pdu r E6 rhAne tnr-d Is.
A.iloge modiul E lcnimhd pem,Mr a popul4jit. 8 6u.. *fuk9,fu|u@,pah,@t..lljmfu
R.llb!. t .idbtode
R€ituF St tdiite h niibidi€ po0ic fi nrrml! tu dob6n&r{_
^
R.*etrlr uhdr d. e al.fu d. epe. tr d. bbji fr,Dd EaHc dtub qab!]L ttatob.tud tob?m/4n * Eitu
'r
par ff, bd;rre s( dEnh.tur Mtu. h mim!li@id..
. . R.ribts doMrdu $ d!l@?l rpetio + ktdin, l@ m@e @d6r. !rohruta@irl /ro) m aoaMd rtc14pM plamd. ti .1]mtplc;u& @juEh b.q6idr) d. h o b!da. €jf,dr to w Mibird
MadGL r,t6tt iE rr. r.dtutd ,ur
i.Irl!l:l@ dbdicului . ei moi 6Evmi m.hiq
.Asiuofln d_'ltmvd FU plldll@ d. min. ll@vlM do crh bd6"adDiu d'tus@ d. dF h<nLc]@ r DclDtu hd,l,fu Bpmh,t Fhjeud6 db.rqim! ! pdflt'Ft0 fl c.eh6poi,.r4 uanotu:4 erJo.porir:,
- , sotdsB Fnahrt6i br.rqi.i pm mtuio. ,rm. u p,"r.prat,
ll!Iopl''!l. nodi6@ p'Dbdq ai. -ou,m *t nr, a"rra ma mu,o<il. ,i,
"iuDor iM h cdub bd6bf
E'ro b-@is t-var.t eitupi tn d;bidi' n tuen tu$ etuciwa.
3. Modintu bcului & r4e a uribjoiiorui, ln e tuira s sulm;tut d .e
. smr folsire
'pqidr
iv de t0 dj mi
hhB@ai!tr (L.ry 1997. erid
eirslo dd la lrmhj).
mult mb,die'D @cultu;. de.3l Dah
e & idosc d. ]Oa Dd n'llr ehl';e L
lr @oruti., ft.rnd m'log. fl
a
i
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I
I

65. ion inh4iMr &lin. @ind &u + e!€hi ,n nfqiol@ ndnd itr D@atF
i (Gr'b@ tn *6 su modi6@ nincrd ce Ep@inti !,n! & rqiw !
11116lr dob&dfl looto fi ibl! & E linsu uiibjodc (MordrbF) u poib
Ed & mdbi@ele wudrE. p.ft fr o
'?6hts
l,cn lt.d. @i6F h u
n: @f.r, @,red fEr d. m Jr bubd. d. ob,q q tu inrdn . rldpt!:
Ei!i* raortuicliai Mr €in
ItdtuF dr.Ltl 0D@ 0Mci .ni uicl. Ir E odbi@ tu de 4@fqida
tats la dtidiE imdi., do mDlu: @isbts ls Fr@icinanu & itrbtdam'
d iDpli.i intnqli. chiruEidr D€tu drb@ ,miului alrtui d. rE ria
Prlrdru. tnDLl. rtlrl@b,...
. ,4 ibiotdapi!*rdrninl.ta,l,]lmiin@it.doohonbdeiDftlti.b'tui!.n
. Anntioboul ale tobui. sI fe di p€ dpiu bergirnA (ihlrG !i iddi66n),
. a ibi&icul 116 hbuio sl dituuc bine ri s' ulirc 0 @b.ti. divr in
6.elr itr ce e localnri infetio
. dieibuF. ddbidiolu u rrLhd,i c.trlo,!6iiM LCR D Eors'kt. bd6m.
h hJ*tiil. pDu&. d. trp rbc* ,bdm,n lc mribidjEl. or por p{hrdc i
. . s! nu aie mhindic4ii
'1.
p&iartrbi li substut! ns!6lid (ddsi., minl
,mn idF Mrll, b@did, *.)
. Cde dr .dninitu (orna pdaElo ,5 qspun be,iz&ii irtqi.ji doei
ge m@z! er & a&dnitu $ Es61.i obtiMi ei Mhtii rdiw. ln
i,f€tiile wft (&plrmii, Dditrisir) rlblMnn & adninis@_r lllmi
. Doa d.iuh 3:6isw o mcahl,c 66Dunzlle li 1&rJ i.Gqi.i
h jrsunciala rnDli d.a€le de edtnoric dinir& p. eI. mfi 6ui. ljubL tn
@J mimelj@zit lon ljBGri 6iG F tu mtibio@ bd.ltuiq ir el. o
&ire h.polid (dilrmicio) N fttui. !jui.1o,
. Exeqn: in inGq,ih uiie des@ mtbiori& @ * ae.r! Drin uiir tn
m@r+ie D@. D. *odu: nitufmbin'n { eitul r.lidinc N rri'g
'dodsie utilq dr tu .lirinok .xcluiv p. cdc E dt
. Torcie: d.J uttdel. h u sur t6@. m pm6p pq ps@ Ecir
rdry. d. dmplu olonFa in rlD , ounkld d8eisutu ir Rrt rdDmid*n
d. nfmDlsl Tot,ci@ lei se po* m@fatb In 2 t.tEi:
1 bncie dierl: oioioxiduh Ia mircdiozid., .rleie b.dutrd FrdBi d.
6. hiF!6i6ilidq d. MDlu: h !6jc nn
. urili@ .mbiD4jjld d..Dtibidie:
U]mi nffi tui cad distl inleqii nnb, h 3ibrtj! tn @ nu di.r! b singur
dlbioric @ sa !.o!a. sBalji Eu.li, dr *anplu in paibib ptldlsi d. d*obi
. PrcroiE ad8q.i Eisroloi bcdim i, tu6qcul@1 prh fot@i@
mbimliild dt tulidie
. Oblirc uui dd sinalic:
& qnbimlii b€eicid + tdaicid. asfll@ po.rc fi sinqBici
b, baordioid + brciaidiq aqiua poir fi ebsmisln
c. blorsiBl]nid b'eillMiq a4illHNte 6 didvl

66. r- bhrud. rhrat FEl.ror ..r!Lr
A1. lrdbtoth. h.rt .a.Die
Fmih. &uriiiotie @uin slru.rmchinicr idut b6.lDt nic
, M@i$ul. l- d...qihe * inhbli. 3ilrla p.pridost,mutu. h o,t d.
pdm64 paD l.lE d. Etusp.rrdet. & p. pdlEtc & t.ss , pajotrrci pBp
o
.
ffiH,*"
(f@qind pajcitia bazdin poicli,l, r@djn pc,
r PaiciliE lt2]lld t! paicilirlzt (M 4 @cilid,
r AminoFGlm t@qlhf bmjli r
. Pacili* a lpeto les
- lornoDaiclitre o mnibM & bdd*',". ed ch,ridn
mpicJintrrdbld@ @tuc lni +&id d,vutmic
- Candipaioilim: crdoioilnl
- UEidoraicilim: DiDaritina hdeitie
- crbqadi (liMici.n si
jbjl@)
. L P. drh.h.rhnl.. pnn t. d6.or.ir. !i dldE ir rrei.. u m, o !etu'. t? p&rs, d dizi .trdaE
6pell lor & a4iuo {.('!ar:
. @i Gq,pozinai {*cDt@i, pir@j. a!@j)
. @i Cr4{ESxiyi (r6inS@d !6@.i). beili Gri!,orid{ r@rrr,.bldtu. LBtu mnotoE u), qituhdt {EA,n L.p6iru. ttt@tu,
. mjdid@ bad.rinc m6€
. ftddl[ c Erdrnd, ,lfu dc u pdFl.il (dq@ e trEdifq$ d. sErl
8e.r@ FDbrput paicilirEte dEal.. Se !rrq& eb l@r d. w & $diu o d.poutu e drb'orc d. d.qj. poh rc.tiit. o *calmt ba-htuhri. & gBp A
- ur.!r rulpiri daF.lMi, .l'!Dl@i vjrid&4 d.ft@i .Ih q, dij ,66fui &
- @i Gla-loririri D.c!6i
- n.ien (@j cm{@tivi)
*Yft
o
d/.-oH
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