No More Downtowns? What Does It Mean When We Work “Anywhere”?
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This document discusses how work is changing from traditional office settings to more flexible "anywhere" work arrangements. It notes that while most jobs are still located near public transit, less than a quarter are actually within walking distance. Many employers are moving to hybrid models that allow working from home some days. This raises questions about what will happen to traditional downtown office districts as work becomes more distributed and mobile. New shared workspaces like WeWork are also discussed as alternatives that provide community for distributed teams. The document considers how cities may need to adapt buildings and plan transit differently to respond to these changing work patterns.
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No More Downtowns? What Does It Mean When We Work “Anywhere”?
- 1. NO MORE DOWNTOWNS? WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN WE WORK “ANYWHERE”? LAURA CRESCIMANO www.sitelaburbanstudio.com @lcrescimano
- 2. HOW WE WORK TRADITIONAL TODAY FOCUS FOCUS MEET MEET MEET SOCIALIZE SOCIALIZE SOCIALIZE SOCIALIZE HUDDLE HUDDLE HUDDLE HUDDLE
- 3. WHERE WE WORK URBAN VS SUBURBAN 18 SPUR Report > January 2012 The Urban Future of WorkFigure 3: Bay Area Employment Density Miles 0 2 4 6 8 10 Limited Access Highways Regional Rail (BART, Caltrain) San Jose Palo Alto Concord Oakland Fremont Pleasanton San Francisco Redwood City Mountain View Walnut Creek Almost all jobs in the Bay Area are within 3 miles of regional rail, but less than a quarter are walking distance from rail stations. Planning efforts should concentrate more jobs within a half-mile of rail stops (red circles) as well as providing links between transit and jobs in dense settings that are just a few miles away (blue areas). Source:DunnandBradstreet,AssociationofBayArea 18 SPUR Report > January 2012 The Urban Future of WorkFigure 3: Bay Area Employment Density Miles 0 2 4 6 8 10 Limited Access Highways Regional Rail (BART, Caltrain) San Jose Palo Alto Concord Oakland Fremont Pleasanton San Francisco Redwood City Mountain View Walnut Creek Almost all jobs in the Bay Area are within 3 miles of regional rail, but less than a quarter are walking distance from rail stations. Planning efforts should concentrate more jobs within a half-mile of rail stops (red circles) as well as providing links between transit and jobs in dense settings that are just a few miles away (blue areas). Source:DunnandBradstreet,AssociationofBayArea Governments(ABAG).DatacourtesyofMichaelReilly. Bay Area Employment Distribution Jobs per acre within 1/2 mile from regional transit 1 to 5 6 to 25 26 to 100 101 and above Detail of South Bay and San Jose Jobs per acre more than 1/2 mile from regional transit 1 to 5 6 to 25 26 to 100 101 and above Despite the historic urban form of the South Bay, where Caltrain stations connect existing walkable downtowns, most of the Silicon Valley’s highest employment densities (other than downtown Palo Alto) are not in these station areas. In many cases, the half- mile ring around these stations includes areas with fewer than 5 jobs per acre. Further, most planning policy has focused on putting additional housing, not jobs, in these station areas. The station areas with the higher densities tend to be contiguous with other employment areas, such as Santa Clara Station and Sunnyvale‘s Lawrence Station. At the same time, the high-density employment areas in Silicon Valley are located in a relatively contained areas – such as around Stanford University and Research Park, around Google in Mountain View, and throughout North San Jose. The Urban Future of Work Miles 0 1 2 3 4 5 Downtown San Jose Santa Clara Milpitas Stanford Palo Alto Menlo Park Mountain View Google Campus Cupertino Sunnyvale Fremont Bay Area Employment Distribution Jobs per acre within 1/2 mile from regional transit 1 to 5 6 to 25 26 to 100 101 and above Detail of South Bay and San Jose Jobs per acre more than 1/2 mile from regional transit 1 to 5 6 to 25 26 to 100 101 and above Despite the historic urban form of the South Bay, where Caltrain stations connect existing walkable downtowns, most of the Silicon Valley’s highest employment densities (other than downtown Palo Alto) are not in these station areas. In many cases, the half- mile ring around these stations includes areas with fewer than 5 jobs per acre. Further, most planning policy has focused on putting additional housing, not jobs, in these station areas. The station areas with the higher densities tend to be contiguous with other employment areas, such as Santa Clara Station and Sunnyvale‘s Lawrence Station. At the same time, the high-density employment areas in Silicon Valley are located in a relatively contained areas – such as around Stanford University and Research Park, around Google in Mountain View, and throughout North San Jose. The Urban Future of Work Miles 0 1 2 3 4 5 Downtown San Jose Santa Clara Milpitas Stanford Palo Alto Menlo Park Mountain View Google Campus Cupertino Sunnyvale Fremont Bay Area Employment Distribution Location Number of Jobs Percentage Average Gross Jobs Regional Total of Density (jobs/acre)* Within 1/2 mile of regional transit 873,718 23% 45 More than 1/2 mile from regional transit 2,866,133 77% 20 Jobs per acre within 1/2 mile from regional transit 1 to 5 6 to 25 26 to 100 101 and above Detail of South Bay and San Jose * Includes census block groups with at least 1 job per acre Jobs per acre more than 1/2 mile from regional transit 1 to 5 6 to 25 26 to 100 101 and above Despite the historic urban form of the South Bay, where Caltrain stations connect existing walkable downtowns, most of the Silicon Valley’s highest employment densities (other than downtown Palo Alto) are not in these station areas. In many cases, the half- mile ring around these stations includes areas with fewer than 5 jobs per acre. Further, most planning policy has focused on putting additional housing, not jobs, in these station areas. The station areas with the higher densities tend to be contiguous with other employment areas, such as Santa Clara Station and Sunnyvale‘s Lawrence Station. At the same time, the high-density employment areas in Silicon Valley are located in a relatively contained areas – such as around Stanford University and Research Park, around Google in Mountain View, and throughout North San Jose. The Urban Future of Work Miles 0 1 2 3 4 5 Downtown San Jose Santa Clara Milpitas Stanford Palo Alto Menlo Park Mountain View Google Campus Cupertino Sunnyvale Fremont Bay Area Employment Density Detail of South Bay & San Jose 1 to 5 6 - 25 26 - 100 100 and above Jobs per acre within 1/2 mile of regional transit Jobs per acre more than 1/2 mile of regional transit 1 to 5 6 - 25 26 - 100 100 and above ©SPUR 2012
- 4. WHERE WE WORK BUSINESS VS ‘SOCIAL’ DISTRICTS
- 5. WHERE WE WORK BUSINESS VS ‘SOCIAL’ DISTRICTS
- 8. “For example, if 95% of an agency’s employees work at home or another location 3 days a week, the agency can achieve a 30% reduction in real estate and a 39% reduction in carbon footprint.” MOBILITY MANDATE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT denSity and uSe of SpaCe. currently, federal workplaces have a high percentage of dedicated, individual spaces like private offices and assigned workstations. Organizing the federal workplace around mobility would reduce the size and number of dedicated, individual spaces and allocate more space to shared activities that support collaborative work. conference rooms are examples of such collaborative space. Mobility also requires the creation of new space types, such as hoteling spaces, focus rooms, team rooms, and informal meeting rooms. These shifts lead to denser floorplates, reduced real estate, and higher utilization rates, while accommodating the same number of workers. assigned workstations private offices Conference rooms Before neWSPaceTYPeS reduCed SpaCe informal meeting rooms Hoteling Spaces focus rooms team rooms assigned workstations private offices Conference rooms After ©GSA Leveraging Mobility, Managing Place, 2012.
- 9. 2013 “ALL HANDS ON DECK” HP CALLS FOR WORKERS TO RETURN TO OFFICE. 2006-2011 “WORKFORCE TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM” TO REDUCE REAL ESTATE AND INCREASE EFFICIENCIES. MOBILITY MANDATE HEWLETT PACKARD
- 10. mobility vs. all on site economy efficiency choice collaboration culture control COMPARING TRENDS TRADITIONAL DRIVERS sustaining innovating
- 11. experience over space choice over ownership variety over singularity COMPARING TRENDS COMMONALITIES mobility vs. all on site
- 12. THIRD WAY FINDING PHYSICAL AND VIRTUAL WORK COMMUNITIES FOR A DISTRIBUTED TEAM ©SITELAB
- 13. THIRD WAY
- 14. WEWORK WeWork | Golden Gate San Francisco, CA WORK SPACES THAT CONNECT MULTIPLE ORGANIZATIONS ©WeWork
- 15. WEWORK WeWork | Boston, MAWORK SPACES THAT FEEL LIKE HOME SPACES ©WeWork
- 16. WEWORK WeWork | Chinatown Washington, DCWORK SPACES THAT FEEL LIKE HOME SPACES ©WeWork
- 17. WHAT HAPPENS TO DOWNTOWN? “WORKPLACE AS A SERVICE”
- 18. WHAT HAPPENS TO DOWNTOWN? PLANNING FOR NEW TRANSIT PATTERNS
- 19. WHAT HAPPENS TO DOWNTOWN? ADAPTING BUILDINGS TO OTHER USES
- 20. FOCUS MEET MEET SOCIALIZE HUDDLE HUDDLE NO MORE DOWNTOWNS? WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN WE WORK “ANYWHERE”? LAURA CRESCIMANO www.sitelaburbanstudio.com @lcrescimano