The document discusses the differences between possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns. Possessive adjectives are used with a following noun, such as "my pen", while possessive pronouns are used alone, such as "this pen is mine". Common possessive adjectives include my, your, our, their, his, her, and its. Common possessive pronouns include mine, yours, ours, theirs, his, hers, and its is only used with a following noun and no apostrophe.