1. L.O: STUDENTS WILL REVIEW:
HOMEOSTASIS (DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM)
Do now: read pages 2:1 -2:4

2. DO NOW:
Please take out
packet #1, so we
can go over the
solutions!

3. Living organisms
to

4. When your body that you are
…..

5. You eat!
Separated
At
Birth?

7. to !

8. When Your body you that you are
…

9. You water!

11. to !

12. When your body that you are ….
I feel a
draft!

13. You try to Ah!
That’s
better!
Ah!
warm up!
That’s Ah! Ah!
better! That’s That’s
better! better!

15. to alive!

16. When your body
sees a hungry
lion…
You see
what
run!
seeI

17. You RUN!

19. To alive!

20. (all the inside
things)
( maintaining
)

21. Question????????

22. Do you think a cell “wants” to stay alive?

23. Do you think a plant “wants” to stay
alive?
Yummy!
Ahhhh!
That
hurts!

24. Do animals want to stay alive?
Is the
lion
gone?

25. ALL organisms try to maintain homeostasis
(dynamic equilibrium) in order to stay alive!
Even
Zombies?

26. 1st we will review how plants maintain
homeostasis, then how animals maintain
homeostasis…

28. to stay alive….

29. : and
take in (CO2) and
(H2O) to produce (a simple
sugar) and (O2)

30. Photosynthesis: autotrophs take inorganic
molecules (CO2 & H2O) and turn them into
organic molecules (glucose)

31. Photosynthesis: autotrophs take inorganic
molecules (CO2 & H2O) and turn them into
organic molecules (glucose)

32. and are
they their
(

33. Plants exchanges gases with the environment through their
stomates.

34. .

35. ; where plant
cells turn sunlight, water, CO2 into glucose
(food).

36. photosynthesis
• What is structure A?
• What is substance B?
• What is substance C?
• What is Substance D?

37. Remember these pictures for the
regents, they show chloroplasts .

38. Remember these pictures for the
regents they show stomates and guard
cells.

39. Experiments were done that proved that
plants actually do photosynthesis…
Remember the following
pictures, they are experiments that
show plants “doing” photosynthesis!

40. Notice: the setup with light produces
bubbles of oxygen only when the plant
receives light

41. Proof of photosynthesis: the plant has everything it needs
to make glucose: light, water, CO2. notice the Oxygen
bubbles being produced. Glucose is being stored in the
leaves

42. Two more photosynthesis experiment
pictures!

43. Two more photosynthesis experiment
pictures!

44. More experiments that prove plants
need light to do photosynthesis:

45. The parts of leaves covered with the black paper WON’T do
photosynthesis. There won’t be any sugars or starches
being made by the cells under the black paper.

46. Now answer questions # 1-22

47. Why do organisms need to eat?

48. Nutrition (“eating”) helps organisms
maintain their dynamic equilibrium
(homeostasis) in two ways:
1. Food gets turned into ATP energy.
2. Food gets broken down and turned into building
materials

49. 1.Food gets turned into ATP energy.
• Plants make glucose from
water, carbon dioxide and
sunlight through
in their
.
• In their
, plants use
oxygen in a process called
in to turn
the glucose into ATP
energy.

50. Animals eat food that they killed. In their
mitochondria, animals use oxygen, to turn
their food into ATP energy.

51. 2.Food gets broken down and turned
into building materials
1. Heterotrophs eat other
organisms.
2. They digest (break down)
the food into small
organic molecules.
3. The small organic
molecules are used
building materials in the
That’s what I was heterotroph’s body.
saying about the
grass, before you
sneaked up and
KILLED ME!

52. What are all living things made
of?

53. What are all living things made
of?

54. What are cells
made of?

55. What are cells
made of?
4 kinds of
macromolecules!

56. all
(cells, plants, animals, decomposers etc) are
(complex
molecules):

62. .

63. called (big molecules)
.

64. Remember the following:

66. (simplest sugar)

68. Fatty acids form lipids

69. Now answer # 23- 28

70. Cellular
respiration:

71. Why do we need to breath oxygen?

72. Organisms use oxygen to release the
ATP energy in their food. …

73. The process of releasing ATP is called
cellular respiration takes place in
mitochondria.
ATP energy out
Food & Oxygen in

74. Besides ATP, cellular respiration gives off
CO2 & H2O as waste.
ATP energy, CO2 &
H2O out
Food & oxygen in

75. Remember: ATP powers all life processes.
The mitochondria is the powerhouse
where they are made.

76. Food & Oxygen in. ATP out.

77. Now answer #29- 51

78. ENZYMES:

79. What is this? And what is it use for?

80. What can this used for?

81. A key is made to start on ONE SPECIFIC
lock on ONE specific car

82. A lit match can light a fuse

83. Enzymes work like a lock and key…enzymes
work like a match lighting dynamite!

84. Enzymes are proteins that are biological
catalysts; they speed up the rate of a
chemical reaction.

85. Enzymes are needed for many many
biological processes: photosynthesis,
cellular respiration etc.

86. Each enzyme has a specific shape and
does one specific function

87. Each enzyme has a specific shape and
does one specific function

88. Each enzyme has a specific shape and
does one specific function

89. Each enzyme has a specific shape and
does one specific function

90. Biological catalyst = enzymes

91. Substrate: the substance the enzyme works
on.
Active site: where the enzyme/substrate
complex forms

92. Would a key work well if you put it in
acid or melted it?
I don’t feel so
good, Mr. E can
I go to the
nurse?

93. Enzymes work best at an optimum (best)
temperature and an optimum pH (acidity)

94. If the temperature or pH is wrong, the
enzyme may stop working or it may
denature (be destroyed)

95. What is the optimal (best)
temperature at which this hypothetical
enzyme would work?

96. Different enzymes have different
optimal temperatures.

97. Now do #52- 73

98. Homeostasis:

99. Living things are forever “walking a
tightrope” through life

100. Sometimes TOO hungry, other times
TOO full…

101. Sometimes TOO hot, sometimes TOO
cold….

102. Sometimes too thirsty, sometimes too
wet

103. The struggle against opposing
discomforts…the struggle to find the
happy median between opposing pain is
called:
HOMEOSTASIS or DYNAMIC
EQUILIBRIUM

104. Hormones (chemical messengers in the
blood) help multi-cellular organisms ( like
humans) to maintain homeostasis.

105. By the way: is this person a male or female?
Support your answer.

106. Hormones (chemical messengers in
the blood) help multi-cellular
organisms ( like humans) to maintain
homeostasis.

107. Hormones (homeostasis) work on
feedback system

108. Hormones (homeostasis) work on
feedback system

109. Hormones (homeostasis) work on
feedback system

110. Hormones (homeostasis) work on
feedback system

111. Hormones (homeostasis) work on
feedback system

112. Hormones (homeostasis) work on
feedback system

113. Hormones (homeostasis) work on
feedback system

114. No answer # 74- 109

115. Diseases:

116. Diseases:
(also called ) are
properly

117. are diseases
(germs).
Diseases that one can catch from
.

118. Pathogens make us sick by damaging
our cells and/or our organ
systems, and thus disturbing our
homeostasis

119. How viruses & bacteria attack
our cells:

120. Many viruses and bacteria work
like a lock and key
They have proteins that are shaped
to fit the cells they attack.

121. Burglars have to break into our houses
because they DON’T have the key!

122. imagine what would happen IF a
burglar HAD the keys to our houses!
Man! If I had the
house keys, I’d be a
very rich man!

123. The pathogen that make us sick HAVE the
“keys” to enter our cells and make us sick!

124. Question: why can virus A make Cell A sick
but have NO EFFECT on Cell B?

126. Our bodies
to !

127. Our bodies have defenses against
pathogens….

129. White blood cells are our first responders
to pathogens…

131. made
by certain white blood cells
.
pathogen

132. pathogen

133. Ex. If someone has had chicken pox they
can’t ever get it again…their body has
antibodies that will immediately recognize
and destroy the chicken pox virus.

134. Through science, humans have
learned to fight infectious diseases:
Through antibiotics, antivirals and
vaccines.

135. Antibiotics (ex. penicillin) are CURES to an
infectious disease. Antibiotics KILL the
pathogen.

136. Antibiotics kill bacterial infections by
destroying their cell walls or inhibiting
mitosis. Antibiotics won’t work on viruses
(too small!)

137. Antiviral (like AZT) “kill” viruses. Some
Antivirals can prevent a virus from infecting
a cell.

138. Vaccines:

139. Vaccines:
• Vaccines are dead or
weakened pathogens of a
specific disease .
• a vaccine shot causes one’s
body develop an immune
response (antibodies)
against that specific
pathogen.
• Vaccines are NOT “cures”.

140. Now answer # 110- 130

141. Even the immune system can get
sick!

142. HIV/AIDS: a virus attacks a person’s white
blood cells; destroying the person’s
immunity.
This virus attacks the “soldiers”, that
would kill it!!!!!

143. harmless substances (like
peanuts, dust, eggs, milk, animal fur) as if they
were pathogens.
Some
common
allergens
(allergy
causing
agents)!

144. Autoimmune disease: when one’s own
white blood cells attacks one’s organs.

145. Organ transplants and the immune
system:

146. Doctors have learned SOOOOO much about how
the human body works, they can now transplant
certain organs from one person to an other…

147. Many times, the new body REJECTS the
transplanted organ….

148. the new body does NOT RECOGNIZE the
ANTIGENS of the transplanted organ…the body
sees the new organ as an invading pathogen..

149. The person’s immune system attacks the new
organ.

150. What’s an “antigen” anyway?
How does your immune system
know to reject transplants?

151. Why do soldiers wear uniforms? Why don’t
soldiers wear street clothes into battle?

152. Soldiers wear unique uniforms so they
can recognize their friends and more
importantly recognize the ENEMY!

153. All the cells in your body “wear” a unique
“uniform” called an “antigen”!

154. Antigens are proteins in the cell
membranes of all organisms.

155. The cells of every organism have antigens
unique to that organism…

156. It is like your antigen is your cells’ special
uniform OR….

157. It is like all your cells are carrying a
“club membership” to be in your body!

158. Your body rejects any pathogen or organ
that does NOT have the correct antigens
Yo.
“playboy” Gotta reject ya
Let’s see “playa”! Your
your antigens ain’t
antigens right!
White
Blood cells

159. Now answer # 131-147