Application of "SCOPon" approach to select an Air/Water Heat Pump in Milan (Italy) for Office building & Hotel Application

1. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF
A HEAT PUMP FOR THE
CITY OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Dipl. Eng. Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014

2. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
INTRODUCTION - SCOP
As is known SCOP (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance) describes the
heat pump's average annual efficiency performance.
SCOP is therefore an expression for how efficient a specific heat pump
will be for a given heating demand profile, so in a specific
geographical area.
More precisely, it’s defined two different types of SCOP: SCOPon and
SCOPnet.
Next slides will show the right definition, but take note the first one
(SCOPon) takes into account the contribution - in terms of energy
consumption - of any additional electrical heaters.

3. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
INTRODUCTION - Bivalent Temperature
In addition, we have to remember the meaning of «Bivalent
Temperature». The point where the heat pump's capacity corresponds
exactly to the heating demand is known as the bivalent point. At
temperatures below the bivalent point, the heat pump's capacity has
to be supplemented by backup heating. In the SCOP calculation this is
included as pure electric heating with a COP value of 1, regardless of
whether or not the heat pump has an electric heating element. For
higher temperatures the heat pump will run in part load, which SCOP
also takes into account. These conditions are illustrated in the figure
below

4. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
INTRODUCTION - Bivalent Temperature
Tdesign T [˚C]
kW
Pdesign
A (-7˚C) B (2˚C) C (7˚C) D (12˚C)
88%
54%
35%
15%
Tbivalent
Electric
Backup
Part load
Capacity

5. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
SCOPE
It’s not the purpose of this presentation to explain how to calculate
seasonal coefficients of performance,
BUT THE QUESTIONS ARE:
- considering a given design temperature, it’s better to select a
large heat pump or it’s better a smaller with electrical heater in
addition?
- What is the tool that guides us in an energy-conscious selection?
I TRIED TO REPLY THESE QUESTIONS INTRODUCING A NEW APPROACH
BASED ON SCOPon.
Enjoy your reading!

6. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
APPLICATION:
OFFICE BUILDING
LOCATION:
Milan (Italy)
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
Working Days
Saturday
Sunday & holudays
OPERATING TIMES
ON OFF
OPEN
CLOSE

7. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
APPLICATION:
OFFICE BUILDING
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
Daytime
Night
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
HoursUR%
Annual Operating
Hours Daytime 2670
Hours Night 291
Totale Hours 2961

8. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
APPLICATION:
HOTEL
LOCATION:
Milan (Italy)
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
Working Days
Saturday
Sunday & holudays
OPERATING TIMES
ON OFF
OPEN
CLOSE

9. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
APPLICATION:
HOTELS
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
Daytime
Night
Temperature (°C)
HoursUR%
Temperature (°C)
Annual Operating
Hours Daytime 4116
Hours Night 4116
Totale Hours 8232

10. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
CITY OF MILAN
CALCULATION OF SEASONAL PERFORMANCE (SCOPon) WITH
REFERENCE TO UNI EN 14825
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
Outdoor
Temperature
Water
temperature
supplied
Partial Load
Ration (PLR)
Heating
Building
Capacity
(°C) (°C) % kW
TOL -15 45
JDESIGN -5 45 100% 58,0
A -7 45 - 63,5
B 2 45 67% 38,7
C 7 45 43% 24,9
D 12 45 19% 11,0
Tbalance 16 0% 0,0

11. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
CITY OF MILAN
SELECTION OF AIR/WATER HEAT PUMP SERIES “BLUE BOX_GEYSER 2 HT”,
DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT BIVALENT TEMPERATURE.
 It’s been selected No. 5 different bivalent temperatures:
-5°C / -2°C / 0°C / +2°C / +5°C
 Resulting in selection No. 5 different sizes of Heat Pump:
 Geyser 2 HT 90
 Geyser 2 HT 70
 Geyser 2 HT 60
 Geyser 2 HT 50
 Geyser 2 HT 32

12. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
CITY OF MILAN
SELECTION OF HEAT PUMP SERIES “BLUE BOX_GEYSER 2 HT”
DEPENDING ON BIVALENT TEMPERATURE.
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
Heating Capacity of Heat Pump
JBIV = -5 JBIV = -2 JBIV = 0 JBIV = 2 JBIV = 5
Geyser 2 HT 90 Geyser 2 HT 70 Geyser 2 HT 60 Geyser 2 HT 50 Geyser 2 HT 32
[kW]
PTOL [kW] 48,9 36,5 32,0 27,3 19,6
COPTOL 2,36 2,22 2,29 2,36 2,20
PBIV [kW] 60,5 48,4 44,4 38,4 29,5
COPBIV 2,84 2,90 3,11 3,21 3,35
PA [kW] 58,1 43,7 38,4 32,2 23,4
COPBIV,A 2,75 2,62 2,71 2,74 2,63
PB [kW] 70,0 52,4 46,2 38,4 27,9
COPBIV,B 3,24 3,14 3,24 3,21 3,16
PC [kW] 77,4 57,7 51,1 42,3 30,7
COPBIV,C 3,57 3,47 3,58 3,53 3,50
PD [kW] 85,5 63,3 56,3 46,5 33,6
COPBIV,D 3,92 3,84 3,95 3,82 3,84

13. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014

14. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
SCOPon: DEFINITION
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014

15. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
CITY OF MILAN
CALCULATION OF “SCOPon” (Bin-method, Cfr. EN 14825)
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014

16. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
CITY OF MILAN
CALCULATION OF “SCOPon” FOR EACH HEAT PUMP SIZE
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
Annual Heating
demand of the building
Annual Heat Pump
Capacity
Annual power input with
electrical heater
Annual power input
without electrical heater
Annual Heating
demand of the building
Annual Heat Pump
Capacity
Annual power input with
electrical heater
Annual power input
without electrical heater
kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh
35.427 35.427 12.584 12.584 54.368 54.368 19.306 19.306
SCOPon SCOPnet SCOPon SCOPnet
2,82 2,82 2,82 2,82
35.427 35.331 12.161 12.065 54.368 54.260 18.620 18.512
SCOPon SCOPnet SCOPon SCOPnet
2,91 2,93 2,92 2,93
35.427 34.922 11.810 11.306 54.368 53.745 18.001 17.378
SCOPon SCOPnet SCOPon SCOPnet
3,00 3,09 3,02 3,09
35.427 33.942 12.292 10.807 54.368 52.313 18.691 16.636
SCOPon SCOPnet SCOPon SCOPnet
2,88 3,14 2,91 3,14
35.427 30.255 14.522 9.350 54.368 46.746 22.044 14.422
SCOPon SCOPnet SCOPon SCOPnet
2,44 3,24 2,47 3,24
UFFICI HOTEL
OFFICE BUILDING HOTEL
ITEM 1
ITEM 2
ITEM 3
ITEM 4
ITEM 5

17. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
CITY OF MILAN - RESULT
2.82 2.91 3.00 2.88
2.44
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
-5 -2 0 2 5
MWh/year
Annual Power Input with Electrical heater and SCOPon
Annual Power Input with Elect heater SCOP_on
• Point of Minimum Energy
consumption
• Point of Maximum SCOPon
value
Application : OFFICE BUILGING

18. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
MAIN RESULT
Applying this analytical “SCOPon” approach, with reference to the
obtained datas it is clear that the selection energetically more
convenient is on model GEYSER 2 HT 60, in correspondence of a
bivalent temperature Tbiv = 0°C

19. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
CITY OF MILAN – COMBINED RESULTS: OFFICE BUILDING & HOTEL

20. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
MAIN NOTE
This is an analytical method that could be applied to optimize the
heat pump selection. However, it’s essentially defined for winter
heating. In the Italy area, the application of the reversible heat
pump (for combined use in summer and winter) is much preferred
and used in respect to "just heating" applications.
The strong sensible and latent loads in our "beautiful country" during
summer, heavily influence the selection of the size of the unit.

21. OPTIMIZED SELECTION OF A HEAT PUMP FOR THE CITY 'OF MILAN, USING
“SCOPon” APPROACH
Luca Zordan
Release 06_2014
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
zordanluca@tiscali.it