A presentation on solar photo voltaic system to enhance your skills to start a new business

1. “SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM”
SUBMITTED TO:- GUIDED BY:- SUBMITTED
BY:-
MR. VIRENDRA SWAMI MR. VIRENDRA SWAMI MAYANK
PATEL
MAHARSHI ARVIND COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH CENTER
OCTOBER, 2016
College of Engineering and Research Centre

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 PV CELL
 MATERIAL USED IN PV CELL
 PV MODULE
 PV PANEL
 PV ARRAY
 BENEFITS OF SPV SYSTEMS
 ARRAYS IN PARALLE
 ARRAYS IN SERIES
 BATTERIES
 CHARGE CONTROLLERS
 INVERTERS
 SOLAR LANTERNS
 COLOR DODE OF WIRES
 HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM
 STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Solar PV system Convert solar radiation (Photons) into
electricity. PV systems use PV cells , typically made of crystalline
silicon. No moving parts, noise or emissions. A
Photovoltaic (PV) system is an electrical system consisting of and
array of one or more PV modules, conductors, electrical
components, and one or more loads.

4. PV CELL
 A cell is basic building block of a manufacturer of solar
modules.
 The fundamental physics of the material used determines
the voltage of a cell and the size determine the current.
 This is the smallest unit in the solar PV system.
SOLAR CELL

5. MATERIAL USED IN PV CELL
 There are many materials used to make Solar cells, but
the most common is the Silicon.
 Silicon is second most abundant Element in the earth’s
crust it is therefore Non-toxic and safe.
 This is the same silicon That is used to make computer
chips! Some Of the processing steps involved in making
Solar cell are same as making computer Chips.

6. PV MODULE
 A module is really a basic building for real world remote
power system.
 It is the collections of cells interconnected by usually
that wire, and includes encapsulations to protect the cells
and interconnecting wire from corrosion and impact.
 It usually includes a frame to allow easy mountings.
PV MODULE

7. PV PANEL
 A panel is a collection of modules physically and
electrically grouped together on a structure.
 This would be a building block for larger power systems.
 Usually the modules are wired together on the panel to
give the final system voltage and the panels are wired
together through field junction boxes and then on to the
system controls and batteries.
PV PANEL

8. PV ARRAY
 An array is a full collection of all solar photovoltaic
generators.
 Sometimes an array is so larger that is grouped in to
SUBARRAYS for easier installations and power
management.
 An array can be small as one module and as large as
1,00,000 modules.
PV ARRAY

9. BENEFITS OF SPV SYSTEMS
 Energy independence the most attractive benefit of SPV
system, which means to create your own electrical
power.
 “fuel” is already delivered every where which means you
need sunlight as a fuel.
 Minimum maintenance because there are few moving
parts.
 Maximum reliability because they give more output
compare to other power system.
 Easy expandability because you can make it to give
more output by increasing arrays.

10. ARRAYS IN PARALLEL
 When wiring solar panels in parallel, the amperage
(current) is additive, but the voltage remains the same.
eg. If you had 3 solar panels in parallel and each was
rated at 6 volts and 3 amps, the entire array would be 6
volts and 9 amps.
 The connection is very easy, just connect positive
terminal of one panel to the positive terminal of the other
and negative terminal of one panel to the negative
terminal of second panel

11. ARRAYS IN SERIES
 When wiring solar panels in series, the voltage is
additive, but the current remains the same. eg. If you had
3 solar panels in parallel and each was rated at 5v,7v and
9v volts and 3 amps, the entire array would be 21 volts
and 3 amps.
 The connection is very easy, just connect positive
terminal of one panel to the negative terminal of the
other

12. BATTERIES
 The understood component of the SPV systems is
batteries.
 These are of two types primary and secondary. Primary
are non- rechargeable and secondary are rechargeable.
 Primary batteries are not used in SPV systems because
they cannot be recharged.
 Secondary batteries can store and deliver electrical
energy, and can also be recharged by passing a current
through it in an opposite direction.
 Therefore, secondary batteries are the only option in
SPV systems.

13. BATTERY CAPACITY
Battery capacity is a measure of a battery’s ability to
store or deliver electrical energy, commonly expressed in
units of ampere-hours. An ampere-hour is equal to the
transfer of one ampere over one hour.

14. CHARGE CONTROLLERS
 The charge controllers is the energy manager in stand
alone SPV systems, which ensures that the battery is
cycled under the conditions which do not reduce its
ability to deliver its rated capacity over its expected
lifeline.
 Whenever batteries are included in the system, the
additional facility must be built in, that will protect
against overuse, the protection is given by charge
controllers.
 These are also known as charge regulators.

15. PRIMARY FUNCTINON OF CHARGE CONTROLLERS
The primary function of the charge controllers in a stand
alone SPV system is to protect the battery from over-
charge or over-discharge.
lack of controller may result in shortened battery
lifetime and decrease load availability.
PV ARRAY
CHARGE
CONTROLLE
R
BATTERY LOAD

16. INVERTERS
 A solar inverter converts the variable (DC) output of PV
solar panel in to a utility frequency (AC) that can be fed
in to a commercial electrical grid or used by a local off-
grid electrical network.
 These are also known as converter or PV inverters.

18. SOLAR LANTERNS
CFL BASED:
 A solar photovoltaic (SPV) lantern (solar lantern) is a lighting
system consisting of a lamp, battery and electronics, all placed
in a suitable housing made of metal or plastic or fiber glass,
and a PV module.
 Electricity generated by the PV module charges the battery.
The lantern is portable lighting device suitable for either indoor
or outdoor lighting. Covering a full range of 360.

19. LED BASED:
 A solar photovoltaic (SPV) lantern (solar lantern) is a lighting
system consisting of a W-LED’s, battery and electronics, all
placed in a suitable housing made of metal or plastic or fiber
glass, and a PV module.
 Electricity generated by the PV module charges the battery.
The lantern is portable lighting device suitable for either indoor
or outdoor lighting. White LED is a solid state device which
emits light when an electric current passes through it.

20. COLOR CODE OF WIRES
Wire AC (below 600 volts) DC (below 600 volts)
Neutral or Ground White or Gray White
Hot (high side) Black, Red, Blue or Yellow Black or Red
Equipment ground or
grounding
Green or Green with yellow
stripes
Green or Green with yellow
stripes
In PV systems NEC(national electrical code) specifies the color code of
wires.

22. HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM
 A solar home lighting system (SHS), converts solar energy into
electrical energy and provides a comfortable level of
illumination in one or more rooms of a house.
 There are several (SHS) models featuring one, two or three
CFL’s. the system could also be used to run a small DC fan or a
12 V DC television along with the CFL’s.
 All the models of solar home lighting systems should be
designed to operate for 3-4 hours daily. The actual duration of
lighting could vary depending on the location and season.

24. STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM
 A stand alone SPV street lighting system is an outdoor lighting
used for illuminating an street or an open area.
 It consist of PV modules, CFL’s, lead acid battery, control
electronics, inter connecting wires/cables, module mounting
pole including hardware and battery box.
 The CFL is fixed inside the reflecting case (luminary) which is
mounted on the pole. The PV module is placed at the top of the
pole at an angle to maximize incident solar radiation. A battery
is placed In a box attached to the pole. The module is mounted
facing south as it receives solar radiations throughout the day
without any shadow falling on it.

26. CONCLUSION
This practical training enhances our technical knowledge. We
get to know about different technologies, items, and materials
used in SPV system. And their daily use. We get to know that
how they are manufactured and rated also studied their
functions and concept behind them. This will also help us in
our future and in our placements also. It was a very interesting
and knowledgement training and it was a great opportunity to
be a part of it.

27. THANK YOU