This document provides information about basic cardiac life support (BCLS). It discusses the early signs of cardiac arrest as unresponsiveness, no breathing, and no pulse. Common causes of cardiac arrest include trauma, drowning, choking, and heart attack. The document then describes how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for adults, children, and infants. CPR involves chest compressions and breaths to provide oxygenated blood to the brain and heart. Instructions are provided on assessing the scene, checking responsiveness, calling for help, positioning the patient, checking breathing and pulse, and performing chest compressions and breaths during CPR.

2. BASIC CARDIAC
LIFE SUPPORT
(BCLS)
Prepared By
Aneela Ilyas
Instructor NES

3. CAUSES & SIGNS ARREST
EARLY SIGNS OF
CARDIAC ARREST
Unresponsiveness
No Breathing
No signs of Circulation (Pulse)
CAUSES OF CARDIAC
ARREST
Trauma
Drowning
Choking
Heart Attack

4. CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
(CPR)
CPR: Having a series of ASSESSMENT & INTERVENTIONS
that support CARDIAC & RESPIRATORY functions.
PURPOSE: To provide OXYGENATED blood to BRAIN & HEART.
NOTE: Just HAND, MOUTH, & few steps are needed.

5. ADULT CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
PKLI & RC EMERGENCY CALL NUMBER 3333 & OUTSIDETHE HOSPITAL THEN
CALL RESCUE 1122

6. ADULT CPR
Make sure scene is safe
Check for responsiveness
If no response & you are in PKLI
& RC, then call at 3333
Check for Breathing and Pulse
(not more than 10 seconds)
Start chest compressions
(30) & give 2 breaths
Continue this until AED
arrives or the victim moves

7. 1. ENSURE PERSONAL
SAFETY & ASSESS FOR
UNRESPONSIVENESS
 The patient’s surrounding is
SAFE.
 Put PPEs if the patient is with
Infection.
 Avoid mouth-to-mouth
ventilation if a patient is exposed
to POISON.
 Tap or gently shake the patient &
shout “AREYOU OKAY?”

8. 2. SHOUT FOR HELP 3. POSITIONTHE PATIENT
If absence of breathing, call CODE
BLUE EXTENSION
If the victim is unresponsive with
normal breathing, place the victim in
RECOVERY POSITION & maintain an
open airway otherwise on a supine, firm
& flat surface.

9. 4. CHECK BREATHING & PULSE 5. CPR
(10sec)
A. Open airway (head tilt chin lift)
B. Clear airway
C. Check for breathing (Look, Listen &
Feel)
D. Check CAROTID Pulse
If no SIGNs of LIFE (no pulse &
respiration)
1. Hand Placement:

11. CHILD CPR
Hand placement:
The rescuer can use one or two hands for
compressions
• Place the heel of one hand in the
center of the chest
• Push down at least 1/3 to ½ of the
chest
• (100 compressions/minute)
Reminders:
• Check for Breathing and Pulse (not more than 10
seconds)
• Chest must rise with each breath
• Place hands in the center of the chest for
compression
• Use 1 or 2 hands for compression
• Allow the chest to recoil
• Compression rate: 100/min
• Call rescue 1122 if you are out of hospital

12. INFANT CPR
Two fingers or 2 thumbs can be used
• For 1-rescuer
30 compressions & 2 breaths
• For 2-rescuer
15 compressions & 2 breaths

13. CHOCKING
(if the victim is responsive)
Stand behind the person & wrap your arms around the victim’s
waist
Stand
behind
Make a fist with 1 hand. Place the thumb side of your fist just
above the person’s navel, well below the breastbone
Make
Grasp the fist with your hand
Grasp
Make quick upward &, inward thrusts with your fist continue
until the object is dislodge or the person get unconscious.
Make
If victim becomes unconscious, then start CPR
Start

14. Chocking in
Infants
(if the victim becomes
unconscious then start
CPR)

15. THANKYOU