Chapter 1 Introduction to Safety, Security and First Aid Course- First Aid Safety and Security

1. INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY,
SECURITY AND FIRST AID

2. SPEAKER PROFILE:
MD. SHAIFULLAR RABBI
TOURISM EDUCATOR & CONSULTANT
Professional Experiences
Coordinator & Lecturer- Dept. of Tourism &
Hospitality Management, Daffodil Institute of
IT(Affiliated National University)
Assessor -Bangladesh Technical Education Board
(Ticketing and Reservation)
Guest Trainer - Sheikh Hasina National Institute
ofYouth Development
GuestTrainer - ATABTourismTraining Institute
GuestTrainer- HB AviationTraining Center
Guest Trainer - Bangladesh Hotel Management
TourismTraining Institute
Former Manager sales - Mamun Air Service (IATA
Travel Agency)
Founder –Travel Memoria
Educational Qualifications
MBA & BBA-Major in Tourism &
Hospitality Management, University of
Dhaka.
Certified NTVQF Level -4/Assessor Part
(Ticketing And Reservation)
Completed Diploma Course in Travel
Agency &Tour Operation Management
Certified NTVQF Level 2 Course entitled
Ticketing & Reservation
Certified NTVQF Level 1 Course entitled
Tour Guiding

3. SAFETY
Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the
condition of being protected from harm or other non-
desirable outcomes. Safety can also refer to the control of
recognized hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of
risk.

4. KEY DEFINITION OF SAFETY
• The condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt,
injury,or loss
• A device (as on a weapon or a machine) designed to prevent
inadvertent or hazardous operation
• The state of being safe; freedom from the occurrence or risk of
injury,danger,or loss.
• The quality of averting or not causing injury,danger, or loss.
• A contrivance or device to prevent injury or avert danger.
• Also called lock, safety catch, and safety lock. a locking or cutoff
device that prevents a gun from being fired accidentally.
• The action of keeping safe.

5. TYPES OF SAFETY
• Normative: Normative safety is achieved when a
product or design meets applicable standards and
practices for design and construction or
manufacture, regardless of the product's actual
safety history.
• Substantive: Substantive or objective safety
occurs when the real-world safety history is
favorable, whether or not standards are met.
• Perceived: Perceived or subjective safety refers to
the users' level of comfort and perception of risk,
without consideration of standards or safety
history. For example, traffic signals are perceived
as safe, yet under some circumstances, they can
increase traffic crashes at an intersection.

6. SAFETY MEASURES
• Chemical analysis
• Destructive testing of samples
• Drug testing of employees
• Examination of activities by specialists to minimize physical stress
or increase productivity
• Geological surveys to determine whether land or water sources are
polluted, how firm the ground is at a potential building site, etc.
• Government regulation so suppliers know what standards their
product is expected to meet.
• Industry regulation so suppliers know what level of quality is
expected.
• Instruction manuals explaining how to use a product or perform an
activity
• Instructional videos demonstrating proper use of products
• Root cause analysis to identify causes of a system failure and correct
deficiencies.

7. SAFETY MEASURES
• Internet safety or Online Safety is protection of
the user's safety from cyber threats or computer
crime in general.
• Periodic evaluations of employees, departments, etc.
• Physical examinations to determine whether a
person has a physical condition that would create a
problem.
• Process safety management is an analytical tool
focused on preventing releases of highly hazardous
chemicals.
• Safety margins/Safety factors.
• Self-imposed regulation of various types.
• Implementation of standard protocols and
procedures so that activities are conducted in a
known way.

8. SAFETY MEASURES
• Statements of ethics by industry organizations or an individual
company so its employees know what is expected of them.
• Stress testing subjects a person or product to stresses in excess
of those the person or product is designed to handle, to
determining the "breaking point".
• Training of employees,vendors,product users
• Visual examination for dangerous situations such as
emergency exits blocked because they are being used as
storage areas.
• Visual examination for flaws such as cracks, peeling, loose
connections.
• X-ray analysis to see inside a sealed object such as a weld, a
cement wall or an airplane outer skin.

9. SECURITY
Security is freedom from, or resilience
against, potential harm (or other
unwanted coercive change) caused by
others. Beneficiaries (technically referents)
of security may be of persons and social
groups, objects and institutions, ecosystems
or any other entity or phenomenon
vulnerable to unwanted change.

10. KEY DEFINITION OF SECURITY
The quality or state of being secure: such as
• freedom from danger : SAFETY
• freedom from fear or anxiety
• freedom from the prospect of being laid off job security
 An instrument of investment in the form of a document (such as a
stock certificate or bond) providing evidence of its ownership
Something that secures : PROTECTION
• measures taken to guard against espionage or sabotage, crime,
attack,or escape
• an organization or department whose task is security

11. MAIN FOCUS OF SECURITY
• Security of Men
• Security of Materials
• Security of Information

12. CATEGORY OF SECURITY
IT realm Security
• Communications security
• Computer security
• Internet security
• Application security
• Data security
• Digital security
• Information security
• Network security
• Endpoint security

13. PHYSICAL SECURITY
• Airport security
• Corporate security
• Food security
• Environmental security
• Home security
• Infrastructure security
• Physical security
• Port security/Supply chain security
• Security bag
• Security print
• Border Security
• Security seal

14. POLITICAL SECURITY
• National security
• Public security
• Homeland security
• Internal security
• International security
• Human security

15. MONETARY SECURITY
• Economic security/financial security
• Social security

16. CONTEXTS OF SECURITY
• Computer security
• Corporate security
• Ecological security
• Food security
• Home security
• Human security
• National security

17. SECURITY CONCEPTS
• Access control - the selective restriction of access to a place or
other resource.
• Assurance - an expression of confidence that a security
measure will perform as expected.
• Authorization - the function of specifying access
rights/privileges to resources related to information security
and computer security in general and to access control in
particular.
• Countermeasure - a means of preventing an act or system from
having its intended effect.
• Defense in depth - a school of thought holding that a wider
range of security measures will enhance security

18. SECURITY CONCEPTS
• Exploit (noun) - a means of capitalizing on a vulnerability in a
security system (usually a cyber-security system).
• Identity management - enables the right individuals to access
the right resources at the right times and for the right reasons.
• Resilience - the degree to which a person, community, nation or
system is able to resist adverse external forces.

19. SECURITY CONCEPTS
• Risk - a possible event which could lead to damage, harm, or
loss.
• Security management - identification of an organization's
assets (including people, buildings, machines, systems and
information assets), followed by the development,
documentation, and implementation of policies and procedures
for protecting these assets.
• Threat - a potential source of harm.
• Vulnerability - the degree to which something may be changed
(usually in an unwanted manner) by external forces.

20. FIRST AID
• First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any
person suffering from either a minor or
serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life,
prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote
recovery. It includes initial intervention in a serious condition
prior to professional medical help being available, such as
performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while waiting
for an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of
minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut. First
aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person
suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with
care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from
worsening, or to promote recovery. It includes initial
intervention in a serious condition prior to professional
medical help being available, such as
performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while waiting
for an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of
minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut.

21. FIRST AID IS PROVIDEDWITH THE
AIMS TO
• Preserve life
• Prevent further harm
• Promote recovery

22. THE THREE PS OF FIRST AID
• Preserve life- The overriding aim of all medical care which
includes first aid, is to save lives and minimize the threat of death.
First aid done correctly should help reduce the patient's level of
pain and calm them down during the evaluation and treatment
process.
• Prevent further harm- Prevention of further harm includes
addressing both external factors, such as moving a patient away
from any cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to
prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to
stop a bleed becoming dangerous.
• Promote recovery- First aid also involves trying to start the
recovery process from the illness or injury, and in some cases
might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of
applying a plaster to a small wound.

23. SETTING THE PRIORITIES
• Catastrophic bleeding (massive external bleeding)
• Airway (clearing airways)
• Breathing (ensuring respiration)
• Circulation (internal bleeding)
• Disability (neurological condition)
• Environment (overall examination,environment)

24. TRAINING PRINCIPLES
Basic principles, such as knowing the use of adhesive
bandage or applying direct pressure on a bleed, are often
acquired passively through life experiences. However, to
provide effective, life-saving first aid interventions requires
instruction and practical training. This is especially true where
it relates to potentially fatal illnesses and injuries, such as
those that require CPR; these procedures may be invasive,
and carry a risk of further injury to the patient and the
provider. As with any training, it is more useful if it
occurs before an actual emergency, and in many countries,
emergency ambulance dispatchers may give basic first aid
instructions over the phone while the ambulance is on the
way.

25. TYPES OF FIRST AID WHICH REQUIRE
TRAINING
• Aquatic/Marine first aid
• Battlefield first aid
• Hyperbaric first aid
• Oxygen first aid
• Wilderness first aid
• Mental health first aid

26. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS THAT OFTEN REQUIRE
FIRST AID
• Altitude sickness, which can begin in susceptible people at
altitudes as low as 5,000 feet, can cause potentially fatal swelling
of the brain or lungs.
• Battlefield first aid—this protocol refers to treating shrapnel,
gunshot wounds, burns and bone fractures as seen either in the
traditional battlefield setting or in an area subject to damage by
large-scale weaponry,such as a bomb blast.
• Bone fracture, a break in a bone initially treated by stabilizing
the fracture with a splint.
• Burns, which can result in damage to tissues and loss of body
fluids through the burn site.
• Cardiac Arrest, which will lead to death unless CPR preferably
combined with an AED is started within minutes.
• Choking, blockage of the airway which can quickly result in
death due to lack of oxygen .

27. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS THAT OFTEN REQUIRE
FIRST AID
• Childbirth
• Diving disorders
• Heart attack, or inadequate blood flow to the blood
vessels supplying the heart muscle.
• Heat stroke, also known as sunstroke or hyperthermia,
which tends to occur during heavy exercise in high
humidity, or with inadequate water, though it may occur
spontaneously in some chronically ill persons.
• Heat syncope, another stage in the same process as
heat stroke, occurs under similar conditions as heat
stroke and is not distinguished from the latter by some
authorities.
• Heavy bleeding, treated by applying pressure
(manually and later with a pressure bandage) to the
wound site and elevating the limb if possible.

28. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS THAT OFTEN REQUIRE
FIRST AID
• Hypothermia, or Exposure, occurs when a person's core body
temperature falls below 33.7 °C (92.6 °F).
• Insect and animal bites and stings.
• Joint dislocation
• Poisoning, which can occur by injection, inhalation,
absorption, or ingestion?
• Stroke, a temporary loss of blood supply to the brain.
• shock and Electric shock- electrical injury
• Toothache, which can result in severe pain and loss of the tooth
but is rarely life-threatening, unless over time the infection
spreads into the bone of the jaw and stats osteomyelitis.
• Wounds and bleeding,
including lacerations,incisions and abrasions

29. FIRST AID KITS
A first aid kit consists of a strong, durable
bag or transparent plastic box. They are
commonly identified with a white cross on
a green background. A first aid kit does not
have to be bought ready-made. The
advantage of ready-made first aid kits is
that they have well organized
compartments and familiar layouts.

30. CONTENTS
• Information leaflet
• Medium sterile dressings
• Large sterile dressings
• Bandages
• Triangular dressings
• Safety pins
• Adhesive dressings
• Sterile wet wipes
• Micro porous tape
• Nitrile gloves
• Face shield
• Foil blanket
• Burn dressings
• Clothing shears
• Conforming bandages
• Finger dressing
• Antiseptic cream
• Scissors
• Tweezers

31. PROPER HANDWASHING
TECHNIQUE
• Completely wet your hands and generously apply soap.
• Rub vigorously for at least 20 seconds
• Rinse your hands with plenty of running water.
• Dry your hands with a towel or air dryer.

32. THANKYOU ALL