CANCER BIOLOGY : ■INTRODUCTION OF CANCER ■CAUSES OF CANCER ■NORMAL CELL vs TUMOUR CELLS ■TYPES OF TUMOURS ■METASTASIS ■TYPES OF CANCER ■CANCER THERAPY ■PREVENTION #FOLLOW ME FOR MORE PPTS THANK YOU

1. CANCER BIOLOGY
PRESENTED BY
M.NAGAPRADHEESH
II M.Sc., Bio Technology

2. CONCEPT MAP
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF CANCER
NORMAL CELLS Vs CANCER CELLS
TYPES OF TUMOURS
METASTASIS
TYPES OF CANCER
CANCER THERAPY
PREVENTION

5. • Cancer cells are cells gone wrong — in other words,
they no longer respond to many of the signals that
control cellular growth and death. Cancer cells
originate within tissues and, as they grow and divide,
they diverge ever further from normalcy. Over time,
these cells become increasingly resistant to the controls
that maintain normal tissue — and as a result, they
divide more rapidly than their progenitors and become
less dependent on signals from other cells. Cancer cells
even evade programmed cell death, despite the fact that
their multiple abnormalities would normally make them
prime targets for apoptosis.

8. How Do Cancer Cells Differ from
Normal Cells?
• In normal cells, hundreds of genes intricately
control the process of cell division. Normal
growth requires a balance between the activity
of those genes that promote cell proliferation
and those that suppress it. It also relies on the
activities of genes that signal when damaged
cells should undergo apoptosis.

9. Microevolution of a cancer cell

10. Types of Genes that Cause Cancer
• proto-oncogenes,
• Tumor suppressor genes
• DNA repair genes

11. • Proto-oncogenes are involved in normal cell
growth and division. However, when these
genes are altered in certain ways or are more
active than normal, they may become cancer-
causing genes (or oncogenes)

12. • Tumor suppressor genes are also involved in
controlling cell growth and division. Cells with
certain alterations in tumor suppressor genes
may divide in an uncontrolled manner.

13. • DNA repair genes are involved in fixing
damaged DNA. Cells with mutations in these
genes tend to develop additional mutations in
other genes and changes in their
chromosomes, such as duplications and
deletions of chromosome parts. Together,
these mutations may cause the cells to
become cancerous.

14. TUMOUR
• Tumour is an abnormal mass of tissue
resulting from uncontrolled division
• tumour is of two types.
 Benign tumour
 Malignant tumour

15. Benign tumour
 Do not spread other body parts
 Generally localized in small size
 Slow rate of Division
 Easily removed by surgery
 Do not break up any body parts

16. Malignant tumours
Spread to other parts of body
High rate of division
Spread by forming Metastasis
Cells travel through circulation

17. Metastasis.
• A cancer that has spread from the place where
it first formed to another place in the body is
called metastatic cancer. The process by which
cancer cells spread to other parts of the body
is called metastasis.

20. Types of Cancer
• Cancers are named for the area in which they
begin and the type of cell they are made of, even
if they spread to other parts of the body.
• Carcinoma is a cancer that starts in the skin or
the tissues that line other organs.
• Sarcoma is a cancer of connective tissues such as
bones, muscles, cartilage, and blood vessels.
• Leukemia is a cancer of bone marrow, which
creates blood cells.
• Lymphoma and myeloma are cancers of the
immune system.

24. CANCER THERAPY

25. IMMUNO THERAPY

26. GENE THERAPY

27. STEM CELL TRANSPLANT THERAPY

28. NANOPARTICLE MEDIATED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM