1. Tools of Project Analysis and
Design
Presentation on
Course DS4105 : Project Planning and Evaluation
Techniques
Submitted by
Group 4
Asif Anzum
172110
S.M Sakib Hasan 172111
Sakil Ahmed 172113
Shakil Ahmed 172119
Mortuza Tohan 172127
Keya Halder
172131
Md. Touhiduzzaman
172135

2. Presentation Outline
• Stakeholder Analysis
• The purpose of stakeholder analysis
• How to Develop and Use Stakeholder Analysis
• Logical Framework analysis
• Three Stages to Success
• The two Main Stages of Logical Framework Analysis
• SWOT Analysis
• Strength
• Weakness
• Opportunity
• Threat
• Social Impact Assessment

3. Stakeholder Analysis
When it comes to any organizational project, all of the
internal people and teams who the project will involve
or affect are called its stakeholders.
 A stakeholder analysis is a process of identifying
these people before the project begins; grouping
them according to their levels of participation, interest,
and influence in the project; and determining how
best to involve and communicate each of these
stakeholder groups throughout.

4. The purpose of stakeholder
analysis
To enlist the help of key organizational players.
To gain early alignment among all stakeholders on goals
and plans.
To help address conflicts or issues early on.

5. Why Stakeholder Analysis Is Important
A stakeholder analysis can help a project to identify:
The interests of all stakeholders, who may affect or be affected by the
project
Potential issues that could disrupt the project
Key people for information distribution during executing phase
Groups that should be encouraged to participate in different stages of
the project
Communication planning & stakeholder management strategy during
project planning phase
Ways to reduce potential negative impacts & manage negative
stakeholders

6. When to Use Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder analysis can be undertaken throughout all stages
of the project cycle, but it definitely should be undertaken at
the outset of a project or programme.
In particular, during the Define phase, stakeholder analysis
is a crucial component of situation analysis As you go
through your situation analysis, stakeholder analysis
provides a preliminary identification of key stakeholders,
indicating who is important and influential and how they
can be involved in the program.

7. Continued…
During the Design phase , a detailed stakeholder analysis,
involving all key stakeholders, will help shape the
development of strategic actions and inform risk analysis.
In the Implement phase ,, stakeholder analysis will help
identify who, how and when stakeholders should be involved
in project activities.

8. Continued…
Later, during the Analyze/Adapt and Share phases, the
stakeholder analysis serves as a reminder, providing a
benchmark against which projects can monitor and evaluate
the effectiveness of their engagement with stakeholders,
both supportive and opposing.

9. How to Develop and Use Stakeholder
Analysis
There are a number of ways of undertaking a stakeholder
analysis. Workshops, focus groups and interviews are three
common approaches. During the course of the project cycle
you may use all three, matching the technique to the
evolving needs of the project. Whatever approach is used,
there are three essential steps in stakeholder analysis. They
are:
1. Identifying the key stakeholders and their interests in the

10. Continued…
2. Assessing the influence and importance of each
stakeholder as well as the potential impact of the project
upon each stakeholder
3. Identifying how best to engage stakeholders
4. Prioritize your stakeholders
5. Outline Assumptions and Risks
6. Define Stakeholder Participation
7. Figure out how to communicate with and win buy-in
from each type of stakeholder

11. Example of Stakeholder Analysis
Context Diagram

12. 12
Logical Framework
The term Logical Framework also known as "logframe" was developed in the late
1960 to assist the US Agency of International Development (USAID) with project
planning. Now most of the donor agencies use this framework as a tool to guide
the project design.
• Simple planning tool that helps to strengthen project design, implementation
and evaluation.
• This is the tool which organizes our thinking, relates activities and investment
to expected results.
• This tool assists to allocate the responsibilities and to set performance
indicators, also ensures the concise and unambiguous flow of information in
pre, during and post phase of the project.

13. • Logical Framework Analysis is the analytical process and set of tools used to
support objectives-oriented evaluation.
• The LFA describes the project in a logical way so that the project becomes
well designed, clearly structured, described objectively and can be evaluated
capably.
13
Logical Framework Analysis

14. • Stage one - Top Down ( Objectives).
• Stage two - Work Across ( Measurable Indicators and Means of Verification)
• Stage three - Bottom Up ( Assumption )
Stage One - Top Down
1. Goal
The ultimate result to which a project is contributing.
Example : Increasing the literacy rate among X community.
14
Three Stages to Success

15. 2. Purpose
The final result or the effect of the project. The purpose should be clear and brief.
Example: School attendance of 6-10 years old children of the X community is
increased.
3. Outputs
The specifically intended results of the project activities. There may be several
outputs in different stages of a project.
Example :Several new teachers are recruited, consciousness among the parent
has been increased.
4. Activities
These are needed for achieving each output. Statements must be brief and there
we need to use action words.
Example: Appropriate accommodation of teachers, holding training sessions for 15
Three Stages to Success

16. Stage Two: Work Across
5. Indicators
It refers to the quantitative or qualitative ways of measuring progress of a project.
Indicators need to follow 'QQT', Quality, Quantity and Timing.
Example :How many children attending school ( specified) in time.
6. Information Sources
It is also known as means of verification for each indicator. What types of
information we need and from how and where - all these questions are answered
by the MoV.
Example:
-Records,
-Weekly reports,
-Written Schedules
16
Three Stages to Success

17. Stage Three- Bottom Up
7. External Factors
Some external factors ( outside our control) can hamper output. Such as
political, economic, climatic and so on.
Example: Due to heavy rain the children can not go to school.
8. Double check
-The activities and the goals are compatible or not.
- The indicators are working thoroughly or not.
- The relation between the project staffs and the project objectives. Are the
staffs committed?
- Level of risk and so on.
17
Three Stages to Success

18. The first stage is the Analysis stage. this stage includes:
a. Preparatory Analysis: Analysis of policy, sector and institutional context within
which a project will be implemented.
b. Stakeholder Analysis: Analysis of who. There are some basic questions -
- Whose problems or opportunities are we analyzing?
- Who will get benefit or who will loose out from the proposed project?
c. Problem Analysis : Analysis of the negative aspects of the existing situation,
selecting a focal problem then looking for the related problems and connect
them, in other words creating a cause and effect relationships between the
problems.
18
The two Main Stages of Logical
Framework Analysis

19. d. Analysis of Objective : Convert the problems into the objectives and
cause effect to means end.
e. Analysis of Strategies : Analysis of - key policy objectives, distribution of
costs and benefits to target groups, market suitability, environmental
impact, environmental costs vs benefits etc.
19
The two Main Stages of LFA

20. The second stage is Logical Framework Planning. This stage includes Logical
Framework Matrix preparation.
A logical framework matrix is the output of a program design process where you work
out how the program activities will lead to the immediate outputs, and how these will
lead to the outcomes and goal. In an ideal world, a logframe should be flexible and
updated frequently.
The Logical Framework Approach takes the form of a four-by-four project table, often
referred to as a "Logframe".
The rows represent types of events that take place as a project is implemented:
Activities, Outputs, Purpose and Goal.
The columns represent types of information about the events: a Narrative description,
Objectively Verifiable Indicators of these events taking place, Means of Verification
where information will be available on the OVIs, and Assumptions.
Assumptions are external factors that could have an influence, whether positive or
20
The two Main Stages of LFA

21. 21
The two Main Stages of LFA
• If these Activities are implemented,
and these Assumptions hold, then
these Outputs will be delivered.
• If these Outputs are delivered, and
these Assumptions hold, then this
Purpose will be achieved.
• If this Purpose is achieved, and these
Assumptions hold, then this Goal will
be achieved.
Project
Summary
Indicators Means of
Verification
Assumptions
Goal
Purpose
Output 500 grades 5-6
students with
low reading
proficiency
complete a
reading
summer camp.
Activities Run 5 summer
reading
camps, each
with capacity
for 100 grades
5-6 students.
Parents of
children with
low reading
proficiency
are willing to
send them to
the camp.
IF
AND
Then

22. 22
Example of logical framework

23. 23
Logical Framework Analysis
Disadvantages
• Focusing too much on problems rather
than opportunities and vision.
• Organizations may promote a blueprint,
rigid or inflexible approach, making the
logframe a straitjacket to creativity and
innovation.
• Limited attention to problems of
uncertainty where a learning or adaptive
approach to project design and
management is required .
• The strong focus on results can miss the
opportunity to define and improve
processes.
Advantages
• During initial stages, it can be used to test
project ideas and concepts for relevance
and usefulness.
• It guides systematic and logical analysis of
the key interrelated elements that
constitute a well-designed project.
• It defines linkages between the project
and external factors.
• During implementation, the logframe
serves as the main reference for drawing
up detailed work plans, terms of
reference, budgets, etc.
• A logframe provides indicators against
which the project progress and
achievements can be assessed .
• It provides a shared methodology and
terminology among governments, donor
agencies, contractors and clients.

25. To make a summary analysis of external and internal factors
To identify key items for the management of the organization
To prepare strategic options
To determine the diagnosis of the project
1
2
3
4
Objectives Of SWOT Analysis

26. Strengt
h
Does the organization have the necessary skills in-
house?
Has a budget been assigned to the project?
What are the business benefits of completing the
project?
Will the project require new technology or equipment?
How experienced is the project team on similar
projects?

27. Weaknesses
Unrealistic
estimation of
resource
Cost & Time
frame
Environme
nt of the
project
Communica
tion
Lack of
experience
within the
project Team
Imperfect
Methodolog
y

28. Typical Questions
for Weaknesses
Does the
company
have the
budget to
provide
contingenc
y funding?
What are the
drawbacks of
the project?
Will parts of
the project
need to be
outsourced?
Is the
proposed
schedule
realistic?
Is there a
reliable
estimate of
costs
available?

29. What is Opportunity?
In the project management context, the term
Opportunity typically refers to a positive light that
refers specifically to a condition or situation that is
favorable to the project, as well as any potential
risks that could have a potentially positive impact
on the sum total of all project objectives and any
future changes that may take places as well.

30. Here are some opportunities that nearly every project
design includes…
1. Take the opportunity to recognize and reward
success.
2. Take the opportunity to provide and ask for feedback.
3. Take the opportunity to network with professional
project managers in your field regarding lessons
learned.
4. Take the opportunity to utilize and involve senior
leadership and your sponsor.
Opportunities

31. 5. Take the opportunity to recognise cultural
boundaries, international holidays and cultural
differences, etc.
6. Encourage Opportunity Management within your
teams.
7. Maintaining and ensuring good relationships with
the client and other stakeholders which may provide
opportunities in future.
8. Conveying the message of delivering quality
projects safely and on time which again will increase
opportunities for further work and would also add to
the company’s reputation.
Continu
ed…

32. Economy
Environmental
factors
Political influences
Competitor activity
Seasonal effects
Threats

33. Is there well-established
competition already in the
marketplace?Are experienced staff
difficult to replace?
Has new
technology
been fully
tested?
Could national or global
economic conditions
affect the project?
Typical questions
for Threats

34. Is a way to assess the impacts on society of
certain development schemes and projects
before they go ahead - for example, new
roads, industrial facilities, mines, dams, ports,
airports. Etc.
"Social impact assessment includes the
processes of analysing, monitoring and
managing the intended and unintended
social consequences, both positive and
negative, of planned interventions.
Social Impact Assessment

35. ♔
♖
♗
♘
♙
♜
♛
1
2
34
5
6
There should not be any
type of harassment or
violence during
assessment.
Respect for human
rights
Sensitive and mutual
respect based
Promoting equity
and democratization
Assessment should
be modifiable.
Fair and transparent
decision making
Principles of
SIA

36. Collects baseline
data and analyse.
Coordinates with
the stakeholders
and suggest
alternatives
Identifies
interested and
affected
peoples
Documents
and analyses
the local
historical
setting
01
03
02
04
Scope of
SIA

37. 01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Cultural Impact
Assessment
Identify and
Analyze
Stakeholder
Project and Policy
Hazard and
Risk
Assessment
Economic
Impact
Assessment
Final report
Writing and
Editing
Project and
policy
assessment
Identify and
Assess
Alternatives
Steps of Social Impact
Assessment