2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
❑To be able to determine the Qualities of a Good First
Aider.
❑To be able to Demonstrate Basic Life Support.
❑To determine the Rules of Given First Aid.
❑To be able to identify the different types of First Ais
❑The Importance of ABC of Life
3. First Aid
- It is urgent care given to an injured or
unexpectedly ill person.
- “skilled application of treatment using
facilities or materials available at the time
while waiting to medical assistance to arrive”
4. First Aider
- A person that deals with the whole
situation involving the patient and the
injury or illness.
5. 3 Aims of the First Aid
1. To preserve life – this is the main aim
of first aid.
2. To prevent further harm / Injury.
3. Promote Recovery.
6. Vitals First Aid Skills
ABC of Life
1. Airway
2. Breathing
3. Circulation
8. G R O T E R
Gentle
Resourceful
Observant Tactful
Empathetic
Respectable
9. GUIDELINES FOR
ADMINISTERING FIRST AID
❖ Calm and Composed
❖ Your Own Safety First
❖ Emergency Response System
❖ Comfort of the Injured Person
❖ Stopping any Bleeding
❖ Immobilizing a Person with Neck, Head, and
Back pain
❖ Keeping a First Aid KIT
10.
11. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
First aid procedure intended to revive a heart and
lung arrest within 3-4 minutes.
BENEFITS OF CPR
❑ Compression of the chest cavity creates blood
flow.
❑ Providing some oxygen to the body during cardiac
arrest.
❑ Immediate CPR could or triple the chances of
survival.
12.
13. STEPS OF CPR
1. Check for scene safety and approach patient safety.
2. Check Responsiveness.
❑ 3-5 seconds
❑ Gently TAP OR SQUEEZE the shoulder and ask loudly.
3. Shout for Help
❑ HELP!HELP! CALL 911..ACTIVATE E.M.S…! AND GET THE A.E.D.
4. Check the carotid pulse and scan the chest for breathing.
❑ Check not for than 10 seconds….
❑ “the patient is breathless and pulseless! I’m going to start Chest compression.
5. Give 30 COMPRESSIONS
❑ “PUSH HARD + PUSH FAST”
6. Open the Airway.
7. Give 2 rescue breaths.
8. Repeat for 5 cycles of CPR or 2 minutes of cycles or until there is ROSC.
9. Reassess for Breathing and pulse
14.
15.
16. WHEN TO STOP CPR
S - SPONTANEOUS BREATHING AND PULSE ARE PRESENT
T - THE HEALTHCARE TEAM ARRIVES
O - OVER-EXHAUSTION OF THE RESCUER
P - THE PHYSICIAN DECLARED THAT THE PATIENT IS DEAD
17. Complication of CPR
F - Fractured Ribs
L - lacerated liver
A -Atelectasis (due to lung punctured lungs)
G - Gastric Distention
18. Emergency Care
✓ Check the victim for life-threatening conditions.
✓ Call 911
✓ Care for the victim. Ask permission to help, if unconscious
implies consent.
Good Samaritan Law
❑ Statutes (laws) that protect rescuers from being
sued for giving emergency care.
❑ You may not provide care beyond your level of
training.
❑ You may be acting to the best of the victim.
19. CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
o A sequence of actions that minimize the
victim’s chances of survival.
• Survey the scene
• Check the victims for consciousness.
• Call 911 if needed.
• Provide necessary care.
23. Wound
– Is the break in the continuity of a
tissue to the body either external or internal.
- it is an injury to the body (as from
violence, accident, or surgery) that typically involves
laceration or breaking of the membrane, and usually
damage to the underlying tissues.
24. Types of Wound
1. Closed Wound – a wound where the outer layer of
the skin is intact (epidermis) and the damage lies
below the surface.
Examples
❑ Bruises Dislocation
❑ Swelling Closed Fracture
❑ Strain
❑ Sprain
25. Management for Minor closed Wound
❑ Rest– let the injured part rest to reduce the inducing of additional
pain.
❑ Immobilize – prevent further normal movement to the injured area.
❑ Cold Compress – apply an ice pack to the injured or swollen area to
reduce the swelling.
❑ Elevate – raise the injured part 8-12 inches or at least above the
heart.
26. Signs of internal bleeding or severe
internal bleeding:
❑Bruise or contusions of the skin.
❑Painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen.
❑Vomiting or coughing up blood.
❑Stools that are black or contain bright
red blood.
27. Management For a Major closed wounds or
severe internal bleeding
❑ Monitor ABCs ( Airway, Breathing, Circulation).
❑ Keep the victim lying on his/her left side.
❑ Treat for shock by raising the vvictim’slegs 8-12
inches or above the heart.
❑ Seek immediate medical attention.
28. 2. Open Wound
- an injury involving an external or external break in
the body tissue, usually involving the skin.
❑ Puncture – a hole or wound caused by a sharp pointed
object.
❑ Abrasion – an injury caused by something that rubs or
scrapes against the skin.
❑ Laceration – a deep cut or tear of the flesh.
❑ Avulsion – is an injury in which body structure is torn off by
either trauma or surgery.
❑ Amputation – acquired condition that results in the loss of
limb usually from injury, disease, or surgery.
29. Burn
- a type of injury to the skin,
or other tissues caused by heat,
cold, electricity, chemical,
friction, or radiation.
30.
31. Types of Burn
1. First Degree burn
(superficial)
– only the skin’s outer layer
is damaged.
Symptoms:
❑ Redness
❑ Mild swelling
❑ Tenderness
❑ Pain
What to do:
o Immerse in cold water
for 10-45 mins or cold
wet cloths to stop burn
progression.
o May use other liquids or
burn ointment.
32. 2. Second–degree burn (Partial Thickness)
- Epidermis and upper regions of the dermis are damaged.
Symptoms:
o Blister, swelling, the weeping of fluids, and severe pain.
What to do:
❑ Immerse in cold water/ wet pack
❑ Advise to take pain reliever when experiencing severe pain.
❑ May use other liquid or burn ointment.
❑ Do not break blister.
❑ May seek medical attention.
33. 3. Third-degree burn (Full Thickness)
- severe burns that penetrate all skin layers, into the underlying fat
and music.
Symptoms:
❑ Burned area gray-white,
❑ Cherry red, or black
What to do:
o Usually not necessary to apply cold to the area of the third degree.
o Do not apply ointments.
o Apply sterile, non-stick dressing.
o Check ABC’s
o Musk seeks medical attention.
34. Classification of Burns
1. Thermal ( Heat)
Ex: Flames
Hot objects
The flammable vapor that ignites
Steam or hot liquid
What to do:
❑ Stop the burning.
❑ Determine the depth (degree) of the burn.
35. B. Chemical Burn
- Burn is caused by direct contact with chemical into
the skin.
Ex:
o Car battery solutions
o Hydrochloric acid (Muriatic).
o Ammonia
o Bleach
36. What to do:
❑ Remove the Chemical by flushing the area with
water.
❑ Remove the victim’s contaminated clothing and
jewelry while flushing with water.
❑ Cover the burned area with a dry, sterile
dressing.
❑ Seek medical attention.
37. 3. Electrical Burns
- a mild electrical shock can cause serious internal
injuries.
What to do:
❑ Unplug, disconnect, or turn off the power.
❑ Checks ABCs.
❑ If the victim fell, check for spinal injury.
❑ Treat the victim for shock by elevating the legs 8-12
inches or above the heart.
❑ Seek medical attention immediately.
38.
39. Universal Precaution
1. Steps taken to prevent the spread of disease
through blood and other bodily fluid.
2. Chemical resistance gloves (Latex).
3. Wash hands immediately after giving First
Aid.
4. Use mouthpiece or rescue mask in providing
CPR.
40.
41. Bleeding
- is the loss of blood. It can be
external, or outside the body,
like when you get a cut or wound.
42. Controlling Bleeding
❑ Raise the wound above the level of the heart.
❑ Cover with sterile cloth or gauze.
❑ Use direct pressure to control bleeding.
❑ Once bleeding stops secure gauze and seek medical
attention.
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44.
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51.
52. FIRST AID FOR CHOKING
Conscious Patient
❑ Stand behind the victim, and wrap your arm around
their waist.
❑ Make a fist with one hand grasp it with your other
hand.
❑ Quick upward thrust.
❑ Repeat until the object is released.
53. FIRST AID FOR CHOKING
Unconscious Patient
❑ Lower the victim to the ground and try to
clear the airway.
❑ Reach into mouth and sweep the object out
with one finger.
❑ If object cannot be dislodged begin CPR.
Cardiopulmonary may dislodged the object.
54.
55.
56. First Aid for Choking ( Alone)
❑Perform Abdominal thrust on yourself.
❑Position your abdomen over a rigid
structure (Back of chair).
❑Press against the object to thrust your
abdomen upward or inward.
57. First Aid for Shock
❑ A life-threatening condition in which the heart is not
delivering an adequate supply of oxygen.
Symptoms:
a. Cold clammy skin
b. Weak
c. Rapid pulse and altered breathing.
d. Confusion
e. Loss of consciousness.
58.
59.
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68.
69. First Aid for Shock
❑ Call 911.
❑ Lie the victim down and elevate the feet 12 inches. Keep
warm.
❑ Loosen constricted clothing and keep calm. Roll victim to side
if they begin to vomit.
❑ Do not move the victim if for suspected injury of head, neck,
or spine.
71. First Aid
P - Protect wrap with a bandage or splint.
R - Rest injured area for at least 1 day.
I - Ice to reduce swelling and pain. 10 – 15 minutes 3x
a day.
C - Compress wrap firmly with a bandage.
E - Elevate – raise above the heart.
74. First aid for Fracture and Dislocation
❑ Call 911.
❑ Keep the victim calm.
❑ If the skin is broken rinse to prevent infection.
❑ Cover with sterile Dressing.
❑ Immobilize the area.
❑ Apply ice.
75. Fainting
- Occurs when there is not enough oxygen flow to the
brain.
- Try to prevent the victim from falling.
- Lay victim to the floor and elevate flow.
- If the person vomit, roll him/her to “Recovery Position”
76. Animal Bites
❑ Possible transmission of a viral disease called
“Rabies”
❑ A vaccine can prevent rabies if given within 2
days of exposure.
❑ Treat as an open wound.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
77. Nosebleeds
- Caused by irritation or injury of the lining of the nose.
First Aid:
❑ Use a protective barrier when caring for someone
else.
❑ Sit down and pinch the end of the nose with your
thumb and finger.
❑ Lean forward and breathe through the mouth, apply
ice to the bridge of the nose.
78. Poisoning
Poison – a substance that causes injury when the body
Call the National poison
management center and control
center.
79. Snake Bite
Venom – poisonous secretion injected.
Example:
Rattlesnakes, Copperheads, Cobras, Coral snakes,
and water moccasin
