Zinc-nickel with cobalt free passivation provides exceptional corrosion resistance. This presentation given at ASEAN brake conference in February 2015 outlines the technology.

1. Alan Gardner
Global Marketing Manager
MacDermid
Environmentally Compliant Coatings

2. MacDermid – Part of the Platform Specialty Products Corporation
Paper # (if applicable) 2

3. MacDermid – Portfolio Overview
Paper # (if applicable) 3
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Printing
Solutions
Advanced
Surface
Finishing
Autotype
Electronic Solutions
Industrial Solutions
Offshore
High quality precision hard coated
films for use in automotive and
electronics industries
Specialty chemical manufacturer and a key component of the surface
finishing supply chain for industries including aerospace, automotive,
electronics, plumbing and tubular furniture.
leading supplier of specialty
chemicals for fabricators,
assemblers, and original equipment
manufacturers.
Provider of products and services for the offshore industry. Our market leading Oceanic and
water-based fluids are used for hydraulic control of valves in offshore drilling and production
systems as well as for controlling oil and gas flow to processing.

4. Our End Use Markets
Paper # (if applicable) 4
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Automotive
Sanitary
Consumer
Electronics
Tubular / Wire
Goods
Aerospace
Oil and Chemical Other

5. ZinKlad, the #1 Approved Applicator Program
Paper # (if applicable) 5
• Specified by most global
automotive manufacturers
• Coatings and Technology are compliant with
legislation: ELV, ROHS, WEEE, REACH
• Approved applicators which are audited on a
systematic rota
• Continuous improvement and development
program

6. Sacrificial Coatings, the Current Status
Paper # (if applicable) 6
Current prevailing coating
Zinc with cobalt containing passivation
New coating needs
• Higher performance
• Environmental compliance
Which technology
can deliver this new requirement?

7. Coatings which meet new directives / legislation are already in use
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Zinc-nickel
Passivation
Topcoat

8. Why the Need for Higher Performance Coatings?
Paper # (if applicable) 8
• In 2011* about 50% of vehicles were produced
with aluminum wheels
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*European Aluminum Association
Open face
• Aluminum wheels
have a more ‘open
face’ (than steel)
• This makes the
brake caliper more
visible

9. Regional Environmental Directives often Lead to Global Adoption
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• European REACH legislation may prohibit the
use of cobalt in passivate coatings in this region
Example from
last decade

10. Our Recommendation is Zinc-Nickel
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• Together with cobalt free passivation, the finish
meets ELV and REACH directives
• Zinc coatings display voluminous white
corrosion products
• Zinc-nickel coatings do not display these
corrosion products to the same extent
• We estimate 10% of this market has already
adopted the zinc-nickel coating
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11. Is Zinc-Nickel Reliable?
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• The technology has been used in automotive
applications for over 20 years now
• The dominant technology gives an alloy of some
12 – 15% nickel
• MacDermid’ s ZinKlad applicator program has
over 30 zinc-nickel applicators world-wide
– ZinKlad 1000
– ZinKlad 1000 B
11

12. Which OEM’s Specify Zinc-Nickel?
Paper # (if applicable) 12
• BMW GS 90010
• Daimler DBL 8451
• Delphi DX5511330
• Ford WSS M21P51-A1, A2, A3, A4, A5
• FCA PS-12182
• General Motors GMW 16730, GMW 4700
• Navistar CEMS G-22 Class ZNi-B2
• PSA B2 B15 4140
• Renault 01-71-002, 01-50-005
• VW-Audi TL 244

13. What about the Performance of the Zinc-Nickel Coating ?
Paper # (if applicable) 13
• Over 1200 hours to base
metal corrosion*
• Over 240 hours to any
corrosion of the zinc-nickel
deposit*
• Deposit is harder (>400
HVN) than standard zinc
• Attractive silver / blue
finish
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*In neutral salt spray test to ISO 9227 / ASTM B117

14. 10% of Brake Manufacturers Have Changed to Zinc-Nickel*
Paper # (if applicable) 14
*Internal market research
First adopters Second adopters Latest adopters
Typical country of origin of adopting brands

15. We Propose Acid Zinc-Nickel for this Application
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• Kenlevel Ni acid zinc-nickel overcomes limitations
of alkaline processes for caliper application:
– Rapid coverage of the cast iron
• Referred as ‘plating Initiation‘
– Single layer
• No deposit delamination
– Fast plating speeds

16. Deposit Delamination is a Concern with Duplex Plated Deposits
Paper # (if applicable) 16
Zinc-nickel Layer*
Duplex - Layer can delaminate in use
Zinc Strike Layer*
*Example for illustration purposes only.

17. Cobalt-Free Passivates Provide the Perfect Conversion Coating
Paper # (if applicable) 17
• TriPass ELV 3000 G
– Trivalent-chromium based
– Cobalt-free
– Attractive silver-blue color
– Exceptionally resistant to high temperature
applications
• Brake calipers
• Engine bay

18. Cobalt Maybe Prohibited in Passivation Coatings
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• ECHA recommended five cobalt salts for
inclusion in the restriction list 2013
• Restriction can mean (restriction) for
substances for specific applications or
concentrations
• Transitional period or even a ban are
possibilities
• Date of implementation is still unclear
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19. Zinc Produces Voluminous Corrosion Products
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White Rust
• Voluminous zinc
corrosion

20. Why is Corrosion Such and Issue?
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• Once the corrosion
has started, it will
continue until red
(base) metal corrosion
commences
• The corrosion products ‘grow’ and look unsightly
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• They can make disassembly difficult due to the bolt
and thread seizing

21. Is this a Problem to the Consumer*?
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*A selection of quotes from customer discussion forums.
“My 2 ½ year old
‘brand’ got rust
brown front
calipers. It was
£50k new”!
“
“I've noticed that the front brake
calipers on my 2 year old car are
starting to show some slight rust.
Quite surprised by this, not sure if
I should speak to ‘brand’ about
taking action now, rather than wait
for it to get worse”.
“I noticed today that my brake calipers seem to
be developing a decent amount of corrosion,
more on one side than the other. Is this normal? I
bought the car 6 months ago. Thanks”!

22. Brake Fluid Compatible Topcoat Enhances Corrosion
Resistance
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• To further enhance corrosion resistance, a brake fluid
compatible, inorganic topcoat is often applied
• HydroKlad SI is specified by automotive OEM’s and Tier
1s
• Colorless and completely free of drip or run marks
– The silver-blue appearance is retained
• Film is only 0.5 - 1µm so does not interfere with
dimensional tolerances

23. 480 hours Neutral Salt Spray (Zinc Deposit)
Paper # (if applicable) 23
HydroKlad SI No Topcoat
No Topcoat
HydroKlad SI

24. So How Does Zinc-Nickel Compare?
Paper # (if applicable) 24
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The silver-
blue color is
an excellent
match for the
aluminum
wheel finish
Cobalt-free
passivates
exceptional
corrosion
resistance,
even after heat
A harder
coating so
offers better
impact and
abrasion
resistance
Does not
corrode with
the same
voluminous
corrosion
products

25. Alan Gardner
Global Marketing Manager
MacDermid
Thank you. Any Questions?
Environmentally Compliant Coatings

26. MacDermid – We Are Represented Globally
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Employees: 2,000
R&D Centers: 5
Manufacturing Sites: 13
Headquarters: Denver, USA
Americas Europe Asia-Pacific
Denver, CO:
Corporate HQ
Ferndale, MI: Mfg
Pasadena, TX:
Mfg, Distribution
Houston, TX:
Service
San Marcos,
CA:
Mfg, Service,
Distribution
Canada: Service
Mfg. & Distribution
Mexico: Service
Mfg. &
Distribution
Detroit:
R&D, Service
Waterbury,
CT:
R&D, Service
Atlanta, GA:
R&D, Service
Middletown,
DE:
Mfg, Distribution
Brazil: Service
Mfg. &
Distribution
United Kingdom:
R&D, Mfg. Distribution &
Service
Germany:
Distribution & Service
France:
Distribution & Service
Spain:
Distribution & Service
Czech Republic:
Distribution & Service
Sweden:
Distribution & Service
Benelux:
Distribution & Service
Italy: R&D, Mfg,
Distribution &
Service
Shanghai, China:
R&D, Mfg. Distribution &
Service
Hong Kong:
Mkt. & Service
Singapore:
Mfg. Distribution & Service
New Zealand:
Distribution & Service
Panyu, China:
Mfg. Distribution & Service
Japan:
Mfg. Distribution & Service
Taiwan:
Mfg. Distribution & Service
Australia:
Mfg. Distribution & Service
South Korea:
Distribution & Service
Malaysia:
Sales & Service
Thailand:
Distribution & Service