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British Film
Key Focus: Institutions &
              Audience.
History of film – the last 60
years.
   The French Lumière brothers are credited with inventing
    cinema in 1892, by projecting a lantern through celluloid
    movie reels. They brought their touring show to London
    in 1896.
   The first actual British film is said to be 'Incident at
    Clovelly Cottage' made in 1896 by Robert Paul and Birt
    Acres, who built and ran their own movie camera. From
    then on, the film Industry was born in Britain, with help
    from American financiers, eager to capitalise on British
    industry, design and ingenuity. In 1914, during the First
    World War, 25% of the films shown in Britain were
    British.
   Alfred Hitchcock's 'Blackmail' in 1929 is credited with
    being Britain's first talking picture.From this point on,
    between the wars, British film grew and developed it's
    range.
The 50's and 60's: A Boom Time
for British Cinema
   After Britain recovered from the war effort, the film Industry sparked
    into overdrive, with a series of successful themed movies: the Ealing
    Comedies, the Doctor films (introducing the young star Dirk
    Bogarde), the St. Trinian films, and then the hugely successful
    'Carry On' films, starring Sid James, Kenneth Williams, and Frankie
    Howard. The Hammer studios started producing its popular
    'Hammer Horror' series at the end of the 50's, using readily available
    locations and cheap effects.
   The 1960's saw a huge boom in British film: the 'Kitchen Sink'
    realism promoted through such classics such as John Osbourne's
    'Look Back in Anger' (1958), directors such as Tony Richardson
    forming Woodfall Films in partnership with the playwright Osbourne;
    other radicals such as Lindsay Anderson, and then the birth of
    James Bond in 1962 with 'Dr. No'.
Into the 80’s
   The 80's saw the British film industry deep in the
    doldrums with all the studios split up, either being
    closed used for T.V. production or hired out for
    independent filmproduction. A saving grace was the
    special effects industry that had sprung up as an
    important part of movie making. Many big,
    Hollywood blockbusters that relied heavily on
    special effects were made exclusively or at least, in
    part there. Superman; Star Wars and of course
    James Bond movies continued to be made at
    Pinewood.
Key Facts in the last 30 years
   1982 -Channel 4 establishes Film on Four under David
    Rose, with a remit to make feature films for television but
    with a view to cinema release. In its first year, Film on
    Four launches 20 films with an average budget of
    £300,000.
   1984 - Video Recordings Act - This act makes it an
    offence for a video recording to be sold or hired if it
    contained a work which had not been certificated by the
    British Board of Film Censors. It introduced certificates of
    'Uc' (for young children), 'U', 'PG', '15', '18' and 'R18' (for
    sexually explicit material) for videos.
   1989 - British Board of Film Classification introduces '12'
    category for cinema films, preventing admission to
    people under twelve.
   1996 – Lottery Film fund set up for hard hit British film
    industry.
   1997 - Introduction of the DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)
    format onto the UK market, the most successful
    domestic media format since the launch of the compact
    disc in 1983.
   2000- The UK Film Council is launched by the
    government. Answering to the Department of Culture,
    Media and Sport, it initially has a budget of £22m a year
   2002 - Following trials in Norwich, the BBFC changes the
    theatrical 12 certificate to 12A, and permits children of
    any age to see films with that classification provided
    under-twelves are accompanied by a parent or
    responsible guardian.


   The rest you can find yourself on the
    internet!!!!!!
BFI Timeline
   On this website you will find a detailed
    timeline of key directors and information
    regarding British film over the last 100 years.



   http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/timeline/index
Film Techniques
 Cross cutting      Lighting
 Colour             Shots/Angles

 Special effects    Editing

 Mise-en-Scene      Sound effects

 Cinematography     Sound
Shots
Shots …
   The use of different shot sizes can influence
    the meaning which an audience will interpret.
   The size of the subject in frame depends on
    two things: the distance the camera is away
    from the subject and the focal length of the
    camera lens.
The 1st Special effects
   The history of special effects begins even before the
    invention of the camera itself. During the 1700s,
    magicians utilized many techniques to perform
    optical illusions and astound their audiences. These
    techniques formed the foundations of special
    effects.
   One of the most used effects in magic shows during
    this period was the summoning of the dead -
    spiritism. A small box with a light source and a semi-
    transparent slide was used to project images of
    historical figures onto columns of smoke or billowing
    cloth.
Digital Effects
   The greatest changes in the revolution of Special
    Effects happened in the 20th century,
    with computers. Computers helped revolutionized
    the world of Special Effects in movies. Now with
    computers we are able to create sceneries we
    would never think possible.
   With the help of computers we can create people,
    buildings, animals, monsters, aliens, and many
    other creations. Our creations in the computers can
    come out to life with a touch of a button. Special
    Effects have gone to the extreme with the use of
    computers. We could even build and resink the
    "Titanic" with the use of computers.
Types of Special effects:
   3-D film for movie history
   3-D computer graphics
   Bluescreen/Chroma key
   Bullet time
   Computer-generated imagery
   Digital compositing
Famous Special effect films
   Disney Pixar – Monsters Inc, Toy Story, Cars
   Alien series
   Transformers
   Saving Private Ryan
   Star Wars
   Apollo 13
   Gladiator
   Terminator
Editing
   A Roll                    Master shot
   B Roll                    Match cut
   Cross cutting             Montage
   Cutaway                   Point of view shot
   Dissolve                  Screen direction
   Establishing shot         Sequence shot
   Fast cutting              Smash cut
   Flashback                 Slow cutting
   Insert                    Split screen
   Jump cut                  SMPTE time code
   Keying                    Shot reverse shot
   L cut ("Split edit")      Talking head
                              Wipe
Research Task


   Research the following term and make
    detailed notes on how it works, what it does
    and any key factors you can research.


           Cinematography

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British film

  • 1. British Film Key Focus: Institutions & Audience.
  • 2. History of film – the last 60 years.  The French Lumière brothers are credited with inventing cinema in 1892, by projecting a lantern through celluloid movie reels. They brought their touring show to London in 1896.  The first actual British film is said to be 'Incident at Clovelly Cottage' made in 1896 by Robert Paul and Birt Acres, who built and ran their own movie camera. From then on, the film Industry was born in Britain, with help from American financiers, eager to capitalise on British industry, design and ingenuity. In 1914, during the First World War, 25% of the films shown in Britain were British.  Alfred Hitchcock's 'Blackmail' in 1929 is credited with being Britain's first talking picture.From this point on, between the wars, British film grew and developed it's range.
  • 3. The 50's and 60's: A Boom Time for British Cinema  After Britain recovered from the war effort, the film Industry sparked into overdrive, with a series of successful themed movies: the Ealing Comedies, the Doctor films (introducing the young star Dirk Bogarde), the St. Trinian films, and then the hugely successful 'Carry On' films, starring Sid James, Kenneth Williams, and Frankie Howard. The Hammer studios started producing its popular 'Hammer Horror' series at the end of the 50's, using readily available locations and cheap effects.  The 1960's saw a huge boom in British film: the 'Kitchen Sink' realism promoted through such classics such as John Osbourne's 'Look Back in Anger' (1958), directors such as Tony Richardson forming Woodfall Films in partnership with the playwright Osbourne; other radicals such as Lindsay Anderson, and then the birth of James Bond in 1962 with 'Dr. No'.
  • 4. Into the 80’s  The 80's saw the British film industry deep in the doldrums with all the studios split up, either being closed used for T.V. production or hired out for independent filmproduction. A saving grace was the special effects industry that had sprung up as an important part of movie making. Many big, Hollywood blockbusters that relied heavily on special effects were made exclusively or at least, in part there. Superman; Star Wars and of course James Bond movies continued to be made at Pinewood.
  • 5. Key Facts in the last 30 years  1982 -Channel 4 establishes Film on Four under David Rose, with a remit to make feature films for television but with a view to cinema release. In its first year, Film on Four launches 20 films with an average budget of £300,000.  1984 - Video Recordings Act - This act makes it an offence for a video recording to be sold or hired if it contained a work which had not been certificated by the British Board of Film Censors. It introduced certificates of 'Uc' (for young children), 'U', 'PG', '15', '18' and 'R18' (for sexually explicit material) for videos.
  • 6. 1989 - British Board of Film Classification introduces '12' category for cinema films, preventing admission to people under twelve.  1996 – Lottery Film fund set up for hard hit British film industry.  1997 - Introduction of the DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) format onto the UK market, the most successful domestic media format since the launch of the compact disc in 1983.  2000- The UK Film Council is launched by the government. Answering to the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, it initially has a budget of £22m a year
  • 7. 2002 - Following trials in Norwich, the BBFC changes the theatrical 12 certificate to 12A, and permits children of any age to see films with that classification provided under-twelves are accompanied by a parent or responsible guardian.  The rest you can find yourself on the internet!!!!!!
  • 8. BFI Timeline  On this website you will find a detailed timeline of key directors and information regarding British film over the last 100 years.  http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/timeline/index
  • 9. Film Techniques  Cross cutting  Lighting  Colour  Shots/Angles  Special effects  Editing  Mise-en-Scene  Sound effects  Cinematography  Sound
  • 10. Shots
  • 11. Shots …  The use of different shot sizes can influence the meaning which an audience will interpret.  The size of the subject in frame depends on two things: the distance the camera is away from the subject and the focal length of the camera lens.
  • 12. The 1st Special effects  The history of special effects begins even before the invention of the camera itself. During the 1700s, magicians utilized many techniques to perform optical illusions and astound their audiences. These techniques formed the foundations of special effects.  One of the most used effects in magic shows during this period was the summoning of the dead - spiritism. A small box with a light source and a semi- transparent slide was used to project images of historical figures onto columns of smoke or billowing cloth.
  • 13. Digital Effects  The greatest changes in the revolution of Special Effects happened in the 20th century, with computers. Computers helped revolutionized the world of Special Effects in movies. Now with computers we are able to create sceneries we would never think possible.  With the help of computers we can create people, buildings, animals, monsters, aliens, and many other creations. Our creations in the computers can come out to life with a touch of a button. Special Effects have gone to the extreme with the use of computers. We could even build and resink the "Titanic" with the use of computers.
  • 14. Types of Special effects:  3-D film for movie history  3-D computer graphics  Bluescreen/Chroma key  Bullet time  Computer-generated imagery  Digital compositing
  • 15. Famous Special effect films  Disney Pixar – Monsters Inc, Toy Story, Cars  Alien series  Transformers  Saving Private Ryan  Star Wars  Apollo 13  Gladiator  Terminator
  • 16. Editing  A Roll  Master shot  B Roll  Match cut  Cross cutting  Montage  Cutaway  Point of view shot  Dissolve  Screen direction  Establishing shot  Sequence shot  Fast cutting  Smash cut  Flashback  Slow cutting  Insert  Split screen  Jump cut  SMPTE time code  Keying  Shot reverse shot  L cut ("Split edit")  Talking head  Wipe
  • 17. Research Task  Research the following term and make detailed notes on how it works, what it does and any key factors you can research. Cinematography