THIS IS A PPT ON THE TOPIC WATER POLLUTION MADE BY ME FOR BBA STUDENTS.SUBJECT-EVS(ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES)

1. Name- Manav Saboo Session-
2020-23
Subject- EVS(Environmental Studies)

2. INTRODUCTION-WATER
Water is ranked second only to oxygen as essential for life.
 With more than half of your body weight made of water, you couldn’t
survive for more than a few days without it. On the other hand, you can
survive without food for weeks.
 Water is used in every cell of your body. Water travels throughout your body
carrying nutrients, oxygen, and wastes to and from your cells and organs.
 Water keeps your body cool as part of your body’s temperature regulating
system.
 But due to our activities, water is being polluted and destroyed.

3. DEFINITION-WATER POLLUTION
Water Pollution is the contamination of Water
bodies(e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater).
 This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants
are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without
adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
 Pollutants include chemicals, trash, bacteria, and parasites.

4. TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION
 The second most prevalent kind of pollution after contaminated air,
water pollution afflicts our rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater and
aquifers – not to mention the seas and oceans which cover the
majority of our planet. However, not all kinds of water pollution
come from the same source.
 Types of Water Pollution are-
1.Surface Water
2.Ground Water Pollution
3.Microbial Pollution
4.Oxygen Depletion Pollution
5.Nutrient Pollution
6.Suspended Matter Pollution
7.Chemical Pollution

5. Sources of Water Pollution
1. Direct Sources :
Direct Sources include effluent outfalls from factories,
refineries, waste treatment plants etc..
2. Indirect Sources :
Indirect Sources include contaminants that enter the water
supply from soils/groundwater systems and from the
atmosphere via rain water.

6. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
 Causes of Water Pollution vary and may be both Natural and Anthropogenic.
 However, the most common causes of water pollution are the anthropogenic ones,
including:
1. Agriculture runoff - carrying fertilizers, pesticides/insecticides/herbicides and other
pollutants into water bodies such as lakes, rivers, ponds). The usual effect of this type
of pollution consists of algae growing in affected water bodies.
2. Industrial Discharges – discharges produced by industrial sites may add significant
pollution to water bodies, but are usually regulated today.
3. Accidental leaks and spills – associated with handling and storage of chemicals.
They may happen anytime and, although they are usually contained soon after they
occur, the risk of polluting surface and groundwater still exists.
4. Deliberate/illegal discharges of waste – while such occurrences are less common
today, they may still happen due to the high cost of proper waste disposal; illegal waste
discharges into water bodies were recorded all over the world.
5. Construction activities – construction work can release a number of
contaminants into the ground that may eventually end up in groundwater.
6. Plastic materials/waste in contact with water – may degrade slowly releasing
harmful compounds for both environment and living organisms.
7. Animal waste – contribute to the biological pollution of water streams.

7. WATER POLLUTANTS
 Water Pollutant is a substance that pollutes water.
 The top three water pollutants are dirt, bacteria, and
nutrients.
 Other pollutants are:-
1.Heavy metals
2.Acidity caused by industrial discharges
3.Chemical waste
4.Fertilizers from agricultural use
5.Silt from construction sites, burn operation etc.
6.Chemical from cosmetics products

8. WATER DEMAND AND POPULATION
 As the world’s population grows, the demand for water mounts and
pressure on finite water resources intensifies.
 Investing in efforts that slow the rates of population growth through
increasing access to voluntary family planning services can help
ensure that ample water is available for global food production,
ecosystem health and social stability.
 Climate change, which is also closely tied to population growth, will
also lead to greater pressures on the availability of water resources.
 We do know that the population will continue growing, and this will
impact water availability.

9. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
 Effects on Human Health :
1.Diseases like hepatitis are caused by eating seafood that is poisoned
or contaminated.
2.In developing nations, there are frequent outbreaks of cholera and
diseases due to poor drinking water quality from contaminated waters.
3.Polluted drinking water causes cholera or typhoid infections and also
diarrheal.
4.Chemicals like fluoride, arsenic, lead, chlorine and petrochemicals in
water can causes adverse effect on human health.
5.Arsenic poisoning cause serious liver and nervous system damage,
vascular disease and skin cancer.

10.  Effects on Ecosystem :
1.Ecosystems can be severely affected or damaged by water
pollution.
2.Contamination of groundwater from pesticides causes
damage to the reproductive system in the wildlife
ecosystem.
3.Water pollution kills life that inhabits the water- based
ecosystem, disrupting the natural food chain.
4.The non-biodegradable pesticides and chemicals cause
mass destruction of aquatic life.

11.  Effects on Animal Health :
1.Water pollution kills life that depends on these water bodies.
2.Fishes and the aquatic organisms are poisoned due to industrial
chemicals and agricultural pesticides.
3.Fish, birds, dolphins and many other animals are killed by pollutants
in their habitat.
4.Oil spills in water causes animals to die as they ingest it or come
across it. Oil cannot be dissolved in water so it causes suffocation in
fish and birds.
5.Animals that eat dead fish from contaminated streams are affected.

12. SOLUTIONS OF WATER POLLUTION
 Do not throw litter into rivers or lakes. Make sure to collect the litter and put
it in a nearby dustbin.
 Educating the public about its harmful effects to human and the
environment. .
 Take precautions while using pesticides and fertilizers. Do not overuse
them.
 Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Do not throw
paints, oil or other forms of litter down the drain.
 Implementing strong environmental laws.
 Refuse Water Pollution, Recycle Water, and Reduce Use of Water.

13. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Improve Sewage Treatment. More specifically, we should.
 Encourage smart agricultural practices.
 Help localities set up programs that ensure system maintenance
and monitoring.
• Reduce urban/suburban runoff of lawn fertilizers and
pesticides...
 Fund the Clean Water State Revolving Fund.
 Prevent further destruction wetlands, and re-establish them
wherever possible..
• Fix the outdated municipal water treatment plants in the
country.

14. CONCLUSION
 Water Pollution stems from many sources and causes, only
a few of which are discussed here. Rivers and streams demonstrate
some capacity to recover from the effects of certain pollutants, but
lakes, bays, ponds, sluggish rivers, and oceans have little resistance
to the effects of water pollution. We have a long history of
introducing pollutants into aquatic environments, and have had only
partial success at repairing the damage that has already been done
and curbing the activities that result in environmental degradation.
 Nonpoint source pollution continues to be a serious threat to
receiving waters, as does the continued release of sewage and
industrial effluents throughout the world. As we have seen with
mercury contamination in fishes, environmental pollution can have
widespread and lasting consequences.