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Good Practices:
Tropical Fruits,
Livelihood &
Conservation
Concept, method and case studies

Bhuwon Sthapit
Bioversity International
Introduction-TFTGR Project
Project Title: Conservation
GEF Implementing Agency:
and Sustainable Use of
UNEP
Cultivated and Wild Tropical
Fruit Diversity: Promoting
Sustainable Livelihood,
Executing Agency:
Food Security and
Ecosystem Services
India: ICAR
Indonesia: ICHORD
Country: India, Indonesia,
Malaysia: MARDI
Malaysia and Thailand
Thailand: HRI, DoA
Target species: Citrus,
Regional: Bioversity
mango, mangosteen and
rambutan
Duration: Jan 2009-2013 (5 yrs)
Tropical Fruit Tree
Diversity
Context: Diverse production systems
conserving tropical genetic resources!
1. Natural forest systems-wild
species
2. Buffer zones in protected
forests
3. Community
forestry/economic forest
4. Home gardens
5. Semi-commercial orchards
6. Commercial orchards
7. Field gene banks
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Cultivated and
Wild Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity: Promoting
Sustainable Livelihoods, Food Security and
Ecosystem Services (UNEP/GEF)

Goal
Improved livelihoods and food security of
target beneficiaries through the
conservation and use of tropical fruit tree
genetic resources
Immediate objective
To conserve tropical fruit tree genetic
resources in situ and on farm through
strengthening capacity of farmers, user
groups, local communities and institutions
to sustainably apply good practices and
secure benefits
IMPACT GOAL

OUTCOMES

x

Outcome 3:
Community &
institutions
empowered
by
strengthening
capacity

Activities

Objective: Tropical
fruit tree genetic
resources are conserved
in situ and on farm
through strengthened
capacity of farmers,
user groups, local
communities and
institutions to
sustainably apply good
practices and secure
benefits.

=

x

Outcome 2:
Stakeholde
rs benefits
by using
method and
GPD

GPD

Improved livelihoods
and food security of
target beneficiaries
through the conservation
and use of tropical fruit
tree genetic resources

Outcome 1:
Diversity
conserved
through
improved
knowledge

Activities

Project overarching
goal

GPD PATHWAY: is defined as a set of ‘Key strategic actions’ or a ‘ interventions’ that TFT
Project must undertake to achieve the intended ‘Outcome’. GPD must be clearly
reflected or captured in the Pathways. Some pathways under particular outcome can
have multiple effect or can also directly support other outcome areas.
What is good
practice?
What are good practices?
 Good practices are practices that work towards
the achievement of certain objectives under
certain condition and context
 It can be a process, a method or approach, a
technique, an institutional arrangement or a
combination of any of these.
 Good practice works when a set of practice
assembled together under certain situation
(Sajise, 2005).
Definition -Good practice

A good practice is a system, method or
process, that over time and space
maintains, enhances and creates crop
genetic diversity and ensures their
availability to and from farmers and
other actors for improved livelihoods on
a sustainable basis (UNEP/GEF, 2002).
Impact pathway of good practices
Key Areas of good
practices
1. Propagation methods and nursery management
2. Production and management of tropical fruit tree
genetic resources
3. Linking farmers with markets (commercialization
that support diversity maintenance and livelihood
options)
4. Consolidating roles of communities and local
institutions in management of TFTGR
GPD : Capitalizing farmer
selection
 Varieties, genotypes, or
characters unique to
home gardens &
 How to translate such
information for benefits
of farming communities
and consumers?

Results: Community action plans
Baseline survey on fruits diversity with
high value traits identification
M

Richness
G

New
clone (M)

C

New
clone
(C)

Fruit
HH

Site

Community

Malihabad, UP

4

29

0

0

6 (1)

0

1215

Pusa, Bihar

4

27

0

3

71(18)+

10 (4)

525

Amaravati, MP

3

07

0

8

3

1

1471

Sirsi, Karantaka

4

44

5

?

3

0

1879

Chittor, AP

3

29

0

1

12 (3)

0

1610

18
Total

Selected clones are identified from seedling trees from farmer’s
orchard or home gardens and registered in the name of farmer.
Pummelo Clone – 3
Collector No.
Name of Farmers
Fruit wt
No. of Segment
Rind thickness
TSS
Acidity
No. of Fruit/ plant

IPS - 506
Sankar Sah,
Dardha, Murol
Mujaffarpur, Bihar
542 g
16
10.4 mm
10.3 ° B
1.1%
198

Less seeded (8/fruit), attractive fruit
with very tender and sweet segment

Total
10
clones
identifi
ed from
farmer
home
garden
s
Pummelo Clone – 4
IPS – 520
Collector No.
Name of Farmers Ramnandan Yadav, Basdevpur,
Darbhanga, Bihar
1641 g
Fruit weight
19
No. of Segment
10.0mm
Rind thickness
TSS
9.0° B
1.4 %
Acidity
135
No. of Fruit/ plant
More edible portion with thin rind thickness and
attractive fruit
Case study
Linking farmers with
markets
(commercialization
that support diversity
maintenance and
livelihood)
Case 1:Value addition of local products
through commodity chain approach in
Malaysia
Rural farmers
Valued added local products

Income

G. atroviridis
Urban
consumers

“Commodity chain concept”
Site: Bukit Gantang
Case 2: Value addition of mangosteen products
through commodity chain approach in Thailand
Rural farmers
Valued added local products

Income

Urban consumers
Garcinia mangostana

“Commodity chain concept”
Case 3: Value addition of by-products of rambutan
through commodity chain approach in Thailand
Rural farmers

Nephalium spp.

Valued added local products

Income

Urban consumers

“Commodity chain concept”
Case 4:Value addition of Garcinia cowa
through value chain approach in Thailand
Rural farmers
Valued added local products

Garcinia cowa

Young leaves
Income

Urban consumers

“Value chain concept”

Local food culture

Cha muang
Analysis: Understanding of driving forces of good practices
Using sustainable livelihood framework-Thailand
Impact

Baseline
Livelihood Assets

Human
•Training on value addition
•Exposure visit

Livelihood strategies

Commercialization of
local food culture

Social
• Organizing women groups
• Strengthening cooperative

Physical
•Canning facilities
•Cooperative shop and OTOP

Financial
• Saving and credits
• Incentive mechanism
• Link to markets

Natural
•Garcina young leaves
•Home gardens/ SCO

Outcomes

Value addition of local
products
(canned) and
marketing

Income increased
Awareness enhanced
Diversity conserved
Stakeholders benefits
Partnership developed
What are criteria for GPD
selection?
• represent one target taxon (species)
• At least represent one per key focus areas
• Practices currently used by farmers with scope of
potential spread and scale up/out
• At least relevant to more than two countries
• Scope of immediate impact-2-3 years?
• Low cost, practical, sustainable
Selection criteria for regional GPD
Good practices
Criteria

Home gardens

Diversity fair

Value addition of cowa

Scale and scope

> million land scare poor
farmers, mostly
concentrated in LDC and
South Asia and SEA

> X million
population
across world

> Few thousands
population, mostly
concentrated in the KB
province region; limited
scope

Relevance and
alignment

Directly supports TFT’s
strategic goal, objectives
and outcome and
complements MDG #XX,
PRS XX and national
agriculture strategy XX

Regardless to
countries, highly
relevant to
enhance
human, social
and natural asst

Direct supports all assets
enhancement of
livelihoods; leverage chain
of economic actions

Target species

Integrated system enhances
spp richness

All species and
intraspecific

One spp but translated into
other spp

Focus areas

Encompass all focus area

Strengthens
community
capacity

Market links; address all
areas

Immediate effect

high

high

More time in new area

Sustainability

high

high

Policy support for driving
Take home
message

 Good practices innovated and adopted by farming
communities and researchers provide immediate benefits at
the community level.
 Good practices that support maintenance of genetic diversity
is context specific
 Good practice in one context might not be the good in other
context. Better understanding of driving force and enabling
factors needs to be understood.
 Successful intervention of good practice requires set of
practices based upon holistic and sustainable livelihoods
framework
How to disseminate the GDP and
scale up?
Key questions to be asked?
• Whose lives we would like to change?
• What is our impact group?
• What is our sub-population of impact group?
• What are specific production system?
• What are communities, sites, and countries we
could scale up?
Defining GPD’s Impact Group
IMPACT GROUP (IG): Specific population or
group upon which Bioversity’s program aims
to have significant and lasting impact

EXAMPLE: Farmers in managing rich
biodiversity and natural resources

SUB-SET POPULATION OF IG: A disaggregated
group included in the IG where program
strategies may need to be focused
specifically.

EXAMPLE: Farmers subject to natural
hazards resulting from frequent climate
variability ; Smallholder female HH with
insecure food and nutrition security

STAKEHOLDER: Any group of people
who may affect (+vely or –vely) or be
affected by Bioversity’s program in
some way.
EXAMPLE: Donors; Relevant
government department/ministries;
private sectors……

TARGET GROUP (TG): A group of people who are
deliberately engaged in the program as a
means for Bioversity to achieve impact on the
intended IG. While the TG’s lives may also be
favorably impacted, it is the IG and its sub set
populations to whom Bioversity’S commitment is
long term and focused.
EXAMPLE: Local institutions that supports
community based organizations and market
chain (CBM or SPARC) and links with research
and extension system; PGR network; NARS
IMPACT GROUP
Rural poor and marginalized farmers, especially
women, who depend primarily on TFT biodiversity
and natural resources for their livelihoods.

SUB-SET POPULATION
1) Farmers managing rich biodiversity and natural resources
2) Farmers dependent on rain-fed, and low external input
ecosystem based agriculture
3) Farmers subject to natural hazards resulting from frequent climate
variability
4) Land scarce (0.05ha) and diversity poor farmers
5) Farmers in highly food deficit areas of remote mountain
ecosystem
6) Farmers living in high production potential areas.

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Gpd brs-4-conceptframework, method and guidelines-22-2-11

  • 1. Good Practices: Tropical Fruits, Livelihood & Conservation Concept, method and case studies Bhuwon Sthapit Bioversity International
  • 2. Introduction-TFTGR Project Project Title: Conservation GEF Implementing Agency: and Sustainable Use of UNEP Cultivated and Wild Tropical Fruit Diversity: Promoting Sustainable Livelihood, Executing Agency: Food Security and Ecosystem Services India: ICAR Indonesia: ICHORD Country: India, Indonesia, Malaysia: MARDI Malaysia and Thailand Thailand: HRI, DoA Target species: Citrus, Regional: Bioversity mango, mangosteen and rambutan Duration: Jan 2009-2013 (5 yrs)
  • 4. Context: Diverse production systems conserving tropical genetic resources! 1. Natural forest systems-wild species 2. Buffer zones in protected forests 3. Community forestry/economic forest 4. Home gardens 5. Semi-commercial orchards 6. Commercial orchards 7. Field gene banks
  • 5. Conservation and Sustainable Use of Cultivated and Wild Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity: Promoting Sustainable Livelihoods, Food Security and Ecosystem Services (UNEP/GEF) Goal Improved livelihoods and food security of target beneficiaries through the conservation and use of tropical fruit tree genetic resources Immediate objective To conserve tropical fruit tree genetic resources in situ and on farm through strengthening capacity of farmers, user groups, local communities and institutions to sustainably apply good practices and secure benefits
  • 6. IMPACT GOAL OUTCOMES x Outcome 3: Community & institutions empowered by strengthening capacity Activities Objective: Tropical fruit tree genetic resources are conserved in situ and on farm through strengthened capacity of farmers, user groups, local communities and institutions to sustainably apply good practices and secure benefits. = x Outcome 2: Stakeholde rs benefits by using method and GPD GPD Improved livelihoods and food security of target beneficiaries through the conservation and use of tropical fruit tree genetic resources Outcome 1: Diversity conserved through improved knowledge Activities Project overarching goal GPD PATHWAY: is defined as a set of ‘Key strategic actions’ or a ‘ interventions’ that TFT Project must undertake to achieve the intended ‘Outcome’. GPD must be clearly reflected or captured in the Pathways. Some pathways under particular outcome can have multiple effect or can also directly support other outcome areas.
  • 8. What are good practices?  Good practices are practices that work towards the achievement of certain objectives under certain condition and context  It can be a process, a method or approach, a technique, an institutional arrangement or a combination of any of these.  Good practice works when a set of practice assembled together under certain situation (Sajise, 2005).
  • 9. Definition -Good practice A good practice is a system, method or process, that over time and space maintains, enhances and creates crop genetic diversity and ensures their availability to and from farmers and other actors for improved livelihoods on a sustainable basis (UNEP/GEF, 2002).
  • 10. Impact pathway of good practices
  • 11. Key Areas of good practices 1. Propagation methods and nursery management 2. Production and management of tropical fruit tree genetic resources 3. Linking farmers with markets (commercialization that support diversity maintenance and livelihood options) 4. Consolidating roles of communities and local institutions in management of TFTGR
  • 12. GPD : Capitalizing farmer selection  Varieties, genotypes, or characters unique to home gardens &  How to translate such information for benefits of farming communities and consumers? Results: Community action plans
  • 13. Baseline survey on fruits diversity with high value traits identification M Richness G New clone (M) C New clone (C) Fruit HH Site Community Malihabad, UP 4 29 0 0 6 (1) 0 1215 Pusa, Bihar 4 27 0 3 71(18)+ 10 (4) 525 Amaravati, MP 3 07 0 8 3 1 1471 Sirsi, Karantaka 4 44 5 ? 3 0 1879 Chittor, AP 3 29 0 1 12 (3) 0 1610 18 Total Selected clones are identified from seedling trees from farmer’s orchard or home gardens and registered in the name of farmer.
  • 14. Pummelo Clone – 3 Collector No. Name of Farmers Fruit wt No. of Segment Rind thickness TSS Acidity No. of Fruit/ plant IPS - 506 Sankar Sah, Dardha, Murol Mujaffarpur, Bihar 542 g 16 10.4 mm 10.3 ° B 1.1% 198 Less seeded (8/fruit), attractive fruit with very tender and sweet segment Total 10 clones identifi ed from farmer home garden s Pummelo Clone – 4 IPS – 520 Collector No. Name of Farmers Ramnandan Yadav, Basdevpur, Darbhanga, Bihar 1641 g Fruit weight 19 No. of Segment 10.0mm Rind thickness TSS 9.0° B 1.4 % Acidity 135 No. of Fruit/ plant More edible portion with thin rind thickness and attractive fruit
  • 15. Case study Linking farmers with markets (commercialization that support diversity maintenance and livelihood)
  • 16. Case 1:Value addition of local products through commodity chain approach in Malaysia Rural farmers Valued added local products Income G. atroviridis Urban consumers “Commodity chain concept” Site: Bukit Gantang
  • 17. Case 2: Value addition of mangosteen products through commodity chain approach in Thailand Rural farmers Valued added local products Income Urban consumers Garcinia mangostana “Commodity chain concept”
  • 18. Case 3: Value addition of by-products of rambutan through commodity chain approach in Thailand Rural farmers Nephalium spp. Valued added local products Income Urban consumers “Commodity chain concept”
  • 19. Case 4:Value addition of Garcinia cowa through value chain approach in Thailand Rural farmers Valued added local products Garcinia cowa Young leaves Income Urban consumers “Value chain concept” Local food culture Cha muang
  • 20. Analysis: Understanding of driving forces of good practices Using sustainable livelihood framework-Thailand Impact Baseline Livelihood Assets Human •Training on value addition •Exposure visit Livelihood strategies Commercialization of local food culture Social • Organizing women groups • Strengthening cooperative Physical •Canning facilities •Cooperative shop and OTOP Financial • Saving and credits • Incentive mechanism • Link to markets Natural •Garcina young leaves •Home gardens/ SCO Outcomes Value addition of local products (canned) and marketing Income increased Awareness enhanced Diversity conserved Stakeholders benefits Partnership developed
  • 21. What are criteria for GPD selection? • represent one target taxon (species) • At least represent one per key focus areas • Practices currently used by farmers with scope of potential spread and scale up/out • At least relevant to more than two countries • Scope of immediate impact-2-3 years? • Low cost, practical, sustainable
  • 22. Selection criteria for regional GPD Good practices Criteria Home gardens Diversity fair Value addition of cowa Scale and scope > million land scare poor farmers, mostly concentrated in LDC and South Asia and SEA > X million population across world > Few thousands population, mostly concentrated in the KB province region; limited scope Relevance and alignment Directly supports TFT’s strategic goal, objectives and outcome and complements MDG #XX, PRS XX and national agriculture strategy XX Regardless to countries, highly relevant to enhance human, social and natural asst Direct supports all assets enhancement of livelihoods; leverage chain of economic actions Target species Integrated system enhances spp richness All species and intraspecific One spp but translated into other spp Focus areas Encompass all focus area Strengthens community capacity Market links; address all areas Immediate effect high high More time in new area Sustainability high high Policy support for driving
  • 23. Take home message  Good practices innovated and adopted by farming communities and researchers provide immediate benefits at the community level.  Good practices that support maintenance of genetic diversity is context specific  Good practice in one context might not be the good in other context. Better understanding of driving force and enabling factors needs to be understood.  Successful intervention of good practice requires set of practices based upon holistic and sustainable livelihoods framework
  • 24. How to disseminate the GDP and scale up? Key questions to be asked? • Whose lives we would like to change? • What is our impact group? • What is our sub-population of impact group? • What are specific production system? • What are communities, sites, and countries we could scale up?
  • 25. Defining GPD’s Impact Group IMPACT GROUP (IG): Specific population or group upon which Bioversity’s program aims to have significant and lasting impact EXAMPLE: Farmers in managing rich biodiversity and natural resources SUB-SET POPULATION OF IG: A disaggregated group included in the IG where program strategies may need to be focused specifically. EXAMPLE: Farmers subject to natural hazards resulting from frequent climate variability ; Smallholder female HH with insecure food and nutrition security STAKEHOLDER: Any group of people who may affect (+vely or –vely) or be affected by Bioversity’s program in some way. EXAMPLE: Donors; Relevant government department/ministries; private sectors…… TARGET GROUP (TG): A group of people who are deliberately engaged in the program as a means for Bioversity to achieve impact on the intended IG. While the TG’s lives may also be favorably impacted, it is the IG and its sub set populations to whom Bioversity’S commitment is long term and focused. EXAMPLE: Local institutions that supports community based organizations and market chain (CBM or SPARC) and links with research and extension system; PGR network; NARS
  • 26. IMPACT GROUP Rural poor and marginalized farmers, especially women, who depend primarily on TFT biodiversity and natural resources for their livelihoods. SUB-SET POPULATION 1) Farmers managing rich biodiversity and natural resources 2) Farmers dependent on rain-fed, and low external input ecosystem based agriculture 3) Farmers subject to natural hazards resulting from frequent climate variability 4) Land scarce (0.05ha) and diversity poor farmers 5) Farmers in highly food deficit areas of remote mountain ecosystem 6) Farmers living in high production potential areas.

Notas del editor

  1. The purpose of this presentation is to share concept, methodology and approaches used by PDF-B for identification, evaluation and piloting of good practices for TFGR management. This output is outcome of combined efforts of national consultations in India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand we had recently. We have used inputs from various experts within and outside IPGRI. We are sharing to this group for further refinement.
  2. Let me briefly introduce the project. Read title, country, target four species, duration and partners. Goal Improved livelihoods and food security of target beneficiaries through the conservation and use of tropical fruit tree genetic resources Immediate objective To conserve tropical fruit tree genetic resources in situ and on farm through strengthening capacity of farmers, user groups, local communities and institutions to sustainably apply good practices and secure benefits
  3. Tropical fruits diversity is part of Asian food culture and livelihoods as it can be easily seen any local markets.
  4. These genetic resources are found in diverse productions systems. These valuable resources are being conserved because of these contrasting agro ecosystems managed by different actors. Good practices also vary according to the context. Therefore, the project is complex in terms of its nature of stakeholders, partners and interest groups.
  5. In general terms, good practice is easily understood and easily misunderstood. For our common understanding, we have broad understanding of concept and specific definition required by the project objective.
  6. Read the text
  7. This is our impact pathway of the project