1. Meeting the Need of Children
and Families
Case Study: Najia
By: Salma Maqsoodi
#300694747
Professor: Lisa McCaie
ECEP 233
Centennial College

2.  You are working as an ECE in the infant room. While observing the children you
notice that Najia (11 months) is not babbling or pointing to objects in the room.
Najia’s mother has three other children in the Centre and often appears very
stressed. You want to approach Najia’s mother and suggest resources to her.
1. The Scenario

3. The Needs of the Child
Najia is 11 months and she is not
babbling and pointing to the objects
in the room. It might affect her
developmental domains such as
emotionally, socially, physically, and
intellectually. She needs to gets
support and help from related
agencies to improve her speaking
ability.

4. Her mother appears much
stressed and she also has three
other children at the Centre. She
needs to refer to the agencies
and programs which can
support and help her in this
issue.
The Needs of her
Family

5. 2. The Child’s Special Need
 In this scenario Najia is not babbling
and pointing to the objects. When the
child is not babbling or pointing to the
object it is the sign of speech and
language delays. Cooing and babbling
are early stages of development and
children in this stage must make
sounds. It is important to observe
children for signs that they are
sounding their voices to interact with
their environment.
 According to the Children A Chronological
Approach (Kail & Zolner) the first step of
speaking for typical child is cooing by 2
months after that babbling by 5-6 months
then intonation by 7 months. “When the
ability to produce sound is coupled with
the 1-year-old’s advanced ability to
perceive speech sounds, the stage is set
for the infant’s first true words. Soon
after their first birthday, most infants
begin to talk. Typically, their first words
are an extension of advanced babbling,
consisting of a consonant-vowel pair that
is repeated.”

6. She can’t be deaf because deaf child can make simple sounds. “Children who are
deaf are not only ones who have difficulty with babbling. Children with cerebral
palsy also have difficulty, but for a different reason.” “However, children who hear
well and have normal respiration typically learn by the middle of the first year to
reproduce the sounds of language that others use in trying to communicate with
them.”(Children A Chronological Approach (Kail & Zolner))
 Najia is 11 months she should
typically go through those steps and
now she must be able to babble
because children from birth make
sounds; cry, laugh, and some that
sounds resemble speech. According
to the Children A Chronological
Approach (Kail & Zolner) most
children achieve these milestones.
Najia must be able to recognize the
basic speech sounds. Najia might be
atypical child with language and
speech delay and needs to work on
her speaking abilities.

7. Also gesturing and pointing are part of
speech but as we see Najia doesn’t point to
the objects. “An infant’s first words represent
an important insight: Speech is more than
just entertaining sound; instead, sounds form
words that refer to objects, actions, and
properties. That is, infants come to
understand that words are symbols,
concepts, and sounds that stand for entities,
objects, and ideas in their world.
Najia is 11 months and she must be
able to point to the objects at this
stage. Children A Chronological
Approach (Kail & Zolner) “Gestures
are symbols, and infants begin to
gesture shortly before their first
birthday.” Najia typically must be
able to point and gestures.

8. “Developmental delay is a disability category
used for infants, toddlers and preschool age
children. While all children grow and change at
their own rate, some children may experience
delays in their development that can be cause for
concern. Young children with developmental
delays typically have skills below their same age
peers in the ability to think and learn, move,
understand, talk and express needs, relate to
others, eat, dress, take care of themselves, or
solve problems.” (MIDWESTERN INTERMEDIATE
UNIT IV”
What is the Child’s
Special Need

9. 3. As an ECE What Should I be Aware of
Interaction With the Child
I should observe and keep interacting
with the child to find the signs of the
special needs to help the child by calling
her and talking to her to analyze if she can
hear me or not , or is she has hearing
problem.

10. Age Appropriate Activities
 11 months children learn how to move
their body by crawling and pulling
themselves up and down then start
walking. I should consider activities to
stimulate her communicating skills.
“You can encourage the child to
communicate by looking, reaching,
gesturing, or pulling an object or
activity the child wants and using
sounds or words to say what the child
wants or doesn’t want.”

11.  Classroom Labels
Labeling helps children to understand the
items with the words. “Using one format
of visuals, places a picture of the
classroom area in that specific area at the
children’s eye level it promotes children’s
understanding of visuals representing
objects.” I will try to show the picture in
the boxes and label them so she can learn
how to communicate.
Modification of
the Environment

12.  Picture Exchange
Communication System
“It was designed for children who are
not yet initiating communication to
express their needs or interests.”
This strategy has six phases that
would be one of the strategies we
can implement with Najia to develop
her communicating skills.

13.  Using Communication Posters
 “The posters are intended to
remind adults of ways to promote
children’s communication through
everyday activities.” I would
suggest Najia’s mom to implement
it at home until she becomes
familiar with the strategies. The
posters must be sued which is
more important for Najia’s needs
that encourage her to
communicate.

14. Concentration
“To help develop vocabulary, always
verbally label picture for your child.
When you’re ready, add written labels
to picture disks. Finally, try losing the
pictures.” Some children are slow to
speak and Najia might have the same
problem and concentrating on new
vocabulary will assists her to utilize her
voice to associate to their
surroundings.

15.  “Help your child learn words of songs and body parts. Puppets can also
help the child express moods.” Puppets are a fun way that help children
to develop their speak and language skills. (Inclusion of children with
Special Needs, Chapter 4, Reading Package )
Talking Socks

16. Inclusion of Children with Special
Needs
 “Inclusion is important because all
children benefits from interaction with
others, better social and adaptive skills,
cognitive development, and physical
development.” As we know that
children learn best from each other. As
Najia is included with other children
she will look at other children and learn
from them new things. “Appropriate
supports such as education, accessible
environment should be provide to
ensure inclusion.”

17. Parents Meetings
 I should always welcome Najia’s
parents to have meetings and
discussions about Najia’s progress
and special needs. I would get
information about Najia’s
problems and barriers that parents
are facing to help them better.
“Create an open door atmosphere
from the start. Involve parents in
finding ways to address these
barriers.”

18. Team Meetings
We should have meeting with other
team member to discus about the
child’s needs and get their support
and attention to Najia and make
activities to improve Najia’s
communication skills.

19. “Build a nurturing relationship
with others, connect with
specialized services, and use
community resources” I should
talk to the center supervisor to
remark the Najia’s needs with the
board to arrange extra support
for her. (week 1-2 handouts,
McCaie. L)
The Role of the
Board

20. Seek Relevant Services
 Najia and her family need to visit those
services:
- Audiologists: For hearing screening
- Infant Development Program
Consulting: For home visits,
assessments, program planning
- Speech and Language Therapist: To
develop Najia’s verbal and non-verbal
communication

21. Seek Relevant Services
 I should connect Najia and her family
with those services as well:
- Social Worker: Inform and refer and
link families with the community-based
supports and services
- Psychiatrists: To provide diagnostic
assessment
- Psychologist: To concern about the
child’s learning abilities
- (Twenty Questions, McCaie. L)

22. Implement the Effective Recommended
Strategies
 Prompting and Fading
 One of types of prompts is
physical prompts that is very
helpful for Najia to improve her
movement and pointing to the
objects abilities. “Use prompting
to increase the likelihood that the
child will make the right
response.”

23. “Gestures are a natural part of
communication. When adults
exaggerate gestures, the information
provided becomes clearer.” While I am
giving directions to Najia such as sit
down, come here, and etc., or waving
for greeting, or using the concepts I
would gesturing to make it clear for
Najia. “Gestural Prompts include
pointing, nodding and gazing at the
item.”
 Gestural

24.  Reinforcement
“Children need reinforcements to learn
new skills, build independence and
build self-esteem.” There are many
types of reinforcement that must be
implemented with Najia to praise her
abilities and paying attention to her.
Those types are such as; smiling,
clapping, or also I can add activities and
toys that Najia likes them. (week 7
handouts, McCaie. L)

25.  “Using visual cues allows us to plan, organize and to be independent.
Visuals are equally important to children as they are beginning to learn
about their world around them.” Visual communication is what we can
see and it is the best strategy for 11 months Najia to learn how use her
skills. Moreover, she can learn how to point to the pictures and what
she needs. (week 8 handouts, McCaie. L)
 Visual Communication

26. 4. The Agencies
Professional Hearing Services
of Scarborough
 It is an on-line office service that offers
- Consultations and hearing tests with
Registered Audiologists
- Hearing Aids and Assistive Listening
Devices
- Prescriptions, Ear Plugs, and Repairs
- Free cleaning and hearing aid checks
- ADP, DVA, WSIB, and insurance
coverage accepted
- Central Auditory Processing for
children aged 5 and up

27. Professional Hearing Services of Scarborough
 Their mission is that; as with most
electronic equipment, technology
to address hearing impairments is
now state-of-the-art, incredibly
sophisticated, and highly effective.
At the same time, some hearing
problems can be solved with very
simple assistive devices. We'll find
the appropriate solution to fit your
individual needs based on
comprehensive audiological
testing combined with our
professional assessment.
 It provides services for children, adult,
and seniors
 The website didn’t mention about the
cost
 They mentioned about their donation
for cancer research

28. Professional Hearing Services of Scarborough
1371 Neilson Road, Suite 317A
Scarborough, Ontario, M1B 4Z8
Phone: (416) 286-9800
info@scarboroughhearing.com
Hours
Monday to Thursday
9:00am to 4:30pm
Friday
9:00am to 12:00pm
http://scarboroughhearing.com/
Contact Information

29. Toronto Audiology Associates
 The mission is:
- To provide clinical excellence in
hearing assessments and hearing aid
fittings for children and adults
- Clinical services are provided by
regulated Audiologists
- Its objective is to maximize each
client's communication ability so they
can lead happy, healthy and productive
lives
- Services are provided in English,
French and Czech
 Toronto Audiology Associates offers a
wide range of hearing aids, assistive
listening devices and hearing aid
accessories.
 The directors have worked in hospitals,
hearing aid dispensing offices, District
School Board providing articulation
and language therapy support to
school aged children and at the
Behaviour Institute in ABA therapy

30. The Toronto Audiology Associates Services
 Diagnostic and consultative
audiometric services for children
and adults
 Hearing Testing
 Otoacoustic Emissions Screening
 Hearing Aid Evaluations and
Dispensing
 Hearing aids are funded through
the Ministry of Health’s Assistive
Devices Program for adults and
children with a valid health card in
Ontario. Other funding options
include WSIB, DVA, ODSP and
private insurance companies.
 They offer a 'Peace of Mind'
package are free but the hearing
aids are purchased at the clinic for
private pay patients

31. The ‘Peace of Mind’ Package
 Hearing aid evaluation
 30 day trial period check up
 3 year hearing aid repair warranty
 Unlimited in-office hearing aid
servicing, adjustments and cleaning by
appointment, during the warranty
period
 Hearing aid batteries for the warranty
period
 Specialty Items
- Custom swim plugs, musician plugs, blue
tooth connectivity for cellphone and
music devices
 Assistive Listening Devices
 Sennheiser Dealer
 School consultations
 Inpatient and Long Term Care visits
available upon request
 Hearing Testing covered under OHIP
with physician referral letter
 ADP, WSIB, DVA, HCAI, RCMP, and
ODSP provider
 Central Auditory Processing
Evaluations

32. Contact Information
Address:
Toronto Audiology Associates
240 Duncan Mill Road, Suite 803,
North York, ON M3B 3S6
Telephone:
(416) 331-9888
Fax:
(416) 331-9881
Email: torontoaudiology@bellnet.ca
Hours of Operation:
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday &
Friday: 9:00 am - 4:30 pm
Thursday: 9:00 am - 7:00 pm
Saturday: 9:00 am - 4:30 pm (By
appointment only)
Website:
www.torontoaudiology.com

33. Children Support Solutions
 It has been working for over 15 years
with parents, schools, and caregivers
identify and support children and teens
with special needs.
 It offers specialized services such as;
- Psychology
- Special Education
- Neuropsychology
- Psychoeducation
- Guidance Counseling
- Speech-Language Pathology
 It didn’t mention about the cost
 It support parents with children
between ages 0 – 6 to support
their special needs such as;
- Speaks very little or not at all
- Ignores warnings
- Has challenges with social
interactions
- Has difficulty following instructions

34. Children Support Solutions
Children - concerns help with
 Delayed speech or stuttering
 Difficulty adapting to new life situations
(moving, separations, birth, mourning)
 Delayed development
 School derogation, giftedness
 Anxiety, fear
 Behaviour
 Discipline problems
 Sleep
 Nourishment
 Motor skills
Support for parents
 Parental guidance
 Behaviour management (crisis,
rule breaking...)
 Improvement of family
communication
 Najia’s parents can get support
from this agency because they
offer supports for Daycares as well

35. Contact Information
The Greater Toronto Area (GTA)
10 Disera Drive, Suite 240
Thornhill-Vaughan, ON L4J 0A7
Book an appointment:
905.660.9690
1100 Central Parkway West
Unit 4, Suite 100
Mississauga, ON L5C 4E5
Book an appointment:
905.402.3122
 Availability is not mention but they
have contact numbers to get
information
Website:
www.childrensupportsolutions.com

36. Speech Kids Canada
 It is a committed team of Speech-
Language Pathologists that
servicing children of all ages
experiencing difficulties with
speech, language or literacy.
 They are providing service at the
location of the patients’ choice
such as home or daycare and it is
available during day and evening
hours.
 They offer services in these areas:
- Speech Delay
- Receptive language
- Expressive language
- Voice Production
- Literacy skills
- Stuttering

37. The Rates
 The cost is based on the
recommended fee schedule
provided by the Ontario
Association of Speech-Language
Pathologists and Audiologists
(OSLA) and it discussed and
agreed in the first visit.
 They don’t charge for mileage and
they provide home programs,
materials and strategies.
 Most employee benefits packages
cover some or all speech and
language services. It is best to
speak with a representative at
your extended health plan to find
out more details.

38. Contact Information
 Direct: 416-628-3899
 Toll free: 1-844-804-KIDS
 info@speechkids.ca
 It didn’t have the office
address because they offer
home services and it is
beneficial service for Najia and
her family to get support at
home.
From the website Najia’s mom
also can get more information
and it has some tips for talking
and her mom can follow those
steps.
www.speechkids.ca

39.  It is a tool to help link families to appropriate community services and
programs that promote development, reduce risks, and address
developmental concerns.
 It promotes communication between parents and professionals,
improve developmental outcomes for children, and encourage families
to use local community resources such as Ontario Early Years Centers.
Toronto Early Childhood and Family Resource
System

40. Toronto Early Childhood and Family Resource
System Goals
 Increase screening and early
identification of children
 Increase use of services and
supports for families of young
children living in Toronto; and
 Improve response and
coordinated access to services
for children with
developmental concerns.

41.  It is a website that provide comprehensive related services in
Toronto and Najia’s mom can check the website and find the
community and services which is needed.
www.healthykidstoronto.ca
Contact Information

42. 1. Recourse
 Children A Chronological Approach (Kail & Zolner), 2009
 Inclusion of children with Special Needs Reading Package,
Chapter 4 (Centennial College-Early Childhood Education 2011)
 ConnectAbility-Inclusion Workshop week 1, ConnectAbillty-Toy
Shop Workshop week 5, Prompting and Fading Workshop Week
7, Visual Communication week 8, and Twenty Questions
(Handouts & Lectures Professor McCaie. L)
 http://www.miu4.k12.pa.us/specialed/early_interv.asp
Bibliography

43.  www.scarboroughhearing.com
 www.torontoaudiology.com
 www.childrensupportsolutions.com
 www.speechkids.ca
 www.healthykidstoronto.ca
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