M&cce conference pluijm final 13 oct 2016 reduced
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Resilient by Nature Approach as presented at the M&CCE Conference October 13th, London, Excel
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M&cce conference pluijm final 13 oct 2016 reduced
- 1. Resilient by Nature Innova&ve Approach Towards Climate Change Impact Solu&ons Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 2. Climate Change Impact Extreme Weather Impact in the Media Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 3. Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 4. Ra#onale : Climate Change Impacts come much faster and are more intense than originally an#cipated for Tradi#onal plan and design of coastal infrastructure is no longer adequate Urgent need for another, more effec#ve, holis#c approach Much Faster, More Intense Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 5. Design Data Under Pressure • Design Data are based on trend analyses and scenarios • All trends show considerable varia#on • Actual changes in trends are only included aDer considerable #me • Trend Breaches are by defini#on not included • Data are therefore basically outdated when it comes to accelerated climate change Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 6. Ra#onale : When extreme weather and hurricanes hit an area, most aIen#on goes to the damage Hardly or no aIen#on is given to those areas who have been hit too, but with hardly any damage and the natural ability to recover quickly Resilient by Nature is about what can be learned from those systems and how to translate their characteris#cs to other areas which are less resilient by themselves Resilient by Nature Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 7. The Example of Dauphin Island, USA Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 8. • “Unlike typical storm surge effects on a mainland coastline and affected waterways, on an island the surge moves around and over the land mass without the mounding up of water experienced on the mainland.“ • “Storm surge and waves were not high enough to destroy many of the elevated homes on the less-‐ protected western end of the populated part of the island” The Example of Dauphin Island, USA Effec<veness / Post Katrina Impact Assessment Ref. NOAA and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauphin_Island,_Alabama#Hurricanes Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 9. Resiliency Quality Features : • Relevant processes and data have been analyzed and assessed • Characteris#cs which can be translated into hurricane resistant breakwaters in other regions and climates • Supported with similar cases known within the area itself and from elsewhere • The rela#ve small footprint also limits direct storm impact Ref. USGS Hurricane Shaped Barrier Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 10. Other Systems with Proven Natural Resiliency Eco-Shields / Mangroves Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 11. Eco-‐shields / Mangroves Effec<veness www.nature.org/media/oceansandcoasts/mangroves-‐for-‐coastal-‐defence.pdf Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 12. Resiliency Quality Features : • Effec#ve with regard to Wave Impact Reduc#on (physical distance and mangrove type dependent) • Not effec#ve with regard to Accelerated Sea Level Rise • Suitable for similar marine habitat condi#ons elsewhere • Vulnerable for changes in ambient condi#ons, such as temperature and silta#on • Not suitable for other climate zones USGS Eco-‐shields / Mangroves Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 13. Eco-‐Polder • Polder type, diked area as extreme impact relief instrument (buffer) • Designed to get flooded under extreme condi#ons by means of spilling levees or weirs • Allowing the water to come in controlled, thus reducing and slowing down the direct impact on the mainland • Vegeta#on in the polder can slow down the process even further • Poten#al addi#onal use as storm water run off reservoir Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 14. Eco-‐Polder Resiliency Quality Features : • Well tested, global concept with basically very few restric#ons • Extensive research has been done such as in Northern Germany [Ref. H.D. Niemeyer, 2001] • Extremely effec#ve in terms of wave and water level set up reduc#on Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 15. More Systems with Similar Impact Resiliency Quali<es Other systems with natural built in resiliency with regard extreme weather impacts are : • Coral Reefs / Ar#ficial Reefs In analogy with hurricane shaped barriers • Sequen#al Breakwaters in analogy with mega-‐ripples • Salt Marshes In analogy with mangroves In principle within the same window of opportunity as the the systems just presented Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 16. The “Resilient by Nature” Approach • Learn from systems with proven built in natural resilience in terms of dimensions, behaviour, relevant processes, etc. • Translate their characteris#cs to other places which are equally exposed but less resilient • On the basis of an holis#c approach, Implement as systems instead of individual engineered solu#ons • Toolbox, providing maximum flexibility and internal back-‐up and redundancy • As solu#on provider and overarching framework for engineered components, such as structures • Resilient by Nature is a Game Changer Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 17. New York City as Example USGS • Hurricane Sandy (2012) has had a major impact on NYC (U$ 32 billion, direct damage costs) • NYC Resiliency Program “Rebuild by Design” • Tradi#onal sta#c (river) waterfront approach, without aIen#on for flexibility nor internal redundancy • With what is called the “Dry Contour” as binding factor for ManhaIan • No Adapta#on zones included so no space for yet unknown condi#ons • First projects to go into execu#on this year. Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 18. Source : Daily News Source : Daily News www.rebuildbydesign.org/project/big-team-final-proposal/ New York City as Example • Fixed boundaries of the exis#ng quay-‐walls and other waterfront infrastructure • Tradi#onal engineered (river bank) solu#ons • Some landscaping planned on the dry features, but no changes in the wet contour • Many interfaces, hard to manage, performance risk Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 19. www.newyorksocialnetwork.com/wp-‐content/uploads/2013/05/nyc-‐aerial.jpg New York City as Example Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 20. Source : Daily News Source : Daily News New York City as Example • New York City has the need and all condi#ons for implementa#on of a flexible, holis#c approach • Big unknowns are the way the whole estuary will behave when the next hurricane and related flood waves will hit the area • It’s all about understanding and implemen#ng of relevant systems, not engineered fixed structures with some occasional landscaping • With the “Blue Dunes” ini#a#ve as a nice, first example of the Resilient by Nature approach Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 21. Economy • The economics behind what’s feasible or not will mainly be determined on the basis of what’s already there, how much modifica#on is required and what natural resiliency component(s) to add, including related planning and #me scales • Balanced against the immense costs of the material and immaterial damage each major event causes • Offers the poten#al of substan<al addi<onal social and economic benefits from mul#-‐usage of the implemented systems, such as the eco-‐polder, hurricane breakwater, eco-‐shield, etc. • The Resilient by Nature approach is flexible, fully scalable to local needs, means and possibili#es, thanks to its unique natural system based characteris#cs Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons
- 22. Source : Daily News Source : Daily News • Given the rapid changes and related uncertain#es and unknowns in design data, there is definitely a need for an Holis#c Approach • Resilient by Nature offers the tools and experience to follow and implement such an approach • This will not happen overnight. More research is needed, other systems added and confidence must grow • Un#l full acceptance, it’s probably worth to compare and check what has been planned and designed conven#onally with the Resilient by Nature iden#fied systems and check if it makes sense what has been engineered as individual components • Reference Document is available for poten#al partners Resilient by Nature, the Way Forward Email : pluijm64@gmail.com Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Port & Marine ⏐ Experience Based Solu<ons