This education materials can be used in teaching profession with a topic A closer look to education system in selected countries.

3. Basic Education in Australia
• Australia, has a high quality in education
• The educational system in Australia is
similar with that Canada and England

4. Primary Schools are for six years, high school, six
years and college or university, three to six years.
High school is divided into junior high school (year 7-
year 10) and senior high school (year 11- year 12) but
these vary from state to state.
During the junior high school studies, most Australian
students decide what to do after high school.

5. Other students may get a job after year 10 or go to a
Technical and Further Education (TAFE) College to learn
technical skills.
Students who intend to go to college or university
entrance examination.

6. A. Primary Education
• Cumpulsory
• 6 yrs to 12 yrs old
• Provided by government and non-government
primary schools
• However, in most states, children start primary
school at the age of 5 when they enroll in
preparatory or kindergarten year.

7. • Four years
• 12 to 16 years old
• At the end of the junior secondary level, a Junior Secondary
Certificate of Education (Year 10 Certificate) is awarded.
• The government, non-government Co-Educational Comprehensive
/ Multi-Purpose High School provides junior secondary level of
education.
B. Junior level

8. • Two years after junior level
• 16 to 18 years old
• Senior secondary level is no longer compulsory education..
• It is being offered by government and non-government providers.
A senior Secondary Certificate of Education (Year 12 Certificate) is
awarded at the end of the senior secondary level.
C. Senior secondary level

9. The main purpose of Australian Higher Education
1. to enable individuals to develop their capabilities for effective
participation in the workforce, for constructive contribution to society
and for personal growth and fulfillment;
2. to advance knowledge and understanding;
D. Higher Education

10. 4. enable individuals to adapt and learn, consistent with the needs of an
adaptable knowledge-based economy at the local, regional and national
levels;
3. aid the application of knowledge and understanding for the
benefit of the economy and the society;
5. contribute to democratic civilized society.

11. • Academic year in Australia begins with the undergraduate level. To be
admitted, a Senior Secondary Certificate of Education is required. The
main stage of the university education leads to a bachelor's degree.
• Australian universities are autonomous self-accredited
institutions established by Federal, State or Territory
legislation.
• Undergraduate studies last between three, (Arts, Science,
Commerce) four years (Education, Engineering) five years,
(Veterinary Science, Dentistry, Architecture) and six years (Medicine
and Surgery) full time.

12. • Arts and Science usually offer either a bachelor's degree
(Pass) obtained in four years. An honours degree is normally
required for university level second stage: postgraduate
studies.
• A graduate with a bachelor's degree can proceed to a one-year to two-year
post graduate course leading to a postgraduate diploma.
• A student who has qualified for a bachelor's degree (Honours) may
proceed to a master's degree.
• This degree may be obtained after one year (Pass Degree) or two years
(Honours degree) of full time study.

13. • A student who has qualified for a bachelor's degree
(honours) may proceed to study for doctorate usually Ph.D. ,
higher doctorate in science (DSsc) or Humanities (DLitt)
upon submission of published work are awarded the
degrees.

15. • The most populous country of the world is China. With over
200 million students attending public schools taught by
over 9 million teachers in the elementary, junior, and senior
high schools, it is the largest educational system of the
world (Wang, 1996; Nanjundiah,1996).
• The course syllabi are written by scientists and professors hired by the
National Educational Commission.

16. • Primary grades (6 years)
- devoted to development of cognitive skills
• High School (6 years)
- 3yrs middle school
- 3yrs senior high
- class sized range from 40 to 60

17. • University (6 years)
- must pass one of the two versions of national
University Entrance Examination.
- The quality and reputation of the school will depend on the
number of students passing the examination (Changbin, 1995;
Kwang, 2000).

19. The Japanese education system is highly centralized and
is administered by the Mombusho or Ministry of
Education.
About one third go to the private schools and the rest are
enrolled in the public of national school system (Abner,
2002)
The Japanese educational system is sometimes seen as a model of
how operate schools.
• gives a mental picture of obedient, quiet school children sitting on
their desks, listening to the teacher and working hard to pass
various entrance examinations.

20. 5 basic levels:
a) Kindergarten
b) Elementary school (6yrs)
c) Lowers secondary school (3yrs)
d) Upper secondary (3yrs)
e) University (9usually around 4 years)

21. Education is:
- Free and compulsory for children 6 to 15 yrs
- Classes are large and teaching method is usually
lecture
- Japanese students spend 243 days in a year
in school
- the school calendar is year-round with some breaks
between sessions.

22. Standard curriculum includes Japanese
language, social studies,
math and science along with art, music,
home economics,
physical education, and the most emphasis
being given to
learning the Japanese language

24. Formal education in South Africa is categorized into sectors.
These sectors are closely linked to particular levels: namely,
1. public ordinary school education,
2. independent school education,
3. special school education,
4. technical college education,
5. teacher training and university training.

25. Levels:
- pre – primary
- primary
- secondary
- higher education
Basic Education in South Africa

26. • Grades VII-IX is the last stage of compulsory education and
will lead to General Education and Training Certificate.
• Further Education and Training (FET) or senior secondary
education (Grades X-XII) is not compulsory.
• At the end of Grade XII, students sit a public examination
leading to senior Certificate.
• Technical secondary education which generally lasts for
three years are offered in technical centers, high schools
and vocational schools

27. The eight learning areas that form the basis of all basic
education up to the Further Education Training(FET) Certificate
are:
1. Language, Literacy and Communication
2. Mathematical Literacy, mathematics and Mathematical
Science
3. Natural Science
4. Technology
5. Human and Social Science
6. Economics and Management Science
7. Arts and Culture
8. Life Orientation

28. Higher Education in South Africa
• One school year consists of forty-one week (196 school days)
which is divided into four terms.
• Other relevant sectors of the educational structure include
special education, private education or independent schools,
adult and non- formal education and HIV/AIDS education.

30. The National Curriculum
• Minimum education is compulsory for children ages 5-16.
• Mandatory for all state schools which promotes holistic
development, prepares them for opportunities, responsibilities
and experiences of adult life.
• It includes religious education and for secondary students sex
and career education.
• Followed by almost all the schools whether private or state

31. The national curriculum core subjects:
English, Mathematics, and Science. Each key level has definite
emphasis that gradually becomes more advanced as the level
progresses.
Basic Education

32. Key Levels
a) Foundation Stage
- this is included in the national curriculum which covers
children aged 3-5 years.
b. Key Stage One
- children aged 5-7 years and year groups grades 1-2.
Core subject:
English, Mathematics, and
Science and non-core foundation
subjects as design/technology,
history, art/design, music and
physical education.
Other statutory areas:
religious education, the format of
which is decided by local education
authorities (LEA’S) or by the faith in
which the school was founded.

33. c. Key Stage Two
- children aged 7-11 and year groups 3-6.
- It mandates the same core and non-core foundation subjects,
with more emphasis on more difficult topics and the addition of
sex education to additional statutory areas which is left up to the
policy of school governors (school board).
d. Key Stage Three
- children aged 11-14 years and year groups 7-9
- same basics in Key Stages One and Two, but adds
Foreign Language, and Information/ Communication
Technology to the mix while adding appropriate difficulty to
the core subjects

34. e. Key Stage Four
- aged 14-16 and year groups 10-11. It covers the
statutory program that must be taught to all students.
- Most schools include in their core curriculum courses that lead
to qualifications in each of the five subject areas which are
English, Math, Science, Information and Communication
Technology (ICT), and Physical education.

35. f. Post 16 Education
- not mandatory in England.
- Some secondary schools go beyond the 11-16 mandates to 11-
18 and the student may stay there. If the high school does not
offer these ‘Sixth Form’ extra years, the student may go to a
“Further Education College” (FEC).

36. Higher Education in United Kingdom
• Students studying at a university for their first degree are
called “undergraduates”
• Once a student has graduated, he/she becomes a
“graduate” of the university.
• Ordinary degree programmes in the UK universities are usually
3-year courses.
• Undergraduates completing these programmes successfully are
awarded either a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Science
(B.Sc.) degrees are not permitted to place B.A. or B.Sc after their
names.

37. • Honours degree programmes are usually four-year courses.
• Masters degree is usually achieved after two more years study
following an Ordinary or an Honour degree.
• The students are awarded M.A. or M.Sc.
• A doctorate is normally awarded after several years (three years full
time) of research under the direction of a member of a department
of a possession of a doctorate and the presentation of a doctoral
dissertation or thesis.

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