This PowerPoint covers: The Early People of the Aegean, Persian and Greek Wars, Athens and Sparta, Alexander the Great, Persia It is long, feel free to use anything in my PowerPoint.

1. Ancient Greece

2. THE EARLY PEOPLE OF THE
AEGEAN
Section 1

5. Introduction
• Crete: The Cradle of Civilization
• Crete helped spread ideas from east to west and it was a
bed of cultural ideas

7. Minoan Trade and
Propserity
• Intro
• Crete
• It was home to a very early civilization that was brilliant
• Unsure of what they called themselves
• The Minoans
• Was at its height and greatest success between 1600 BCE and
1500 BCE
• Success was based on trade and not conquest
• They had science
• Writing
• Architecture

9. Minoan Art at Knossos
• Knossos was the Minoan capital city
• The palace of Knossos
• Housed rooms for family
• Banquet halls
• Working areas
• Religious Shrines
• (areas dedicated to honor of gods and goddesses)

10. Minoan Art at Knossos
• The palace of Knossos
• On the walls there were colorful frescoes
• Watercolor paintings done on wet plaster
• Tell us a lot about the society
• Women appeared freely in public
• Garden life
• Women rights

15. Minoan Civilization
Disapears
• 1400 BCE it seems to have vanished
• It is a mystery
• Archeologist think part of it was a violent volcanic
eruption
• Invasion
• Mycenaean's were the enemies
• They were the first Greek-speaking people

16. Trade and War with
Mycenae Civilization
• Intro
• They conquered the Greek mainland
• They were Indo-European (Show map)

18. Trade and War with
Mycenae Civilization
• Sea Trade brings Wealth
• From 1400 BCE-1200 BCE the Mycenaean's dominated the
Aegean world
• Sea Traders
• They were similar to the Minoans
• Adopted Writing
• Learned many skills
• Absorbed Egyptian and Mesopotamian customs
• Lived in separate city states on the mainland
• Ruled by separate warrior kings who surrounded their cities
with huge walls

24. The Trojan War
• This is what the Mycenaean's are best remembered for
• Took place around 1250 BCE
• May have had economic origins between Mycenae and
Troy
• Troy controlled many trading routes and vital straits
• Narrow passages of water

25. The Trojan War
• The Kidnapping of Helen
• Helen was the beautiful wife of a Greek king
• The Mycenaean's went to fight for her
• It was originally thought to be a romantic legend
• However it was discovered that it is rooted in fact
• Heinrich Schliemann
• He was a German Buisnessman
• He discovered the truth of the site and found evidence of Troy

28. Homer

29. Homer
• Intro
• Decline of the Mycenaean's
• Invasion
• Sea raiders called the Dorians
• They were Greek speaking
• Power faded and they abandoned their cities
• Greek civilization seemed to take a step backward

30. Homer
• Was a poet that lived around 750 BCE
• Wrote the famous works called the Iliad and the Odyssey
• Iliad
• Was about the Trojan war
• Achilles was a mighty greek warrior that was treated
unfairly by the commander
• Achilles helped turn the tide of the Trojan war in the
greeks favor

32. Homer
• Odyssey
• Tells the tale of the struggles of Odysseus
• It is about his return journal after the war of Troy
• He wants to go home to his wife Penelope
• Stories of monsters and sorceress'

33. Homer
• Significance of his stories
• The heroes display honor, courage, and eloquence, as
when Achilles rallies his troops
• Eloquence- a manner of speech that is vivid and persuasive
• For over 3000 years is has inspired European writers
and Artists
• Also shows a lot about Greek culture

34. Looking Ahead
• After the Dorians, Greece passed several centuries in
darkness
• There was not a lot of contact with the outside world
• Eventually the stories of the past Greek success would
inspire Greek civilization
• It would go on to dominate the region and extend
influence of Greek culture over most of the Western
World

35. CONFLICT IN THE GREEK
WORLD
Section 3

37. The Persian War
• Intro
• Who were the Persians?
• How big was their empire?
• They conquered a huge empire and the subjects included the
Greek city-states of Ionia in Asia Minor
• Even though they were self governing, they resented their situation
• Ionians rebelled in 499 BCE and Athens sent shipt to
help them

38. The Persian War
• Athenians Win at Marathon
• Persians Crushed the rebel cities of the Ionians
• Darius I
• Was ticked off at Athens
• Sent a mighty force to Marathon (North of Athens)
• Athens asked for help
• No one really cared
• Athens beat the Persian force with few men
• Persians were amazed
• Themistocles
• He was the leader of the Athenians, but he knew it only just begun…
• MUHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAH

42. The Persian War
• Greek City-States Unite
• Darius died but his son Xerxes (490 BC) sent a much
larger force to conqur Greece
• Athens convinced Greece to unite
• Thermopylae
• It was a narrow mountain pass where the great Warrior King
Leonidas held his men
• Major battle between the Spartans and Persians
• The Persians beat them eventually

45. The Persian War
• Greek City States Unite
• Themistocles
• Let a fleet of ships against the Persian navy
• He drew the enemy in and then rammed them
• Their ships had underwater battering rams
• Persian fleet sank
• It was a huge fleet
• The Next year the Greeks defeated the Persians on land

47. Athens Leads The Delian
League
• The Greeks began to feel even more super
• The gods are protecting their way of life
• Think about how it must of felt like
• After the first part of the War Athens was the most
powerful city state
• Created an alliance- a formal agreement between two or
more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one
another defense
• It was known as the Delian League

48. Athens Leads The Delian
League
• Athens was the leader
• They manipulated it
• Used it to create an empire
• Used the money collected to build its own city
• If People tried to leave it, Athens would force them to
say
• Athens was able to champion political freedom as home though

50. The Age of Pericles and
Direct Democracy
• Intro
• Pericles
• Led the golden age of Athens
• Was a statesmen

52. The Age of Pericles and
Direct Democracy
• Athenian Democracy
• Under Pericles Athens had a direct democracy
• Citizens take part directly in the day-to-day affairs of
government
• Athenian assembly met several times a month
• Pericles believe all citizens should take part in government
• Led to paying a stipend to people in the assembly
• Fixed salary

53. The Age of Pericles and
Direct Democracy
• Athenian Democracy
• Athenians served in juries
• Jury- a panel of citizens who have authority to make the final
judgment in a trial
• Unlike America, Juries could have hundred or even thousands
of people.
• Athenians could ostracize a leader
• Ostracism- banish or send away a person
• It lasted for 10 years

54. The Age of Pericles and
Direct Democracy
• Culture Thrives in Athens
• Buildings
• Architecture
• Philosophy
• Etc.

55. The Peloponnesian War
• Intro
• Many Greeks outside Athens resented their domination
• To counter the Delian League the Spartans and other
enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League
• War broke out in 431 BCE and lasted for 27 years

58. The Peloponnesian War
• Sparta defeats Athens
• Sparta had an advantage
• They were inland
• It made Athens strongest power (its navy) useless
• They Surrounded Athens and Pericles allowed
everyone outside the city to come in its walls
• What do you think happened then?
• Yes, it even killed Pericles
• Sparta allied itself with Persia even
• Persia helped them defeat Athens navy

60. The Peloponnesian War
• Greek Dominion declines
• Athens fell, but eventually bounced back
• However, Greek culture and spirit declined
• There were battles amongst themselves, no unity
• What is this perfect for?
• INVASION!!!!!!!
• But we will get to that later….

61. THE GLORY THAT WAS GREECE
Lesson 4

62. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Intro
• Philosophers
• The lovers of Wisdom
• They were driven by curiosity and a belief in wisdom
• Logic
• Rational thinking

63. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Debating Morality and Ethics
• Types of Questions
• What is the best kind of government?
• What standards should rule human behavior?
• Sophists
• Questioned accepted ideas
• To them, success was more important then moral truth
• Developed skills in rhetoric- the art of skillful speaking

64. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Socrates Questions Tradition
• Socrates
• He was an outspoken critic of the Sophists
• Stonemason and philosopher
• Never wrote books
• Learned everything through his pupil Plato
• Used the Socratic Method
• He would pose a series of questions to a student or passing citizen
and challenge them to examine the implications of their answers

65. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Socrates Questions Tradition
• Socrates was not well liked
• He challenged commonly held beliefs and culture
• Death
• When he was 70 he was arrested and put on trial. He was
accused of corrupting the youth

66. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Plato Envisions a Perfect Society
• Plato
• Student of Socrates
• He was upset with democracy
• Through rational thought, he argued that people could discover
unchanging ethical values
• We can use that to make a perfect society

67. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Plato Envisions a Perfect Society
• The Republic
• It was one of h8is books
• Rejected Athenian Democracy
• The nation should regulate every aspect of its citizens lives in order
to provide their best interests
• Society should be broken up into three categories
• Workers
• Soldiers
• Philosophers -rulers
• These would be in charge of making sure things are just

68. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Plato Envisions a Perfect Society
• Women
• Thought that in general men surpasses women but
some Talented women could serve the state

69. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Aristotle Pursues the Golden Mean
• Aristotle- Plato's most famous student
• Developed his own idea of government
• Democracy and monarchy each had value
• He favored rule by a single strong virtuous leader

70. Philosophers: Lovers of
Wisdom
• Addressed How people ought to live
• The Golden mean
• It is a moderate between two extremes
• Reason
• Is the guiding force
• He was very important in later ages

71. Idealism in Architecture
and Art
• Monumental Architecture
• Greek Architects sought to convey a sense of perfect
balance to reflect the harmony and order of the
Universe
• Parthenon- the most famous example of Greek
architecture
• Temple dedicated to the Goddess Athena
• Has been admired for centuries

75. Idealism in Architecture
and Art
• Artists Craft lifelike Human Forms
• Early Greeks
• Sculpted figures in rigid poses
• Rigid is stiff, unbending; severe
• 450 BCE
• Sculptors began to emphasize more natural forms
• Lifelike
• Idealistic
• Showed people or goddesses with perfection

78. Greek Literature
• Intro
• It began with epic poems such as Homer

79. Greek Tragedies (Tragic
Drama)
• Greek plays were one of the most important elements of Greek
Society
• They bean out of religious festivals to honor gods and
goddesses
• Performed in large outdoor theaters
• Often based on popular myths and legends
• Assignment will be about this
• Greatest Athenian Playwrights
• Aeschylus
• Sophocles
• Euripides

80. Greek Tragedies (Tragic
Drama)
• These individuals wrote tragedies
• Plays that told stories of human suffering that usually
ended in disater
• Example
• Oresteia
• Showed a poerful family torn apart by betrayal, murder, and
revenge
• Showed how people can suffer or be part of the gods wrath
• Written by Aeschylus

81. Greek Tragedies (Tragic
Drama)
• Example
• Antigone
• Written by Sophocles
• What happens when an individuals moral duty conflicts with laws of the
state
• Antigone is a young woman whose bro was killed leading a rebellion
• It was illegal to burry the brother
• She did it anyway
• The Trojan Women
• Euripides
• He stripped the glory of war by telling the horrors of the Trojan war from
women standpoint

82. Greek Comedies
• Comedies
• Humorous plays that mocked people or customs
• They ridiculed individuals of the day
• Could be rulers
• Types of people (Spartans)

83. Writers of History
• Herodotus
• He began to write historical events.
• What word does Herodotus relate to?

84. Alexander the
Great
Section 5

85. Introduction
• 338 BCE
• Athens fell to the Macedonian army
• Greek city states lost their independence
• There culture began to spread through the empire
though.

87. The Empire of Alexander
the Great
• Intro
• To the Greeks, the Macedonians were half civilized
• It was like the hillbillies
• They were Greek though
• Philip II
• He was a king that traveled around Greece
• Hired Aristotle to tutor his young son Alexander

89. The Empire of Alexander
the Great
• Philip II Conquers Greece
• Built a powerful army
• Through threats, bribes, diplomacy he conquered
Greece
• He even conquered Sparta and Athens
• Dreamed of conquering Persia
• He was assassinated at his daughters wedding
• Assassination- the murder of a public official

90. The Empire of Alexander
the Great
• Alexander Takes Persia
• Shared his fathers ambition
• Persia was weak with Darius II
• There were numerous rebellion
• Yet it was still a large empire
• He attacked the Persians (334 BCE) and was
undefeated
• He would actually lead his troops in battle
• Conquered Persia (330 BCE)

92. Empire of Alexander the
Great
• Advanced into India
• Went into India and still won battle after battle
• His troops encountered enemies on elephants
• His troops were tired and refused orders to continue

93. The Empire of Alexander
the Great
• Alexanders early Death
• Thirty-two
• He fell victim to a sudden fever
• His generals decided to split the empire
• Often fought each other
• Three main generals
• The empire lasted for the next 300 years

94. Legacy of Alexander
• Cultures Combine
• All throughout the empire, Greek temples were built
• There were athletic competitions
• Local people assimilated (absorbed) Greek ideas
• Alexander encouraged the blending of eastern and
western cultures
• During the blending something new came about
(Hellenization)

95. Legacy of Alexander
• Alexandria: The Cultural Capital
• This was the Alexandria, Egypt
• It was the cultural capital of the WORLD
• Alexander and his generals encouraged the building of
Museums and Libraries
• Library of Alexandria
• Held scrolls from all over the world
• Scholars would come there to study

96. Legacy of Alexander
• New Roles for Women
• Women were no longer restricted to their homes during
the Hellenistic period
• There were more that were educate

97. Hellenistic Arts and
Sciences
• New Philosophies
• Stoicism
• Was the most influential
• Founder was Zeno
• Preached high moral standards
• Avoid desires and disappointments by accepting what ever life
brought you calmly
• All people were morally equal (not legally)

98. Hellenistic Arts and
Sciences
• Advances in Math and Astronomy
• Pythagoras
• Derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the
sides of a right angle
• Aristarchus
• Argued that the Earth rotated on its axis and orbited the sun
• Theory called heliocentric- sun centered solar system
• Was not accepted by most scientist till almost 2000 years later

99. Hellenistic Arts and
Sciences
• Advances in Math and Astronomy
• Archimedes
• Applied physics to make practical inventions
• Like a pulley
• A lever
• Improving Medical Practice
• 400 BCE Hippocrates studied the causes of illnesses
and looked for cures