The document summarizes the history of Bangladesh from 1947 to 1971, beginning with the partition of British India and the creation of Pakistan and India as separate states. It describes the establishment of East and West Pakistan on either side of India, and the tensions that arose from their separation and cultural differences. Key events included the Bengali language movement of 1952, the election of 1954 which brought Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to power, and his formulation of the Six Points demand for greater autonomy of East Pakistan. Despite Awami League's victory in the 1970 elections, talks over power sharing failed and led to Bangladesh declaring independence in 1971 after the Pakistan army launched a violent crackdown, resulting in war and Bangladesh gaining independence in December 1971

1. BANGLADESH STUDIES
4th Batch
Department of AIS
PRESENTATION ON : THE HISTORY OF
BANGLADESH(1947-1971)

2. PRESENTATION BY GROUP:ROOTS
Name Student Id
Md Ahik Mahmud 181825
Md Azad Ali 181824
Imran Hassain 181836
Mst Afia Masuda 181831
Most . Sonia khatun 181803
Sinha Fatiha Sultana 181815
Shirin Sultana 181847

3. CONTENTS

4. Partition of British India:(1947)
1.After World War II British were pressured
to reduce size of their empire.
2.Lord Mountbatten and
Mahatma Gandhi worked
together to combine Hindus
and Muslims
3.They were
unsuccessful.
4.Lord
Mountbatten
decided to
partition
British India

5. Pakistan had two states:
Panjab
in
west
Panjab
in
west
Bengal
in east
Bengal
in east
PakistanPakistan
East and west Pakistan was separated by 1600 km of
Indian land.
 Urdu was spoken in the west and Bangla was spoken
in the east.

6. Creation of two states
India and Pakistan (1947):
•
In July 1947 United Kingdom
declared two
separate states Pakistan and India.
•Pakistan was the Muslim state and
India
became the Hindu state

7. Bengali language movement in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) 1952:
• In 1948 Government of Pakistan declared Urdu as state language
• Protests sparked among Bengali speaking East Pakistanis.
• In 1952 the protests reached its peak.
• Due to massive unrest the government outlawed meetings and rallies.
• The students of the University of Dhaka and several other political groups defied
the laws and organized protests on 21 February 1952.
• When the protests reached its climax the police open fired and killed several
students.
• Massive civil unrest broke out due to those killings
• Finally after years of conflict the central government granted official status of
Bengali language in 1956.
• 21 Februar y is now observed as the “International Mother Language
Day” in the whole world and this was granted by UNESCO in 2000.

8. The election of 1954
1954 March:
• The United Front of Awami
League and the Krishak
Sramik Party won the most
of the seats in the East
Bengal Legislative
Assembly. Sheikh Mujib was
elected in this assembly and
serving briefly as the
minister for agriculture.
Muslim League got only 9
seats out of 310.
1954 May 30:
• .The Bengali dominated
United Front Government
had been deposed by the
Governor General of
Pakistan, Ghulam
Mohammad. The Governor
General imposed his direct
rule in East Pakistan

9. formulated the “Six Points” demand
• 1.The constitution should provide for a Federation of Pakistan in its true sense based on the Lahore
Resolution and the parliamentary form of government with supremacy of a Legislature directly
elected on the basis of universal adult franchise.
• 2. The federal government should deal with only two subjects: Defence and Foreign Affairs, and all
other residual subjects should be vested in the federating states.
• 3. Two separate, but freely convertible currencies for two wings should be introduced; or if this is
not feasible, there should be one currency for the whole country, but effective constitutional
provisions should be
• introduced to stop the flight of capital from East to West Pakistan. Furthermore, a separate Banking
Reserve should be established and separate fiscal and monetary policy be adopted for East Pakistan.
• 4. The power of taxation and revenue collection should be vested in the federating units and the
federal centre would have no such power. The federation would be entitled to a share in the state
taxes to meet its expenditures.
• 5. There should be two separate accounts for the foreign exchange earnings of the two wings; the
foreign exchange requirements of the federal government should be met by the two wings equally
or in a ratio to be fixed; indigenous products should move free of duty between the two wings, and
the constitution should empower the units to establish trade links with foreign countries.
• 6. East Pakistan should have a separate militia or paramilitary force.

10. • The election was held on 7 December 1970. The total voters were 29,479,386 and the
casting votes were 17,005,163 (57.68%), the valid casting votes were 16,454,278.

11. Call for Independence
As the capital was located in West Pakistan , the East Pakistan was unfairly
ruled.
•Very little was spent on the development of East Pakistan.
•Protests continued and martial law was imposed.
•Finally after several years of political unrest the first election of Pakistan in
7 December 1970 was called.
•Awami League, the political party won all the seats in East Pakistan.
•West Pakistan opened talks with East Pakistan over division of power
between the central governments.
•Talks proved to be unsuccessful and the President of Pakistan refused to
let Awami League form government.
•On March 2, 1971, a group of students, led by A S M Abdur Rob, student
leader & VP of DUCSU (Dhaka University Central Students Union) raised the
new (proposed) flag of Bangladesh under the direction of Swadhin Bangla
Nucleus.
•On 7 March 1971 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, made his historic freedom
speech, which called for the revolution for freedom and liberation.

12. The war for Independence
On 25 March 1971 the Pakistan army launched“Operation Searchlight” which
killed thousands of
innocent unarmed Bangladeshis.
• This led to the formation of Mukti Bahini which fought
for independence.
• Many battles took place in different parts of East
Pakistan.
• Over nine months of bloodiest war an estimated 3
millions Bangladeshis were killed.
• Women and children were tortured and murdered.
.Two days before independence the Pakistan army
captured many physicians, professors, writers and
engineers in Dhaka, and murdered them, leaving the
dead bodies in a mass grave.
• Finally in 16 December 1971 the Pakistan army
signed the “Instrument of Surrender” and
Bangladesh officially came into existence as the 139th
country of the world.

13. The mujibnagar goverment
• district. A
1.As the Pakistan military force
started genocide on 25 March of
1971, the people of East Pakistan
posed resistance against them
initially
2.without any preparation and
organizational movement. In
order to administer the liberation
3.war efficiently the first provisional
government of Bangladesh was
formed on 10 April. The formal
swearing in ceremony was held on
17 April at Vaidynathtala in
Meherpur district. A

15. Pakistan army surrendered on 16th December, 1971
• Within 13 days, Pakistan
army had been defeated
on the both sides of Indian
borders. In Bangladesh
front Pakistan army
surrendered on 16th
December, 1971; and the
nation of Bangladesh
("Country of Bengal") was
finally established on the
following day

16. References:

17. THANK YOU
THE END