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Anatomy of Inner ear
Dr Meshwa Oza
Resident of otorhinolaryngology department
MK Shah medical College Ahmedabad
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
● The inner(internal) ear is
called as labyrinth, from the
complexity of its shape.
● It consists of two parts:
1. The bony labyrinth: A series
of cavities within the petrous
part of the temporal bone.
2. The membranous labyrinth:
A series of communicating
membranous sacs and
ducts, contained within the
bony cavities.
Inner ear fluids
● Membranous labyrinth= endolymph
● Space between membranous and bony
labyrinth= perilymph
Perilymph:
Exact origin not known
Serum infiltrate, CSF
Rich in Na (similar to ECF and plasma)
Endolymph:
Origin: Stria vascularis
Rich in K ion (similar to Intracellular fluid)
Absorption: Endolymphatic sac
Bony(osseous) labyrinth
● The bony labyrinth consists of 3 parts:
1. Cochlea: anteriorly
2. Vestibule: middle
3. Semicircular canals: posteriorly
● Derived from Ottic capsule
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
The Vestibule
● It is central part of the bony labyrinth, and is situated
medial to the tympanic cavity, behind the cochlea,
and in front of the semicircular canals.
● In its lateral or tympanic wall is the fenestra
vestibuli, closed by the base of the stapes and
annular ligament.
● Two recesses:
1. Spherical recess: lodges Saccule
2. Elliptical recess: lodges Utricle
● Below elliptical recess is the opening of
aqueduct of vestibule through which passes
the endolymphatic duct
3 Semicircular
● Vestibule has 5 openings of
canals(SCC)
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
Semicircular canals(SCC)
● 3 in numbers:
Lateral(horizontal)
Posterior
Superior
● Lies at right angles to each other
● Each canal has an ampullated end and non-
ampullated end
● Non-ampullated ends of PSCC and SSCC unite to
form a common channel Crus commune
● 3 SCC have 5 openings into Vestibule
Cochlea
● A spiral shaped fluid
filled structure
● Coiled tube making
2.5 to 2.75 turns
around a central
pyramid of bone=
Modiolus
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
Thin plate of bone winding spirally around modiolus like
a thread of screw= bony spiral lamina
Organ of corti through which electircal impulse(sound)
are sent along the auditory(cochlear) nerve to the brain
● Basal turn of cochlea bonybulge in the
medial wall of middle ear= Promontory
● Bony Cochlea contains 3 compartments:
1. Scala vestibuli: closed by stapes footplate, contains
perilymph
2. Scala tympani: closed by secondary membrane,
contains perilymph.
3. Scala media (membranous cochlea):endolymph
Scala tympani is connected to subarachnoid space
through aqueduct of cochlea
Scala vestibule and scala tympani connects to each other
at the apex of cochlea Helicotrema
Membranous labyrinth
● Series of communicating sacs and ducts
● Filled with endolymph
● Within walls epithelium,specialized to form sensory
receptors of cochlear and vestibular labyrinth
● It consists of
1. Cochlear duct
2. Utricle and saccule
3. Semicircular ducts
4. Endolymphatic duct and sac
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
Cochlear duct(membranous cochlea)
● Blind coiled tube
● Triangular on cross section
● 3 walls:-
1. Basilar membrane: supports organ of corti
2. Reissner’s membrane(Roof of cochlear duct)
separates it from scala vestibuli
3. Stria vascularis: contains vascular epithelium.
secrets endolymph
● Cochlear duct is connected to the saccule by ductus
reuniens.
Organ of Corti:
contains auditory
sensory cells and
complex arrangement
of supporting cells
● Hair cells – inner and
outer
● Stereocilia or “hairs”
● electircal
impulse(sound) are
sent along the
auditory(cochlear)
nerve to the brain
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
anatomy of inner ear.pptx
Cochlear Hair Cells
Flask-shaped
Cylindrical shaped
Utricle and saccule
● Macula(Sensory epithelium): concerned with
balance i.e. linear acceleration and position of head
in response to gravity
Semicircular ducts
● 3 in numbers
● Ampulated and non-ampulated end
● Ampulated end of each duct contains
neuroepithelium: crista ampularis concerned with
balance i.e. Angular acceleration
Endolymphatic duct and sac
● Formed by the union of 2 ducts, one each from the saccule
and utricule
● Endolymphatic duct passes through the vestibular
aqueduct terminal part dilated to form endolymphatic sac
● Endolymphatic sac lies between the two layers of Dura
Peripheral receptors of auditory and
vestibular system
Peripheral receptors of auditory pathway:
Organ of Corti: cochlear hair cells
Peripheral receptors of vestibular pathway:
1.Cristae: located in ampullated ends of 3
Semicircular ducts
-responds to angular acceleration
2.Maculae:
Located in otolith organs(i.e. utricle and saccule)
-sense position of head in response to gravity and
linear acceleration
Peripheral receptors of auditory and vestibular
system
Vestibular Hair Cells
Type I vestibular cells: compare with inner cochlear hair cells (in Organ of
corti)-flask(cup)shaped
Type II vestibular cells: compare with outer cochlear hair cells-cylindrical
Structure of crista
Structure of macula
Thank you

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anatomy of inner ear.pptx

  • 1. Anatomy of Inner ear Dr Meshwa Oza Resident of otorhinolaryngology department MK Shah medical College Ahmedabad
  • 4. ● The inner(internal) ear is called as labyrinth, from the complexity of its shape. ● It consists of two parts: 1. The bony labyrinth: A series of cavities within the petrous part of the temporal bone. 2. The membranous labyrinth: A series of communicating membranous sacs and ducts, contained within the bony cavities.
  • 5. Inner ear fluids ● Membranous labyrinth= endolymph ● Space between membranous and bony labyrinth= perilymph Perilymph: Exact origin not known Serum infiltrate, CSF Rich in Na (similar to ECF and plasma) Endolymph: Origin: Stria vascularis Rich in K ion (similar to Intracellular fluid) Absorption: Endolymphatic sac
  • 6. Bony(osseous) labyrinth ● The bony labyrinth consists of 3 parts: 1. Cochlea: anteriorly 2. Vestibule: middle 3. Semicircular canals: posteriorly ● Derived from Ottic capsule
  • 8. The Vestibule ● It is central part of the bony labyrinth, and is situated medial to the tympanic cavity, behind the cochlea, and in front of the semicircular canals. ● In its lateral or tympanic wall is the fenestra vestibuli, closed by the base of the stapes and annular ligament.
  • 9. ● Two recesses: 1. Spherical recess: lodges Saccule 2. Elliptical recess: lodges Utricle ● Below elliptical recess is the opening of aqueduct of vestibule through which passes the endolymphatic duct 3 Semicircular ● Vestibule has 5 openings of canals(SCC)
  • 11. Semicircular canals(SCC) ● 3 in numbers: Lateral(horizontal) Posterior Superior ● Lies at right angles to each other ● Each canal has an ampullated end and non- ampullated end ● Non-ampullated ends of PSCC and SSCC unite to form a common channel Crus commune ● 3 SCC have 5 openings into Vestibule
  • 12. Cochlea ● A spiral shaped fluid filled structure ● Coiled tube making 2.5 to 2.75 turns around a central pyramid of bone= Modiolus
  • 14. Thin plate of bone winding spirally around modiolus like a thread of screw= bony spiral lamina
  • 15. Organ of corti through which electircal impulse(sound) are sent along the auditory(cochlear) nerve to the brain
  • 16. ● Basal turn of cochlea bonybulge in the medial wall of middle ear= Promontory ● Bony Cochlea contains 3 compartments: 1. Scala vestibuli: closed by stapes footplate, contains perilymph 2. Scala tympani: closed by secondary membrane, contains perilymph. 3. Scala media (membranous cochlea):endolymph
  • 17. Scala tympani is connected to subarachnoid space through aqueduct of cochlea
  • 18. Scala vestibule and scala tympani connects to each other at the apex of cochlea Helicotrema
  • 19. Membranous labyrinth ● Series of communicating sacs and ducts ● Filled with endolymph ● Within walls epithelium,specialized to form sensory receptors of cochlear and vestibular labyrinth ● It consists of 1. Cochlear duct 2. Utricle and saccule 3. Semicircular ducts 4. Endolymphatic duct and sac
  • 21. Cochlear duct(membranous cochlea) ● Blind coiled tube ● Triangular on cross section ● 3 walls:- 1. Basilar membrane: supports organ of corti 2. Reissner’s membrane(Roof of cochlear duct) separates it from scala vestibuli 3. Stria vascularis: contains vascular epithelium. secrets endolymph ● Cochlear duct is connected to the saccule by ductus reuniens.
  • 22. Organ of Corti: contains auditory sensory cells and complex arrangement of supporting cells ● Hair cells – inner and outer ● Stereocilia or “hairs” ● electircal impulse(sound) are sent along the auditory(cochlear) nerve to the brain
  • 27. Utricle and saccule ● Macula(Sensory epithelium): concerned with balance i.e. linear acceleration and position of head in response to gravity
  • 28. Semicircular ducts ● 3 in numbers ● Ampulated and non-ampulated end ● Ampulated end of each duct contains neuroepithelium: crista ampularis concerned with balance i.e. Angular acceleration
  • 29. Endolymphatic duct and sac ● Formed by the union of 2 ducts, one each from the saccule and utricule ● Endolymphatic duct passes through the vestibular aqueduct terminal part dilated to form endolymphatic sac ● Endolymphatic sac lies between the two layers of Dura
  • 30. Peripheral receptors of auditory and vestibular system Peripheral receptors of auditory pathway: Organ of Corti: cochlear hair cells Peripheral receptors of vestibular pathway: 1.Cristae: located in ampullated ends of 3 Semicircular ducts -responds to angular acceleration 2.Maculae: Located in otolith organs(i.e. utricle and saccule) -sense position of head in response to gravity and linear acceleration
  • 31. Peripheral receptors of auditory and vestibular system
  • 32. Vestibular Hair Cells Type I vestibular cells: compare with inner cochlear hair cells (in Organ of corti)-flask(cup)shaped Type II vestibular cells: compare with outer cochlear hair cells-cylindrical