The video discusses the history and current state of the Syrian civil war, which began in 2011 as part of the Arab Spring protests against President Bashar al-Assad. Over time, the conflict has expanded greatly and drawn in foreign powers and non-state actors, with the main factions now being the Assad government, various rebel and opposition groups, the Islamic State, al-Qaeda affiliated groups, and Kurdish forces. There are over 6 million refugees and over 6.1 million internally displaced people as a result of the ongoing violence and humanitarian crisis in Syria.