Quantum computers use quantum states of subatomic particles like qubits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This allows quantum computers to massively parallel process information. Traditional computers are approaching their processing limits while quantum computers can efficiently solve complex problems too difficult for classical computers. However, quantum computers also face challenges in stability and scaling up for widespread use.
2. Quantum Computers
Quantum computers are computational systems which makes direct
use of quantum states of subatomic particles to manipulate data
Are different from binary digital electronic computers based on
transistors while this uses “Qu-bits”
It takes advantage of the strange ability of subatomic particles to
exist in more than one state at any time
3. Why Quantum Computers?
Humans heavily rely on computers to share
information and store data
Classical computers use lot of power
Classical computers makes use of transistors which
are approaching towards atomic measures
Storing data requires lots of memory and space
4. Terms related to quantum computers
Qubits
Quantum superposition
Quantum entanglement
5. Qubits
The term “Qubit” was coined by Benjamin Schumacher
Qubit is a unit of quantum information
A qubit is a two-state quantum-mechanical system, here the two
states are vertical polarization and horizontal polarization
The qubit is in a superposition of both states at the same time, a
property that is fundamental to quantum computing
6. Superposition
Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum
mechanics
It states that, any two or more quantum states can be added together
(superposed) and the result will be another valid quantum state; and
conversely, that every quantum state can be represented as a sum of
two or more other distinct states
Qubits work on the same superposition principle
7. Entanglement
When pairs or groups of qubits interact in ways such that the
quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of
the each other
A close connection makes each of the
qubits react to the change in other state
instantaneously
One can deduce properties of other qubits no matter how far they
are.
8. Achievements
Last year, a team of Google and NASA scientists
developed a “D-wave quantum computer” which is
100 million times faster than a conventional
computer
The IBM Quantum Experience (QX) enables
anyone to easily connect to IBM’s quantum
processor via the IBM Cloud
10. Advantages
Efficient use of power
Greater computational speeds
Higher accuracy rates
Less requirement of space
Compact design and structure
11. Disadvantages
Quantum processors are quite unstable
Moving quantum computing to an industrial scale
is difficult
Can easily decode classical public/private
algorithms
Very complex operations