1. Unit # 3 Exploration and Discovery

4. Reconquista Image

7. Modern Spice Market in Turkey

10. Map showing Spanish and Portuguese Explorations of Africa and the New World

11. Let’s start with the rivalry between Spain and Portugal

14. Prince Henry the Navigator and the Portugal Empire The Portuguese yearned to find a sea route to India to thwart Arab m i ddlemen who controlled overland routes, keeping prices of pepper and other spices high by keeping supplies low.

20. The Middle Passage The Middle Passage is the slave trade route from Africa to the New World

22. Slavery and the Middle Passage http://www.kislakfoundation.org/millennium-exhibit/pics/burnside/0261.jpg

23. Slavery and the Middle Passage

24. Slavery and the Middle Passage

25. Meanwhile… The Portuguese just keep going and going and going….

26. Map showing Spanish and Portuguese Explorations of Africa and the New World

31. The British will eventually discover a route to India and they will defeat all others to take over the country. They will change the world with the East India Tea Company

32. So how did the East India Tea Company end up changing the world?

38. Let’s go back to the rivalry between Spain and Portugal

39. Spain is behind the game- even with what will be the #1 navy (called the Spanish Armada) in the world. That armada will later be sunk by fate, bad weather, and Elizabeth I of England in 1588 - never to rise again!

40. http://www.mypodcast.com/fmimage-4-174264.jpeg In 1598 Philip III of Spain offered a prize and a lifetime pension to anyone who could discover a way to find the longitude at sea. Later the English through Parliament and the scientific societies did the same. el escorial http://www.cs.utah.edu/~bigler/pictures/europe2002/spain/el%20escorial.jpg

41. Meanwhile on the other side of the world…the unknown world

47. It’s a lot of Gold…. It’s a lot of gold and silver coming from the new world to Spain http://www.flheritage.com/archaeology/underwater/galleontrail/plateFleets.cfm

48. It’s a lot of Gold…. http://www.flheritage.com/archaeology/underwater/galleontrail/plateFleets.cfm The vast amounts of natural resources discovered in the New World inspired envy among Spain’s European rivals, especially France and England. Spanish shipments of silver ( plata ), gold, gems, spices, and other exotic goods soon became prey for pirates and corsairs intent on stealing their share. To counter this threat, Spain developed a formal convoy system as early as 1537 to protect its merchant vessels from predators. At least two armed escorts, a capitana or flagship sailing at the front of the fleet and an almiranta or vice-flagship in the rear, accompanied the heavily laden ships across the Atlantic. Additional armed galleons often protected large fleets. To pay for this protection, merchants whose cargos were carried in the fleet paid a tax on their goods to the Spanish Crown How much gold and silver? $2.35 Trillion in today’s money

49. Pirate…

50. Remember that rivalry between Spain and Portugal?

51. Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 The Treaty of Tordesillas was a treaty to solve the land dispute between Castile (present-day Spain) and Portugal. 1) It clarified the spheres of influence and rights of possession in the New World.- 2) it reserved Brazil and all newly discovered lands east of Brazil to Portugal.- 3) it granted all lands west of Brazil to Spain. The treaty was organized where the land would be divided by a hypothetical north-south (longitudinal) line around the world.

53. Alamo (San Antonio)

54. Nueva Espana Indigenous - native - people became enslaved on plantations where they worked until they died. These mega-farms or mining plantations were called encomienda - labor system used by the Spanish to colonize the New World https://jspivey.wikispaces.com/file/view/EXPL2A-00099~Cruelty-of-the-Spanish-Encomienda-System-on-a-Sugar-Plantation-Santo-Domingo-Posters.jpg

55. Map of New Spain

56. Meanwhile other nations are discovering this new world… Especially England and France

58. European Colonization of North America

60. Map of New France Map of New France

64. Mercantilism and Triangle Trade

65. http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20230/triangle%20trade_routes.gif Triangle Trade

67. Columbian Exchange