1. Introduction 02 2.Kinds of Floodplains 02 3. Present Status 04 4. Floodplain Management 06 5. Conclusion 07 Reference 08

1. An Assignment
0n
‘‘Present Status of Floodplain.’’
Course Title: Inland Fisheries Management.
Course code: AERM-252
Department of Aquatic Environment and Resource Management.
Faculty of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Science.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University.
Submitted to:
MD. Foysul Hossain,
Lecturer,
Department of Aquatic Environment and Resource Management
Submitted by:
Mohammad Rashidul Islam
Reg: 18-08912 &
Mst. Khadiza Akter Bely
Reg : 18-08911
Group:7
Submission Date: 10.20.2020

2. 1
Index
Content Page No.
1. Introduction 02
2.Kinds of Floodplains 02
3. Present Status 04
4. Floodplain Management 06
5. Conclusion 07
Reference 08

3. 2
Present Status of Floodplain
1. Introduction:
Floodplains are flat lands that are alternately exposed and inundated depending on the moonson
wet and dry seasons. There are abundant with aquatic vegetation and support a wide variety of fish
species mostly SIS,SRS etc. Migration of fish spawn of riverine and migratory species from rivers
to floodplains and utilizes this habitat as feeding ground.
Bangladesh is a floodplain deltaic country
formed by the deposits of the three major
river systems of the Ganges, Brahmaputra-
Jamuna, and Meghna Rivers. Bangladesh is
one of the most floodplain-dominated
countries in the world. Including tributaries
and distributaries there are around 700 rivers
in Bangladesh stretching over 24,140 km,
thousands of smaller channels, floodplain
depressions and extensive seasonally
flooded lands that collectively form the
floodplain ecosystems. Estimates of the area
of floodplain in Bangladesh range up to 80%
(Brammer, 1990), and about 25% to 33% of
the country remains under water every year
for four to six months during the monsoon
(rainy season).
The Bangladesh floodplains are fed by
various sources of water (rivers, rainfalls, Fig: Flood Map of Bangladesh.
and tidal water) and many of them have more than one water source. The contribution of each
water source and its impact on livelihoods can change on a seasonal or annual basis, depending on
water availability and changes in the water regime. Rains or flash floods that come earlier than
normal can damage dry-season crops just before harvest.
2. Kinds of Floodplain:
Five main types of floodplain landscape are:
1. Active floodplains
2. Piedmont floodplains
3. Meander floodplains

4. 3
4. Tidal floodplains
5. Estuarine floodplains
There are several types of floods occurred regularly in Bangladesh:
• Flash floods in hilly areas
• Monsoon floods during monsoon season
• Normal bank floods from the major rivers, Brahmaputra, Ganges and Meghna
• Rain-fed floods
Due to floodplain condition, Bangladesh land are classified into five groups:
Land type Description Nature of
Flooding
Area in ha % Area
High Land Land above normal
inundation
Intermittent of
flooded
4199952 29
Medium High
Land
Land normally inundated up
to 90 cm deep
Seasonal 5039724 35
Medium Low
Land
Land normally inundated up
to 90-180 cm deep
Seasonal 1771102 12
Low Land Land normally inundated up
to 180-300 cm deep
Seasonal 1101560 08
Very Low Land Land normally inundated
deeper than 300 cm
Seasonal or
perennial
193243 01
Floodplains of Bangladesh have been divided into 18 sub-units:
(i) Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain; (ii) Tista Floodplain; (iii) Old Brahmaputra Floodplain; (iv)
Jamuna (Young Brahmaputra) Floodplain; (v) Haor Basin; (vi) Surma-Kushiyara Floodplain; (vii)
Meghna Floodplain: (a) Middle Meghna Floodplain, (b) Lower Meghna Floodplain, (c) Old
Meghna Estuarine Floodplain, and (d) Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain; (viii) Ganges River

5. 4
Floodplain; (ix) Ganges Tidal Floodplain; (x) the sundarbans; (xi) Lower Atrai Basin; (xii) Arial
Beel; (xiii) Gopalganj-Khulna Peat Basin; (xiv) Chittagong Coastal Plain; and (xv) Northern and
Eastern Piedmont Plain.
3. Present status:
Floodplain fisheries have been of
particular importance for
generations, and about 11 million
people were estimated to depend
directly or indirectly for their
livelihoods on the Bangladesh
fishery sector in 1990 (World
Bank, 1991). Some 82% of the
households that depend on fishing
for income are poor ( WorldFish
Center, 2003). Fig: Floodplain
Up to 80% of rural people and about half of rural poor households living in the floodplains catch
fish and use other aquatic resources, and up to 70% of animal protein consumption in Bangladesh
is derived from fish (Minkin, Rahman, & Halder, 1997; Muir, 2003; Toufique & Gregory, 2008).
In 2017-18, the total floodplain area was 2712618 ha, total production 768367 MT and
productivity 283kg/ha. In 2016-17 the total floodplain area was 2712618 ha, total production
765782 MT and the productivity was 282 kg/ha. Production increased 2585 MT and Growth Rate
0.34%.
Annual fish production in floodplains at different division, 2017-18
Division Total Production (MT)
Dhaka 145260
Mymensingh 53224
Khulna 90098
Barishal 31618
Rangpur 41344

6. 5
Rajshahi 86884
Chittagong 164222
Sylhet 155716
Total 768367
Bangladesh’s floodplain wetlands support over 260 fish species (Rahman, 2005). Although there
has been no known extirpation in Bangladesh, 54 (21%) of Bangladesh’s freshwater fish species
were considered to be threatened with national extinction in 2000 (International Union for the
Conservation of Nature [IUCN] Bangladesh, 2000), and 64 (25%) of these species were considered
to be threatened with national extinction in 2015 (IUCN Bangladesh, 2015).
Species Composition of Annual Fish Catch of Floodplains, 2017-18
SI. NO. Species Production (MT) Production (%)
1 Rui 43236 5.63
2 Catla 18521 2.41
3 Mrigal 23347 3.04
4 Kalibaus 2820 0.37
5 Bata 1163 0.15
6 Gonia 1785 0.23
7 Silver carp 2374 0.31
8 Grass carp 6504 0.85
9 Common carp/Mirror carp 21972 2.86
01 Other exotic carp 0 0
11 Pangas 9700 1.26
12 Boal / Air 59713 7.77
13 Shol / Gozar / Taki 66642 8.67
14 Koi 9013 1.17
15 Shingi / Magur 54854 7.14
16 Tilapia / Nilotica 0 0
17 Sarpunti / Thai punti 18904 2.46

7. 6
18 Big shrimp / Prawn 1843 0.24
19 Small shrimp / Prawn 42642 5.55
20 Other Inland Fish 383334 49.89
Total 768367 100
Fish production data of flood plains from 2001 to 2012 were collected from Fishery Statistical
Yearbook of Bangladesh, Department of Fisheries (DOF). The annual highest fish production was
8,79,513 MT in 2008-09 while the lowest fish production was about 4,49,150 MT in 2001-02.
However the area of floodplain was the same. These production difference are occurred because
of different technical methods apply in different area in those years and other measuring steps etc.
By the study, the production of carp, exotic carp, cat fish, snake headed fish and prawn were
estimated. Carp production was about 449.44 MT in 2004-05. The exotic carp production was
around 262.04 MT in 2008-09 and for cat fish about 619.52 MT in 2002-03. And the snake headed
fish production was 717.69 MT in 2005-06. The open access policy, which has led to severe
competition for the resources, has reduced the effectiveness of co-management. The future aim is
to shift the benefits to the fishers and to ensure the long-term sustainability of the resources. Both
habitat restoration and fish enhancement are important in sustaining the floodplain fisheries.
4. Floodplain management:
Floodplains are managed to reduce damage and loss. Floodplain management has three
components:
1. One-zone concept
2. Two-zone concept and
3. In a few exceptional conditional situations, a special policy area concept.
Regardless of the concept applied, the overall policies governing public health and safety should
be assured.
1. One-zone concept: Using this, planning authorities determine the flooding hazards limit,
and prohibit all development or site alteration within those boundaries. This is the most
effective way of minimizing threats to public health.
2. Two-zone concept: This concept identifies the floodway and flood fringe. The floodway
refers to the portion of the floodplain where development and site alteration would cause a
threat to the public health. The flood fringe is the portion of the floodplain where
development maybe permitted subject to certain established standards and procedures.

8. 7
3. Special policy areas: in some unique or exceptional situations, communities are allowed
to continue uses in a floodplain if the area is officially designated as a Special Policy Area
(SPA). The application of SPA concept is limited to those areas which are essential for the
continued viability of existing uses e.g. historical site or old neighborhoods build
floodplain policies come into effect.
Flood management can be divided into five parts:
1. Structural management
2. Non-structural management
3. Geologic or alternative solution
4. Reduce the carbon emission
5. Usage the proper sanitation or dry toilet
5. Conclusion:
The normal annual flooding in Bangladesh is considered to provide numerous benefits, such as
giving Bangladeshis common access to the large, natural, floodplain fishery; depositing fertile
loam on agricultural fields; and flushing stagnant water in low-lying areas. However, the second
of these, the common view that floods bring fertile silt to floodplains, appears to apply to only part
of the system in Bangladesh—the active floodplain and braided river channels. Local communities
have a direct interest in maintaining the floodplain ecosystem services that their livelihoods depend
on. However, the complex, dynamic nature of the systems makes managing them a challenge.
Bangladesh wetlands have ample water for half the year in the wet season; but the limited amount
of surface water in the dry season drives productivity. In the dry season, the surface water that is
naturally left in river channels and beels is needed for agriculture, domestic use, and the survival
of fish. Floodplains continue to be converted to sites of agriculture, aquaculture, and urban-related
uses. Floodplains plays a vital role in fisheries sector of Bangladesh.

9. 8
Reference:
# Years Book of Fisheries Statistics of Bangladesh 2017-18 .
# www.banglapedia.com
# www.researchgate.com
# www.scibd.com
# www.naturalhazarscience.com
# www.oxforde.com