1. Unwanted Pregnancy –
To abort or to give
birth?
Mohd Asrol Hafiz bin Mohd Noor 1525365
Mohammad Saifullah 1423869
Farhad Ahmad 1427865
Ahmed Alson Zaki 1327199
Amirul Hakim bin Ajahar 1429905

2.  DEFINITION
• Unwanted pregnancy – a part of un intended pregnancy.
• A core concept that is used to better understanding about the fertility populations and the
unmet need for contraception (birth control) and family planning.
• A pregnancy that is either mistimed (occurs early that desire) or unplanned or
unwanted (is not wanted at all) in a time of conception.
• A pregnancy that is not desire by both parents or one.
• Abortion is to the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often
performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy.
• Give birth is the act or process of bringing forth young from the womb

3.  CAUSE FOR UNWANTED PREGNANCY
• Not using contraception or family planning services.
• Using contraception inconsistently or incorrectly.
• Contraceptive failure – the method was used correctly, but did not work.
• Reasons contraceptives might not have been used or been used incorrectly include:
• Coercion – rape or even forced pregnancy in which sometimes happens in the context of domestic
violence.
• Lack of knowledge about sex and reproduction, including erroneous beliefs.
• Lack of knowledge or experience with the contraceptive or lack of motivation to use it correctly.
• Lack of planning or ambivalence about whether to have a child.

4.  to abort or to give birth? Why?
• To abort:
• Thinking about financial problems.
• Has no preparation to be a mother.
• Victim of rape, stigma from the society.
• Health issues.
• Lots of commitments.
• Give Birth:
• Instinct of being a mother.
• Ready to be a mother.
• Get supports from family.
• Aware on the needs of religion.

5. Options for unwanted pregnancyParenting
• Financial
Capability
• Suitable
Environment
Abortion
• Too late?
• Safe?
Adoption
• Legal
procedures
• Emotional
Impact

6. Abortion is not safer than
Childbirth
Mohammad Saifullah-1423869

7. Types of Abortion:
Abortion risks can vary depending upon the procedure and stage of pregnancy.
 During a medical abortion, a woman takes medication in early pregnancy to abort the
fetus. Typically medical abortions are done up until nine weeks gestation.
 In a surgical abortion, the fetus is removed from the uterus — typically with a vacuum
device, a syringe or a spoon–shaped instrument with a sharp edge (curet) — as a surgical
procedure (also called “suction curettage”).
 A D&E (Dilatation and Evacuation) abortion procedure is typically done after 12 weeks
of pregnancy. The procedure begins when the doctor opens (or dilates) the cervix. The
uterus is then scraped and the unborn child and placenta are removed. After 16 weeks, the
unborn child and placenta are removed, piece-by-piece, using forceps or other instruments.

8. The immediate abortion risks:
 Pelvic Infection: Germs (bacteria) from the vagina or cervix may enter the uterus during
the abortion and cause an infection in the pelvic region. Antibiotics can treat infections but,
in rare cases, a repeat suction abortion, hospitalization and/or surgery may be required.
 Incomplete abortion risks: An incomplete abortion outlines that part of the fetus, or
other products of pregnancy (placenta), may not drain completely from the uterus, requiring
further medical procedures. This may result in infection and bleeding.
 Blood clots in the uterus: Blood clots that produce severe cramping can also occur. The
clots usually are removed by a repeat surgical abortion procedure.

9. Cont…
Heavy bleeding: Some bleeding is typical after an abortion. Heavy bleeding (hemorrhaging) is
not common and may be treated by repeat suction (surgical abortion), medication or, rarely,
surgery. Be sure to ask your doctor to explain heavy bleeding and what to do if it happens.
Cut or torn cervix: The opening of the uterus (cervix) may be torn because the abortionist
must stretch it open to allow medical instruments to pass into the uterus during surgical abortion
procedures.
Puncture/Tear of the wall of the uterus: A medical instrument can cut through the wall of
the uterus during a suction abortion procedure. Perforation can lead to infection, heavy bleeding
or both, depending on the severity of the cut. Surgery may be required to repair the uterine
tissue, and in serious cases, a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) may be required.

10. Cont…
 Anesthesia-related complications: As with other surgical procedures, anesthesia increases
the risk of complications associated with abortion. Due to these risks, many surgical
abortion procedures are completed without benefit of anesthesia which can entail a great
deal of physical pain to the woman.
 Rh Immune Globulin Therapy: Genetic material found on the surface of a woman’s red
blood cells are known as the Rh Factor. If a woman and her fetus have different Rh factors,
she must receive medication to prevent the development of antibodies that would endanger
future pregnancies.
 Scar tissue on the uterine wall. A surgical abortion can result in the growth of scar tissue
in the uterus, a condition known as Asherman’s syndrome. This can lead to abnormal,
absent or painful menstrual cycles, future miscarriages and infertility.

11. Possible side effects and abortion risks of D&E
abortion:
• A hole in the uterus (uterine perforation) or other damage to the uterus.
• Injury to the bowel or bladder.
• A cut or torn cervix (cervical laceration).
• Incomplete removal of the unborn child, placenta, or contents of the uterus requiring an additional
operation.
• Complications from anesthesia, such as respiratory problems, nausea and vomiting, headaches, or drug
reactions.
• Inability to get pregnant due to infection or complication from an operation.
• A possible hysterectomy as a result of complication or injury during the procedure.
• Hemorrhage (heavy bleeding).
• Emergency treatment for any of the above problems, including the possible need to treat with an operation,
medicines, or a blood transfusion.

12. Abortion Risk – Impact on Future Pregnancies:
• Complications associated with an abortion, or having multiple abortions, may make it difficult to have children in the
future.
• In addition, some research suggests a possible link between abortion and an increased risk of the following
in future pregnancies:
• Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy
• Preterm birth
• Low birth weight
• Placenta problems, such as retained placenta
• An incompetent cervix poses risks for future pregnancies — particularly during the second trimester — including:
premature birth, pregnancy loss. In such cases, surgery might be needed to repair the damage before a woman can
conceive another child.
• A weakened or damaged cervix can lead to the potential for the cervix to open prematurely (incompetent cervix) in
a subsequent pregnancy. This is more likely to affect women who have had multiple surgical abortions.

13. Emotional, Psychological and/or Physical Abortion
Risks:
• Acute feeling of grief
• Depression
• Anger
• Fear of disclosure
• Preoccupation with babies or getting pregnant
again
• Nightmares
• Sexual dysfunction
• Termination of relationships
• Emotional coldness
• Increased alcohol and drug abuse
• Eating disorders
• Anxiety
• Flashbacks of the abortion procedure
• Anniversary syndrome
• Repeat abortions
• Suicide
REFERENCE: Abortion Risks Louisiana and Texas Department of State Health
Services.

14. When it comes to which is safer abortion, the results
speak loudly and clearly:
 During the first six months after an early abortion (12 weeks or less), a woman
has double the risk of death compared to giving birth.
 During the first year following a late abortion (after 12 weeks) a woman has over
three times the risk of death compared to giving birth.
• Studies conducted by Bradley Mattes, is the executive director of Life Issues Institute, a national
pro-life educational group.

15. Unsafe Abortion
1
An estimated 19–20 million
unsafe abortions take place
every year, 97% of these are
in developing countries.
2
Despite its frequency,
unsafe abortion remains one
of the most neglected global
public health challenges.
3
An estimated 68 000
women die every year from
unsafe abortion, and
millions more are injured,
many permanently.
4
Leading causes of death are
haemorrhage, infection, and
poisoning from substances
used to induce abortion.
5
Access to modern
contraception can reduce
but never eliminate the need
for abortion.

17. Not A good Decision

19. Please EnPlease Enter Your Text
Here.Please Enter Your Text
Here.Plea
Legal on request Restricted to cases of maternal life, mental health, health, rape, fetal defects, and/or socioeconomic
factors Restricted to cases of maternal life, mental health, health, rape, and/or fetal defects
Restricted to cases of maternal life, mental health, health, and/or rape Restricted to cases of maternal life, mental health,
and/or health Restricted to cases of maternal life Illegal with no exceptions No information

20. • The risk of death associated with a full-term pregnancy and delivery is 8.8 deaths
per 100,000, while the risk of death linked to legal abortion is 0.6 deaths per
100,000 women.
• A woman carrying a baby to term is 14 times more likely to die than a woman who
chooses to have a legal abortion.
• There were 2,856 deaths in women between 1998 and 2005 and 64 deaths were
reported for legal abortion.

21. •If the mother give
birth, it will
endanger the
mother life.
•The child have a
disease that might
effect the child
life. Example is
virus zika.
Scholars permit its
abortion only if the
fetus is less than
four months old, or
if it endangers the
life of its mother.

22. Abortion in Islamic perspective
and conventional law

23. • The regulation of abortion may vary widely from country to country, but nearly all nations – 96%
– allow women to terminate their pregnancies in order to save their lives, according to a new Pew
Research Center analysis of 196 countries based on 2013 United Nations data.
• About a quarter of the countries in the analysis (50 countries, or 26%) only allow abortions to save
the life of the mother.
• The six countries that do not allow abortions under any circumstances are the Latin American
nations of Chile, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador and Nicaragua as well as Vatican
City (represented in the U.N. by the Holy See) and Malta, both of which are in Europe.
Conventional law on Abortion

24. • The Vatican and Malta are exceptions to the norm in Europe, where about three-
quarters of countries allow abortions for any reason (73%). France, Germany,
Greece and Russia are among the 32 European nations where this is the case.
• Although all countries in the Middle East-North Africa region allow abortions if
the mother’s life is at risk, only four out of 18 permit abortions in cases of rape
or incest, and just two (Bahrain and Tunisia) allow abortion for any reason. Similar
trends are seen in sub-Saharan Africa, where 98% of countries allow abortions to
save the mother’s life, but only 33% permit abortion in cases of rape or incest and
just two, Cape Verde and South Africa, allow elective abortions for any reason.
Cont…

25. • Sanctity of life
• Islam regards human life sacred. Allah Most High says:
• 1. “And verily we have honoured the children of Adam” (Surah al-Isra,
V.70).
• 2. Whosoever has killed a soul, it is as though he has murdered all of
mankind. Whosoever has spared the life of a soul, it is as though he has
spared the life of all people. (Qur'an 5:32)
Islamic perspective

26. • It does not matter where the life exists. Whether the life is extra-uterine or
intra-uterine, its location has no significance on its sanctity. This sanctity
applies not only to human life, but to the human body as well. Hence,
according to Shari’ah, the physical body of a human after death is just as
sacred as it was before death. The degree of sanctity of life is greater than
that of the body. This is one of the reasons why it is unlawful (Haram) to
consume the meat of a human, dead or alive.
Cont…

27. • a) Abortion after the soul (Ruh) enters the foetus
• b) Abortion prior to the entry of the soul in to the foetus
• Before mentioning the ruling on abortion with regards to
these two stages, it must be remembered here, that
according to Shari’ah the soul (Ruh) enters the foetus at
120 days (4 months) from conception.
The Shari’ah ruling on abortion:

28. • A) after the entry of the soul into the foetus which is (as explained) 120
days, is that, it is totally impermissible and tantamount to murder, as it
results in the taking out of an innocent life. All the scholars have
unanimously condemned such a ghastly act.
• Imam Ibn Tamiiyah states in his Fatawa collection:
• “Aborting a foetus has been declared unlawful (Haram) with the consensus
of all the Muslim scholars. It is similar to burying an infant alive as referred
to by Allah Almighty in the verse of the Qur’an: “And when the female
infant, buried alive, will be asked as to what crime she was killed
for” (Surah al-Takwir, 8) (Fatawa Ibn Tamiyya, 4/217).
The ruling on abortion in stage

29. • scholars have given a dispensation to abort the pregnancy after 120 days, in the
situation where the life of the mother is in certain and absolute danger.
• Abortion is regarded as a lesser evil in this case because:
• the mother is the 'originator' of the foetus
• the mother's life is well-established
• the mother has with duties and responsibilities
• the mother is part of a family
• allowing the mother to die would also kill the foetus in most cases
Protection of the mother's life

30. • B) prior to the entry of the soul into the foetus (120 days), the ruling is
that, even in this case it is unlawful (Haram) to abort the pregnancy.
• It is stated in Radd al-Muhtar:
• “It is not permissible to abort the pregnancy before and after the entry of
the soul into the foetus” (Radd al-Muhtar, 5/279).

31. • However, in certain extreme circumstances, it would be permitted to abort the
pregnancy, before the entry of the soul (120 days), such as: when the woman
conceives after being raped, the mothers life or health is in danger, or
repeated pregnancies severely damages her health,
• Imam al-Haskafi writes in Durr al-Mukhtar:
• “Aborting the pregnancy will be permissible due to a valid reason, provided the
soul has not yet entered the foetus”
Extreme Circumstances