1. COMMERCIAL
COMPLEX
Architectural Case-Studies

2. NATIONAL CASE
STUDY
LABIM MALL.
KALIMATI TRADE CENTER.

3. LABIM MALL
Lalitpur, Nepal

4. PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
Location: Pulchowk, Lalitpur.
Land Area: 20,000sq.ft
Architect: Rajesh Verma (Architronix)
Client: TeamQuest
Project year: Since 2016
Total Investment: 300 million

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SITE ANALYSIS
Pulchowk Campus
Jawalakhel + zoo
Park
(Lalitpur office)
Patan durbar square
Ashok stupa
Police station

6. PANORAMIC VIEW
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7. CONCEPT
“TO ENCAPSULATE THE
HIGH-STREET FASHION
SCENE OF DURBAR MARG
AND FOOD CULTURE OF
JHAMEL”
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8. CONCEPT
“WALK THE STREET”
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Design elements such as artificial
trees, food stalls to heighten the
experience
Open plans and
clear straight view to
encourage casual
strolling
Use of different materials in façade
and floors to accentuate the
randomness of street

9. SITE FORCES
• PATAN DURBAR
SQUARE
• PULCHOWK
ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
• LALITPUR
METROPOLITAN
CITY OFFICE.
• COMMERCIAL
CUM
RESIDENTIAL.
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10. MATERIALS USED
BRICK CLADDING
WITH SURKHI
PLASTER
ACP GLASS,
GYPSUM(CEILINGS)
FLOORING(DESERT
NEGRO TILES,
KOTA TILES)

11. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
• MULTIPLE ACCESSES FOR PEDESTRIAN
• FLUSHED RAMP WITH FOOTHPATH HAS
CREATED A BARRIER FREE ENTRANCE TO
MALL.
• CENTRAL ATRIUM IN BETWEEN IS PROVIDED TO
BEHAVE AS A MAZZANINE PLANNING.
• IT IS SERVED AS A THEME DURING FESTIVAL.
1. 2.

12. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
• WELL MANAGED PARKING ENTRANCE AND EXIT. • PROPER SIGNAGE IN EVERY SECTION.
3. 4.

13. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
• AUTRIUM COVERED WITH STEEL TRUSS CREATES A PERFECT TEXTURE BETWEEN LIGHT AND SHADE.
• CONTROLS THE EXCESSIVE GLARE OF SUNLIGHT DUE TO TRIANGULAR PANEL IN ROOF.
• PRESENCE OF COVERING PROVIDES A HUG SPACE FOR SEVERAL ACTIVITIES, CONCERTS, EXHIBITIONS ETC.
• THE SHAPE OF STEEL TRUSS WAS DESIGNED IN A HYPERBOLA PARABOLA FORM TO REPRESENT THE MOUNTAINS.
• TRANSLUCENT AND OPAQUE PANEL WERE PROVIDED TO REPRESENT THE SNOW AND STONE ON IT.
13
5.

14. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
6.
• Vertical greenery and plantation in terrace an unique way to give a space to green.
• Creating a hanging flowerbed surrounding atrium adds elementary green to the core of the mall.

15. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
• PROPER LIGHTING IN ATRIUM AND SHOPS WHICH
ALSO PREVENTS FROM GLARE.
• GOOD CIRCULATION OF NATURAL AIR IN
ATRIUM AND BASEMENT BY PROVIDING OPEN
ENTRANCE AND TREEACES AT EXTERIOR
FAÇADE.
7. BUILDING HAS INCLUDED BOTH THE AIRFLOW AND LIGHTING AS SUSTAINABLE CONSIDERATION
WHICH MINIMISES THE ENERGY EFFECIENCY OF THE BUILDING.

16. • Use of different forms of masses to stray
away from monotone.
• Use of central void as an atrium which acts
as a binding element.
• The separate block is joined via bridges.
• A “Kite like shape” appears from a birds
eye view that is diagonally symmetrical
FORM & PLANNING
MASS & VOID RELATIONSHIP
16

17. • Entrances from South & West
• Half of the overall area is allocated to
circulation space, with the remaining 50%
designated for rental space.
• Vertical circulation is facilitated by
escalators, elevators, and staircases, while
horizontal circulation is supported by
walkways and a lobby.
FORM & PLANNING
MASTERPLAN WITH GROUND
FLOOR PLANNING
17

18. FORM & PLANNING
PLANNING
18
• Strategic Design: LABIM's central atrium
fosters communication between spaces,
drawing people upward to the top floor for
an impressive visual experience.
• Efficient Flow: LABIM ensures ample
circulation with a harmonious layout,
equitably distributing space for smooth
crowd management.

19. FORM & PLANNING
PLANNING
19
• Visitor Convenience: Separate pathways
for staff and visitors, with direct access
provided only by lifts and escalators.
• Space Optimization: LABIM maximizes
the sense of spaciousness while
addressing congestion with an 800mm-
wide staircase and a two-way escalator.

20. FORM & PLANNING
FUNCTIONAL PLANNING:
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• Ground and 1st Floor: Retail shops 2nd Floor: Restaurant

21. FORM & PLANNING
FUNCTIONAL PLANNING:
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2nd Floor: Restaurant

22. FORM & PLANNING
FUNCTIONAL PLANNING:
22
• 3rd Floor: QFX, and café 4th Floor: Gym and offices

23. FORM & PLANNING
FUNCTIONAL PLANNING:
23
4th Floor: Level-3 Lounge

24. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Retrofitting
Retrofitting in basements after
addition of upper floors
Expansion Joints
Expansion joints connecting
two different blocks
Columns
Columns to column spanning
of 4.95m

25. SERVICES
Emergency Staircase
Emergency escape route at
East end of the complex
Staircases
3 of1- staff only staircase, 1-
public stairway, 1-emergency
staircase
Fire-safety
Provision of fire-hydrant
system in each floor
25

26. WASHROOMS
• No. of services: 1 per floor
• Accessibility: Designed to
be disability-friendly.
• Fixture Ratio (Male):
Includes 5 urinals and 5 water
closets (wcs).
• Fixture Ratio (Female):
Provides 5 water closets
(wcs) and 3 basins.

27. PARKING
• CAPACITY: 200 cars and 400
bikes.
• EV CHARGING AND
HANDICAP SPACES.
• PARKING GRID: 3 cars per
grid( 2m for each cars)
• DRIVEWAY: Aisle width of
5m.
• ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING AND
VENTILATION.
• BASEMENT HEIGHT: Lower
basement of 2.1m and upper
basement of 2.7m
• ENTRY FROM SOUTH AND
EXIT FROM WEST.

28. MOVIE THEATER
• CAPACITY: 182 SEATS
• NO. OF HALLS: 3

29. POSITIVE ASPECT:
• ZONING: Customer enjoys free movement with natural lighting and well-
conditioned air.
• THE FLOOR SCHEMES: Every shop gets attention of costumer walking
in.
• Presence of costumer care at entrance.
• Transparent glass lift breaks monotonous feeling inside giving panoramic
view of mall.
• Separate red smoking zone creates healthy environment.
• Use of planters as interior elevation adds freshness inside mall.
NEGATIVE ASPECT:
• Escape staircase is hard to notice and leading to underground parking.
• Discomforting staircase attached to front façade.

30. KALIMATI
TRADE
CENTER
Kalimati, Kathmandu

31. PROJECT
INTRODUCTION
Location: Kalimati, Kathmandu.
Land Area: Around 4 ropani.
Architect: Ar. Bibek Prasad Joshi (Design Inc. Pvt Ltd)
Client: Kalimati trade center.
Project year: 2078 BS
Investment: ~1.4 arba NPR
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SITE ANALYSIS Kalimati
Market
Kuleshwor
Kathmandu
engineering
college
soaltemod
Soaltee city
apartment
Kalanki road
• Aligned with retail shops
• Relatively less compliments around

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SITE FORCES
KALIMATI MARKET.
KANTIPUR ENGINEERING
COLLEGE.
HAYATT PALACE.
SOLTEECITY APARTMENT.

34. CONCEPT
“To maximize the occupancy
and render almost all corners
used and realized”
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PANORAMIC VIEW

36. DESIGN
ELEVATION TREATMENT
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Use of faux beams as design
element helps lead eye towards the
building and above
Use of reflective
glass and less
exposed façade
hints privacy driven
needs
Blank space left for hoarding boards
& advertisement

37. OUTDOOR ATMOSPHERE
Entrance
View as we walk towards the
complex
Transitional Space
Using the same entryway for
both the entrance and parkway
created a conflicting and
congested space
Outdoor Experience
Transparent glass roof
covering for entrance
maintaining ample light
Food Courts
An outdoor sitting experience
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38. ACCESS AND LANDSCAPE
20XX
Entrance blends quite easily with the street and
provision of ramps for accessibility
The box office booth at the entrance created a
cramped feeling, and the lobby lacked intrigue.
Restaurants and outdoor food stalls enhance the
mall's ambiance.
Pitch deck title 38

39. • Use of different forms of masses for light
penetration.
• The building mass is in relationship to site
plan, rendering it almost as an offset.
• Unlike most commercial complex, it lacks
the use of central courtyard or atrium
space.
• The building mass doesn't interact with the
void to create spatial balance.
FORM & PLANNING
MASS & VOID RELATIONSHIP
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40. Sun-path and building relationship with
respect to the site.
FORM & PLANNING
MASS & VOID RELATIONSHIP
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41. 20XX Pitch deck title 41
• Building Orientation: South Facing
• Main Entrance: South
• Rear Entrance: North
• Building absorbs generous sunlight
throughout the day.
FORM & PLANNING

42. MASTERPLAN & ZONING
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Salesberry
Outdoor w/c for
g.f
Food court
Lobby
Parking ramp
Retail shop
restaurant
Parking ramp

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Exterior Circulation
eateries
Parking ramp
Interior Circulation
vertical Circulation
retail stores
washroom

44. TYPICAL
FLOOR
PLAN
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2nd and 3rd floor plans

45. FORM & PLANNING
PLANNING
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• Circular Flow: KTC’s hallway loops
around the retail shop creating a
circular footprint, that forces the
visitors to roam throughout the
building
• Efficient Circulation: The escalators,
staircase and elevators are placed
right angled to each other, so they are
easy to locate and opt. as per
required

46. FORM & PLANNING
PLANNING
20XX Pitch deck title 46
• Inadequate Lighting: The multi-
layered retail design hindered natural
daylight from entering the east-end
side hallways and shops, creating a
dark and cramped atmosphere.
Additionally, the lower ceiling height
contributed to a claustrophobic
experience.

47. FORM & PLANNING
PLANNING
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• Energy Efficiency: The building lacks
atriums and voids that would facilitate
airflow, as it is enclosed, resulting in
limited circulation of fresh air within
the structure.

48. FORM & PLANNING
DEAD ENDS IN CIRCULATION
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49. INDOOR ATMOSPHERE
Lobby Retail Shops
Bank and office are placed
next to each other while the
square formed by the trio
(stairs, elevator and excavator)
acts as a passage.
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Escalator
View as we escalate towards
upper floor
Lobby space that leads up to
the main building
Retail shops viewed from the
stairway.
Office Space

50. THEATER
• No. of Screens: 2
• Seating Capacity: 148, 120
• Exit Plan: Through
emergency exit route
• Seatings: 0.5m x 0.7m
(upright)
• Seatings: 0.5m x 0.9m
(reclined)
• Aisle: 0.4m
• Distance From Screen: 4.5m
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51. THEATRE PLAN
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52. INDOOR ATMOSPHERE
Food Court
First view upon entering the
theater zone.
Waiting Zone
Provision for waiting zone with
geometric furniture and ceiling
following the cohesive interior
design of theater.
Illuminated Guide
Illuminated risers were
strategically employed to
create an engaging and
enjoyable atmosphere upon
entering the theater
Ticket Counter
Storage to the left and ticket
counter to the right.
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53. WASHROOMS
• No. of services: 1 per floor
• Accessibility: Not accessible
• Fixture Ratio (Male):
Includes 4 urinals, 1 water
closet (wcs) and 2 wash
basins.
• Fixture Ratio (Female):
Provides 3 water closets
(wcs) and 3 basins.
• W/C Dimension: 0.9m x
1.3m
• W/C Door: 0.6m
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54. PARKING
• Total Capacity: 25 cars, 80-
100 bikes
• Accessibility Parking: Not
accessible
• Entry & Exit: 2-way access is
provided for the parking
• Parking Grid: 3 Cars / 8
Bikes (7.5m)
• Aisle Width: 5m
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55. PARKING
Drainage Issue
Water was found accumulating
at the foot of the ramp as a
lack of drainage.
Parkway
North-entry to the parking
Parking Grid
3 Cars align within the column
girds
Water Supply
Water Supply of 3 (5000 liters
tank) services the building
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56. MATERIALS USED
Tinted Acp Glass UPVC (UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE)
Ceramic Tiles Gypsum & wooden suspended ceiling

57. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS:
Expansion Joints
2 staircases of 1 public(east)
and 1 for emergency
exit(north)
Columns
Provision of fire-hydrants at
each floors (North and South
Ends)
Projections
Floor projection that supported
services like A/C
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58. SERVICES
Emergency Exit
2 staircases of 1 public(east)
and 1 for emergency
exit(north)
Fire Protection
Provision of fire-hydrants at
each floors (North and South
Ends)
Electrical Room
Electrical Room is provided at
ground floor, which is followed
by service rooms at
subsequent floors.
Service Ducts
Service ducts of 0.7m x 0.4m
is provided to conceal wirings
and fixtures
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59. 20XX Pitch deck title 59
S.N Titles Labim mall Kalimati trade center
1 Columns (0.8*0.8)m (0.6*0.6)m
2 Parking Capacity
200 cars
400 bikes
Cars: 20-22 cars
Bikes: 80-100 bikes
3 Parking Grid Per Grid: 3 cars (6m)
Per Grid: 3 cars (7.5m)
Per Grid: 2 cars (4.5m)
4 Basement Height
Lower: 2.1m
Upper: 2.7m
3.2m
5 Parking Access Entryway: 4m
Exit: 3m
Entry: 5m
6 Ramp Way Slope Angle: Slope Angle
7 Corridor/Hallway 3m
1.5m
2.1m
8 Ceiling height
Total Height: 3m
Dropped: Ceiling Height: 2.6m
Total Height: 2.9 m
Dropped Ceiling Height: 2.4m
9 Elevator
Dimensions: (1.8*1.9*2.3)m
Capacity: 13 person
Number: 2 + 1
Dimensions: (1.2*1.3*2.1)m
Capacity: 10
Number: 1

60. 20XX Pitch deck title 60
S.N Labim mall Kalimati Trade Center
10 Escalator Dimensions: (1.5* 10.5* 2.1)m
Dimension:
Angled At:
11 Staircase
Emergency: 0.8m wide
Visitors: 2m wide
Visitors: 1.5m wide
Emergency: 1m wide
12 Duct at basement (1.3*0.42) m (0.7 * 0.5) m
13
Lighting fixtures
distance
1.5m apart 2.7m apart
14 Handrails height 1.1m 0.91m
15 Signage and wayfinding At every sector Not properly mentioned
16
Handicap spaces, E.V
charging
Present Absent
17 Separate smoking zone Present Absent
18 Energy efficient design Yes No

61. THANK YOU
Mohit Aryal