1. OPERATING SYSTEMS
IN
CLOUD ENVIRONMENT
Term papersubmitted
By
To
Department of Computer
Science and Engineering
In partialfulfilmentoftheRequirementforthe
CA of Operating Systems
To
Mr.Sir
(Asstt. Professor)
(December 2013)
2. CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
Introduction to Operating Systems in Cloud Environment
Abstract of Cloud Operating Systems
Architecture of Cloud Operating Systems
Goals of Cloud Operating Systems
Different Types of Cloud Operating Systems
Benefits of Cloud Operating Systems
Applications
Advantages offered by Cloud Operating Systems
Future Scope
Conclusion
References
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without the mention of people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose constant
guidance and encouragement crown all efforts with success. I am extremely grateful to my
teacher „Mr. Sir‟ for being a source of inspiration and for her constant support in the design,
implementation and evaluation of this term paper. I am thankful to him for his constant
constructive criticism and valuable suggestions, which benefited me a lot while developing the
term paper on „Operating Systems in Cloud Environment‟. Through this column, it would be my
utmost pleasure to express my warm thanks to him for his encouragement, co-operation and
consent as without which I mightn‟t be able to accomplish this term paper.
I would also like to express my thanks to almighty god for his grace and mercy.
Above all, I am extremely thankful to my friends who always remained aside me.
4. INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS IN
CLOUD ENVIRONMENT
Like a server Operating System (OS), a cloud OS is responsible for managing resources. In a
server (e.g., a PC), the OS is responsible for managing the various hardware resources, such as
CPU, memory, disks, network interfaces – everything inside a server‟s chassis. It hides the
hardware operation details and allows these scarce resources to be efficiently shared. A cloud OS
serves the same purpose. Instead of managing a single machine‟s resources, a cloud OS is
responsible for managing the cloud infrastructure, hiding the cloud infrastructure details from the
application programmers and coordinating the sharing of the limited resources. But unlike a
traditional OS, a cloud OS has to do everything at scale. IBM CEO Thomas J. Watson is well
known for his 1943 statement (although only scant evidence exists): “I think there is a world
market for maybe five computers.” Although it is often laughed at since the advent of Personal
Computers, it is becoming a reality again. The only difference is that we refer to these computers
as clouds. Today, only a handful of companies, such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon and Yahoo,
need and are capable of building a cloud–a large server farm with hundreds of thousands of
servers. For example, it is reported that Google has well over 1 million servers. Managing such
big an infrastructure requires the OS to be extremely scalable.
Cloud Operating System is an open source web desktop following the cloud computing
concept. It is mainly written in PHP, XML, and JavaScript. It acts as a platform for web
applications written using the Cloud Computing concepts. It includes a Desktop environment
with number of applications and system utilities. It is accessible by portable devices via its
mobile front end. Every Cloud Operating System lets you upload your files and work with them
no matter where you are. It contains applications like Word Processor, Address Book, PDF
reader, and many more developed by the Cloud vendor.
Cloud is a simplified Operating System that runs just on a Web browser, providing access
to a variety of web-based applications that allow the user to perform many simple tasks without
booting a full-scale Operating System. Because of its simplicity, Cloud can boot in just a few
seconds. The Operating System is designed for Net books, Mobile Internet Devices, and PCs that
are mainly used to browse the Internet. From Cloud the user can quickly boot into the main OS,
because Cloud continues booting the main OS in the background.
5. An operating system for the cloud by ‘Microsoft’
….
Service 1
Service 2
Service N
Service 3
……
6. ABSTRACT OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
The idea behind Cloud Operating Systems is that the whole system lives in the web browser. The
client must have only a web browser to work with Cloud Operating Systems and all its
applications, including Office and PIM ones. This applies to for both modern and obsolete PC's
An Open Source Platform designed to hold a wide variety of Web Applications. Cloud Operating
Systemswas thought of as a new definition of an Operating System, where everything inside it
can be accessed from everywhere inside a Network. All you need to do is login into your Cloud
Operating Systemsserver with a normal Internet Browser, and you have access to your personal
desktop, with your applications, documents, music, movies... just like you left it. Cloud
Operating Systems lets you upload your files and work with them no matter where you are. It
contains applications like Word Processor, Address Book, PDF reader, and many more
developed by the community. There are many Cloud Operating Systems like Eye OS, Glide,
Amoeba, Ghost, Jolly e.t.c.
7. ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
Architecture of Cloud Operating System structure is divided into 4 parts:-
Kernel: Unify the system services..
Sevices:Functions of the lower level.
Library:Do not handle low level tasks (such as files, users or processes), instead they
make the development of applications easier.
Applications:Able to call a function of the any part.
8. GOALS OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
Being able to work from everywhere, regardless of whether or not you are using a full-
featured, modern computer, a mobile gadget, or a completely obsolete PC.
Sharing resources easily between different work centers at company, or working from
different places and countries on the same projects.
Always enjoying the same applications with the same open formats, and forgetting the
usual compatibility problems between office suites and traditional operating systems.
Being able to continue working if you have to leave your local computer or if it just
crashes, without losing data or time: Just log in to your Cloud Operating System from
another place and continue working.
Cloud Computing Layers
9. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
The following are the various Cloud Operating Systems available in the Real-Time world
provided by the Cloud Vendors.
1. GLIDE
Glide OS 4.0 is a comprehensive Ad-Free cloud computing solution. Glide is a free suite
of rights-based productivity and collaboration applications with 30GBs of storage. Users who
want extra storage or would like to add extra users can upgrade to Glide Premium now with 250
GBs for $50.00 a year or 20 cents per GB per year. With a Glide Premium account you can set
up and administer up to 25 users. The Glide OS provides automatic file and application
compatibility across devices and operating systems. With Glide OS you also get the Glide Sync
App which helps you to synchronize your home and work files.
2. AMOEBA
Amoeba Cloud OS is an advanced Online Cloud Operating System. Log in to your free
account and join a cloud computing revolution that begins with great apps like Shutterborg,
Exstream and Surf.
3. MY GOYA
MyGoya is a free online operating system. Your own personal desktop can be accessed
from any Internet PC in the world and includes e-mail, chat, file sharing, calendar and an instant
messenger. Manage your contacts from anywhere in the world.
4. KOHIVE
Kohive is an online desktop where you can easily collaborate with others. It‟s perfect for
freelancers, small businesses, students and groups with similar interests.
5. ZIMDESK
Zimdesk Operating System is your computer on the web – the entire functionality of a PC
– online. There is nothing to install. A web browser and internet connection are all you need to
access your desktop, files and favorite applications. You can access your data anytime from
anywhere, from any PC.
6. GHOST
Ghost Cloud Computing is a leading company in the cloud computing industry
specializing in cloud computing for the end user. Ghost offers individuals and businesses file
storage and apps in the cloud to enable secure personal computing from any device. Ghost is
distributed directly from its web site and through channels. Ghost web interface is very simple
and easy to use, it make it quick and easy to manage your files and folders. We can upload data
of any type to your cloud storage from any device. We can view and edit any of your files in any
browser. We can instantly share files and documents with any friend by sending them a link.
Wherever you are, you can edit documents and pictures directly online within Ghost portal. It
also offers full mobile support, you can browse your file and folders from your cellular device or
we can mount as a Windows drive; just like a USB flash drive. We can move files between local
hard disk and your Cloud File.
10. 7. JOLI
“Joli OS is a free and easy way to turn any computer up to 10 years old into a cool new
cloud device. Get on the Web and instantly connect to all your Web apps, files and services
using the computer you already own. You may never need to buy a new computer again. It‟s
easy. Just download Joli Operating System. It installs in just 10 minutes.”
8. CLOUDO
Cloudo is a free Cloud Operating System that lives on the Internet, right in your web
browser. This means that you can reach your documents, photos, music and all other files no
matter where you are, from any computer or mobile phone. It features an open, powerful, stable
and versatile development environment. With the click of a mouse button you can get started
with creating applications for yourself, a group of people or even everyone. And if we are good,
we can make money out of this as well. We can easily share a set of files, images or set up a joint
account with friends and colleagues.
9. CORNELI
The CorneliOS Web OS is an easy-to-use, multi-user and cross-browser “Web Desktop
Environment”, “Web Operating System” or “Web Office” and comes with a set of cool
applications.
10. LUCID
Lucid comes with lots of applications. One can browse photos, listen to music, and edit
documents. It also comes with an RSS feed reader, some games, a calculator, and a bash-like
terminal application. We can install additional third-party applications, which allows we do even
more!
11. EYE OS
EyeOS is one of the most used WebOperating System which is released under the
AGPLv3 license and only needs Apache + PHP5 + MySQL to run. With EyeOS you can build
your private Cloud Desktop. Using EyeOS Web Runner we can open your EyeOS files from
your browser with your local apps and save them automatically on our cloud. In EyeOS 2.0 we
can work collaboratively with other users simultaneously in the same document, it is the Safe
Cloud Computing system because we can host it in your own company or organization. We will
get privacy and cloud computing at its best.
12. STARTFORCE
With Startforce, we can run Windows apps such as MS Office, Adobe Acrobat and
Quickbooks. We can also stitch in web apps such as Salesforce.com, Google or your company‟s
intranet web apps.
11. BENEFITS OF CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
Worldwide availability of Cloud Operating Systems:
As it‟s available through internet .
Requires only browser:
A browser with Java support is more than enough.
Dynamic content and design:
Interface can be customized according your needs, windows are floating
so that they can be repositioned.
Extensive list Applications:
Office applications, Multimedia applications, Network applications and
Chat applications etc. all are available.
Remote storage facility:
Through the file browser you can store files over the internet and edit
them as you want.
Browser and Platform independent:
All browsers and all operating systems are supported.
Rich text editing facility
12. APPLICATIONS
EyeOSprovides system for the users where they work with EyeOS and all its
applications, including Office and PIM ones.
EyeOS provides a toolkit to create new applications easily
EyeOS can provide schools and universities with a full web platform where students,
teachers and parents will have a personal yet collaborative desktop to work and,
communicate between themselves and get organized inside and outside the school.
With a private server, EyeOS can provide city councils, public library networks, free
Internet points and other public environments the perfect system for their users to have a
web place to work and communicate with the network managers, registering once and
using it from every point.
EYE OS Example
13. ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY CLOUD OPERATING SYSTEMS
A cloud OS is complex to implement. There are two reasons for this complexity. First, the sheer
scale of the cloud infrastructure pushes the technology limit. Few companies have had the
experience of managing such a big infrastructure, and the cloud providers are forced to build new
solutions from the ground up. For example, Google designed their own GFS to manage files and
their own BigTable to store a large amount of semi structured data. Similarly, Amazon designed
Dynamo to manage storage and built their own management infrastructure to support their web
services API.
Second, a cloud has to be robust and scalable because it is designed to be shared by hundreds or
thousands of people instead of just a few users on a PC. Just like the computers in the 1940‟s,
clouds are expensive to build.Both Google andMicrosoft are aggressively building out their
cloud infrastructure.
According to their annual 10K reports, both companies are spending close to a billion dollars a
year on capital investment. Only a handful companies could afford such a big investment. Yet,
many companies or individuals require access to a large computation capacity once in a while;
thus, a large number of users could potentially time-share the cloud infrastructure at the same
time. It is not trivial to support such a large number of users at the same time. As evidence of the
complexity of building a cloud OS, even after 4 years of its introduction, we still found a bug in
Amazon SQS through the course of this research. Even though a cloud OS is complex to
implement, out of necessity, cloud providers have already spent a large amount of engineering
efforts on building a highly scalable cloud OS that can manage a large infrastructure shared by
many people. If we leverage the existing cloud OS, we can potentially lower the application
complexity, yet achieve high scalability.
15. FUTURE SCOPE
The existence of simple yet powerful and expressive abstractions is essential in realizing the full
potential of Cloud Computing. To this purpose we introduced the Cloud operating system, Cloud
OS. Cloud OS aims to provide an expressive set of resource management options and metrics to
applications to facilitate programming in the Cloud, while at the same time exposing a coherent
and unified programming interface to the underlying distributed hardware. This unified interface
will provide developers with a quick and transparent access to a massively scalable computing
and networking environment, allowing the implementation of robust, elastic, and efficient
distributed applications.
Our next steps beyond laying out the architecture of CloudOS include, first, a detailed definition
of functional elements and interfaces of the kernel-space Cloud processes and of the user-space
libraries, and second, the design and implementation of the aforementioned elements with
emphasis on fault-tolerance, security, and elasticity.
16. CONCLUSION
Here, I conclude my lines of my term paper on the topic „Operating Systems in Cloud
Environment‟ with the extreme satisfaction and contentment. Building a highly scalable system
is not an easy task. We have to invest in a great deal of engineering efforts to make sure not only
the overall system, but also every single component are robust and scalable. Worst yet, we tend
to redo everything for the next system that we have to build.
In this paper, we explore a new way of building these systems, i.e., building them on top
of a cloud OS. Because of its scale (both the size of the infrastructure and the number of
customers), a cloud vendor has to spend a large amount of engineering efforts to make its
services scalable, possibly more scalable than any other implementations. We have implemented
MapReduce on top of the Amazon cloud OS. That implementation has three primary advantages.
First, it is simpler. It has 3,000 lines of Java code, two orders of magnitude simpler than a
traditional implementation.Second, that implementation is more scalable because there is no
single point of scalability bottleneck, and shows experimentally that this is true. Last, the
implementation is faster. In one case, it is 60 times faster than the Hadoop implementation.
Added to this, my term paper contains the basic description of Cloud OS. It also includes
practical application of Cloud OS in practical life. Also I have sincerely included the references
from where I have made my term paper. This term paper is the outcome of my hard and
laborious work and contains a complete knowledge on the path independent line integral.
Here, I end my lines with the hope that my term paper will be equally appreciated and
heartily accepted by all. Also, all my faults and mistakes would be forgiven.
