1. Presented by
Mona Othman Albureikan

2. - preventing.
- Destroying.
- Repelling.
- Mitigating.

3. Ministry of the Environment
Pesticide Classification Guideline for Ontario:
Toxicity, persistence, concentration, container size.
- By target organism.
- Chemical structure.
- Physical state.
- The source.

4. Health effects
• Human health. affect the nervous
system.
• It may irritate the skin or eyes.
• Some pesticides may be carcinogens.
• Others may affect the hormone or
endocrine system in the body.
• Birth defects.
• Fetal death.

5. Environmental effects
• Target beneficial insects.
• Toxicity - non-target plants and animals .
• Pollution water (surface and ground water) -
break down .
• long-term contamination of soil and air.
• Biodiversity.
• Nitrogen fixation.
• Destroys habitat .

7. Pesticide alternatives generally involve:
1- Biological control (Bio-Pesticides).
2- Cultural control.
3- Mechanical Control.
4- Natural Pest Control Products

8. Biological control is defined as the action of natural
enemies:
1 - Natural biological control.
2 - Applied biological control.

13. Microbial pesticides :
- The organisms themselves
- OR the metabolites they produce.

14. (entomopathogen, 400 species )

20. PFigure 1. Generalized
life-cycle of insect viruses.
Figure credit: Jim
McNeil, Department of
Entomology, enn State
University.

21. - Plant-incorporated
protectants. (PIPs).
- Biochemical
pesticides, attractants, trappin
g , monitoring of insects and
for mating disruption.
(Antifeedants)

22. - Selectivity
- Affordable.
- Effective.
- Eco Friendly. biodegradable
- Catalyst for Future Improvements.

23. - High specificity
- Slow speed of action
- Variable efficacy due to the influences of various
Biotic and abiotic factors
- Increase the resistance
- It is difficult and expensive to develop and supply.

24. - Pest-resistant plants.
- Polycultur.
- Planting crops in areas where the pests that damage
them do not live.
- Timing planting.
- Crop rotation.
- Trap crop.
- Release of other organisms.
- Manage soil fertility, watering, and.
- drainage

25. UV Bug Zapper
- Remove insects on plants by hand-crushing
- Soil steaming.
- Cloth crop covers
- Avoid watering garden in the evening
- Fly paper and sticky boards
- Electronic bug killers

26. Natural substances.
- Garlic, onions .
- Hot peppers.
- Use a 50/50 mixture of milk and water and
thoroughly spray plants every 3 to 4 days at first
sign of mildew, or use weekly as a preventative
measure.
- Crush leaves from a tomato- white fly.

27. Organic food.

28. Things You'll Need:
- A Measuring cup
- 1 Tablespoon of Baking Soda
- 1 Cup of water
- 1 Cup of White vinegar
- 20 drops or grapefruit seed extract
- 1 Spray Bottle
1 ) Mix ingredients together in a bowl or cup.
2 ) Pour mixed ingredients in spray bottle.
3 ) Spray on clean vegetables and fruits

29. http://www.mastergardenproducts.com/gardenerscorner/alternativepestiside.htm
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/text19/physmech.html
http://www.compulink.co.uk/~argus/Dreambio/fertilisers%20and%20crops/biological%20control%20of%2
0pests.htm
http://www.livestrong.com/article/150975-what-are-the-advantages-of-biological-pest-control/
http://www.gardenguides.com/126000-rid-pesticides-fruits-vegetables-using-expensive-means.html
http://www.basic-info-4-organic-fertilizers.com/biopesticides.html
http://thailand.ipm-info.org/pesticides/pesticides_classification.htm
http://www.mixph.com/2007/06/natural-biological-pesticides.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopesticide
http://www.saanich.ca/living/natural/pesticide.html
http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/bio-pesticide
http://www.echeat.com/essay.php?t=30514
http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/whatarebiopesticides.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopesticide
http://www.herbicides-pesticides.com/
http://www.livestrong.com/article/151607-natural-alternatives-to-pesticides/
http://www.mastergardenproducts.com/gardenerscorner/alternativepestiside.htm
http://www.planetnatural.com/site/xdpy/sgc/Natural%20Pest%20Control/Natural%20Pesticides
http://eartheasy.com/live_natpest_control.htm
http://planetgreen.discovery.com/food-health/natural-pesticide-garlic.html
http://www.livingwithbugs.com/natural_pesticides.html
http://www.saudi-organic.org.sa/doa.php?lang=en&pid=5