1. INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUALCULTURE
TOPIC I: Components of Aquaculture:
Capture, Culture, Intensive, Extensive, Semi-
Intensive, Pen Culture, Cage Culture.

2. CAPTURE FISHERIES
Inland and Marine fishries

3. Distribution Of Water On Earth

4. Fisheries in India
Fisheries is divided into three main types:
• Freshwater Fisheries (Inland Fisheries)
• Brakishwater Fisheries
• Marine Fisheries
Inland Fisheries are of two types:
i) Capture Fisheries
ii) Culture Fisheries

5. i) Capture Fisheries: it is mainly concerned
with catching fishes from rivers(Riverine
Fisheries), Reservoir Fisheries, Lakes
(Lacustrine Fisheries), estuaries
(Estuarine Fisheries),
ii) Culture Fisheries: it is provided by small
water bodies (tanks, jheels, ponds etc.)
where important culturable fishes are
rared and bred on scientific lines by
constructing Fish Farm.

6. Riverine Fisheries In India
 Rivers in India constitute the backbone of
capture Fisheries.
 There are 114 major and minor rivers along
with their tributaries.
 Combined length: 45,000 km
 Catchment area: 720,000 sqkm

7. Principal Riverine fishery resources
of India
1) The Ganges River System
2) The Brahmaputra River System
3) The Indus River System
4) The East Coast River System
5) The West Coast River System

8. Riverine Fisheries In India

9. The Ganga River System
 It is the largest river system in India. It is the
perennial river originating from the Gangotri
near Himalayas, enters the plains at Haridwar
passes through the states of UP, Bihar & West
Bengal & ultimately joins the Bay of Bengal.
 The principal tributories are rivers Ramganga,
Gomati, Ghagra, Gandak, Kosi, Yamuna &
Sons.
 Length : 8047 km
 Catchment area: 9.71 lakh sq. Km

10. • Phytoplankton: Amphora, Navicula,
Cymbella,Chlorella, Closterium, Denticula,
Spirogyra, Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscilatoria
etc.
• Zooplankton: Rotaria, Keratella,
Monostyla, Polyarthra etc.
• Fisheries : major carps, minor carps,
catfishes, cluipeids, murrels, featherbacks,
freshwater eel and prawns.

11. Cirrhinus mrigala
Catla catla
Labeo rohita
Cirrhinus reba
Labeo bata
Wallago attu
Mystus seenghala
Notopterus spp
Channa spp

12. The Brahmaputra River System
 This river system originates from glacier mass
near Mansarowar Lake, crosses through Tibet,
Arunachal, Assam & Bangladesh joins the
Ganga at Goalundo & ultimately joins the Bay
of Bengal through Meghna estuary.
 Tributaries: Jiodhal, Ranganadi, Phulamari,
Champamali (north side); Dihang, Disang,
Jhanji, Digru, Krishna etc. (south side)
 Length : 2900 km
 Catchment area: 2 lakh sq. Km

13. • Phytoplankton: Spirogyra, Ulothrix,
Gomphonema, Navicula, Oscillatoria,
Zygnema, etc.
• Zooplankton: Brachionus, Cyclops,
Bosmina, Daphnia, Nauplius etc.
• Fisheries : Wallago attu, Labeo rohita,
Minor carps, Hilsa, Tor tor, Labeo gonius,
Mystus menoda, M. bleekeri, Rita rita,
Channa spp., Heteropneustus, fossilis,
Noyopterus spp., Catla catla, Cirrhinus
mrigala, C. reba etc.

14. Major Fishes Of Brahmaputra
River System
Labeo gonius Notopterus notopterus
Puntius sarana Wallago attu

15. The Indus River System
 The Indus rises about 100 km North of
Mansarowar & flows NorthWest through Tibet
before entering Kashmir. After flowing about 800
km it turns south through Ladakh range. It enters
Pakistan through Kashmir.
 It has five tributories in its left bank, namely:
Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas & Sutlej and
ultimately joins the Arabian Sea.
 The fishes found here are of mixed varieties.
such as major carps (Catla, Rohu, and Catfishes)

16. The East Coast River System
 It constitutes of four major rivers :
Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri.
 The East Coast rivers ultimately joins the Bay of
Bengal.
 Main fishes of Godavari river are: 1465 km (length),
315,980 sq. Km (catchment area)
Catla catla Channa striatus

17.  Main fishes of Krishna river are :1401km
(length), 233,229 sq. Km (catchment area)
 Main fishes of Cauveri river are : 800 km
(length), 4,70000 sq. Km (catchment area)
Tor putitora Barbus dubias
Mystus seenghala Hilsa ilisha

18. The Peninsular River System
 The Western Coast river system is also known
as Peninsular river system. It has two imp.
Rivers, namely: Narmada & Tapi.
 The Narmada originates in the Amarkantak
Hills, M.P & terminates in the Gulf of Cambay
after crossing Gujarat state.The catchment area
is about 94,235 sq.km.
 The Tapi river has its origin in Mount Vindhya
crosses through M.P, Maharashtra & Gujarat &
ultimately joins the Arabian Sea. The
catchment area is about 48,000 sq.km.

19. Major Fishes Of Peninsular
River System
 Main fishes of Narmada river are:
Notopterus notopterus Labeo calbasu
 Main fishes of Tapi river are:
Mystus seenghala Tor tor

20. RIVER
SYSTEM
LENGTH
(KM)
CATCHMENT
AREA
(SQ KM)
FISHES
GANGA 8047 96.6 m ha 265 Sp; Schizothorax sp,
mahaseers, cat
fishes(siluridae), Labeo sp,
Feather backs etc Gangetic
Major carps inlower stretches
BRAHMAPUTR
A
4027 5,80,000 126 sp; Tor sp, chocolate
mahseer, Bagarius sp:,
catfishes, major carps, Hilsa
etc.
Middle – catfishes dominates
INDUS --- ---- JHELUM - commercial fishery
Brown trout, common carps,
loaches, Labeo dero etc

21. EAST COAST
1. MAHANADI
2. GODAVARI
3. KRISHNA
4. CAUVERY
6437
857
1465
1280
850
1,41,600
233229
SIMILAR TO GANGA. Hilsa
at lower reaches
Carps, Large Cat fishes,
FWprawn
Dam construction affect
fisheries.
Tor sp: and cat fishes
WESTCOAST
1. NARMADA
2. TAPTI
3380
1312
720
94235
48000
Mahseer, Labeo sp, Wallago
attu, Channa sp etc
Mahseer, Labeo kalbasu,
Mystus sp, Wallago attu.

22. Crafts and gears
• Shallow waters
Nets: trap and cast nets
• Deep waters
Seines, drag nets, gill nets, drift net, dip net,
bag nets, fixed trap nets, hooks and lines.

24. RESERVOIR FISHERIES
• Reservoir is a natural or artificial place where water is
collected and stored for use, especially for supplying a
community, irrigating land, furnishing power etc.
• Cover more than 1% of the country’s land surface. Total
area : 31.5 lakh ha
• Yield : 20 kg/ha/yr
• Majorly used for Power generation, irrigation, flood
control, recreation.
• Fishery is considered as bye product.
• Major reservoir of India:
Beas dam, Pong dam, Pandoh dam, Gandhi sagar,
Hirakund, Rana partap sagar.

27. TYPES AREA (ha) NUMBER
LARGE > 5000 56
MEDIUM 1000 – 5000 180
SMALL <1000 19134
 Hirakud Reservoir is the largest reservoir in the country
with an area of 74592 ha .
 Peninsular states account for more than 56 % of the
total area . 94% of the small and 34% of the reservoirs
are here.
 T N has the maximum number of reservoirs (8906)
Karnataka(4679) and A P (2937)
 Present fish production from reservoirs is estimated at
0.94 lakh t
 Small reservoirs contribute the catches(74%)followed
by the large (19%)medium(7%)
 Average fish production of large and medium reservoirs is
13kg/ha(11- 15kg/ha) and that of small reservoirs is
50kg/ha

28. • Lentic water bodies and temperate
reservoirs develop thermal stratification due
to which reservoir has different fishery than
river and natural lakes.

29. Fishes
• Local fishes as well as exotic fishes.
• Catla catla, Labeo rohita, L. calbasu, and
Cirrhina mrigala,
• Cyprinus carpio spp.
• Reservoirs support natural hybridisation
which leads to production of intergeneric
hybrids.
• Gears used in reservoir fisheries:
Gill nets

30. LACUSTRINE FISHERIES
• A lake is defined as all large bodies of
standing water.
Zonation in lake

31. Fishes in lakes
Cold water species: trouts
Indigenous species: major carps, minor
carps, cat fishes, clupids, murrels etc
Game fishes: brown trout and rainbow
trout, mahseer.

33. THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN LAKES

34. ESTUARINE FISHERIES
• Estuaries are the water passages where
the river currents mix with the tides.
• Shallow, well oxygenated , temperature
varies with depth and season.
• More productive than river and sea.
• Serve as nursery grounds for juveniles
because conditions are conductive to rapid
growth.

35. Open estuarine fishery
RESIDENT FISH
•Ex: Mogul parsia,
Lates calcarifer,
Hilsa sinensis
ANADROMOUS
MIGRATORY
FISH
•Migrate from sea
to fresh water
rivers to spawn.
•Ex: Hilsa ilisha,
Polynemus
paradiseus
CATADROMOUS
MIGRATORY
FISH
•Migrate from
fresh water to sea
to spawn.
•Ex: Pangasius
pangasius

36. ANADROMOUS MIGRATORY FISHES
Hilsa ilisha
Polynemus paradisus

37. CATADROMOUS MIGRATORY FISH
Pangasius pangasius

38. Healthy estuaries can provide many different values
and perform many important functions.
 Flood control
 Nursery areas
 Migratory stopovers
 Recreation
 Production of biomass
 Safe harbor
 Feeding grounds

39. MARINE FISHERIES
Marine Fisheries:-The marine fisheries deal
with the fishing activities in the oceans and
seas.
Indian coast 4667 km. (Main Land)
Continental shelf 259 lakh sq. km.
West coast is more productive than east
coast.

40. West Coast and East Coast
Fishes
• Pomfrets
• Polynemids
• Clupeids
• Bombay duck
• Sardines
• Makerels
• Anchovies
• Soles, sharks and
rays
• Clupeids
• Silver bellies
• Seers
• Flying fishes
• Perches
• Sharks
• Rays

41. BOOKS

42. Books