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Investigating
Heat and Temperature
Lab Stations:Lab Stations:
 Lab 3: “Energy on the Move”
Pages 23 - 42
 Lab 4: “It’s Just a Phase”
Pages 43 - 55
Energy on the Move:Energy on the Move:
Investigating Energy TransferInvestigating Energy Transfer
Objectives:Objectives:
 The student will:
 Compare and Contrast the
transfer of energy by
conduction, convection and
radiation while providing and
explaining common examples of
each
Objectives:Objectives:
 Investigate and understand
practical and technological
applications of thermal energy
 Explain how a coiled thermostat
works
Key Terms:Key Terms:
 Thermal Conductor
 Thermal Insulator
Thermal Conductor
 Any substance that
conducts, absorbs
energy and
increases
temperature
quickly allowing
thermal energy to
collect and pass
through it
Thermal Insulator
 Any substance
that does not allow
the transfer of
thermal energy or
impedes thermal
energy transfer
Essential Learnings
 Materials that allow energy to
move through them are called
thermal conductors
 Metals generally conduct thermal
energy well but at different rates
 Depending on the metal’s density
Essential Learnings
 Convection is the transfer of
thermal energy within fluids and
gases (air is considered a fluid for
this purpose) by the movement of
molecules from place to place.
 Molecules carry the energy with
them
Essential Learnings
 The circular motion of fluids
(related to temperature) due to
density differences is known as
convection currents
Essential Learnings
 Radiation is the transmission of
energy in the form of
electromagnetic waves
 Radiation travels in transverse
waves
 This type of energy does not
require matter to transfer
Notes yb lab 3 and lab 4 heat energy on the move and its just a phase
P4P4
It’s Just a Phase:It’s Just a Phase:
Investigating Phase ChangesInvestigating Phase Changes
Objectives
 The student will illustrate
and explain the results of
the addition and
subtraction of thermal
energy on the motion of
molecules
Objectives
 The student will:
 Create and examine a
temperature graph of phase
changes

Label each phase change

Determine Freezing, melting,
condensation and boiling
points from a graph
Key Terms:Key Terms:
 Phase Change
 Freezing Point
 Melting Point
 Boiling Point
 Vaporization
 Condensation
Phase Change
 When matter
transforms from a
solid to a liquid or
to a gas
 Ice  Water 
Water Vapor
Freezing Point
 The temperature
or point when a
liquid becomes a
solid
 Water  Ice
Melting Point
 The temperature
or point when a
solid substance
turns into a
liquid
 Ice  water
Freezing & Melting
 Melting and
Freezing
points are
actually the
same
temperature!
Boiling Point
 The maximum
temperature at
which a liquid can
remain in liquid
form before
turning to vapor
or gas
Vaporization
 When a liquid
becomes a gas
 Water  Steam
(water vapor)
Condensation Point
 The temperature
or point when
vapor becomes a
liquid
 Vapor  Cloud
 rain
Boiling & Condensation
 Boiling and
Condensation
points are
actually the
same
temperature!
Essential Learnings:
 Vaporization is the change of
state from liquid to gas
 Condensation is the change of
state from gas to liquid
 Both processes take place at the
boiling point of a substance
Essential Learnings:
 The melting/freezing point and
boiling/condensing point for a pure
substance are characteristic
properties
 Pure water melts/freezes at 0o
C, and it
boils/vaporizes at 100o
C at 1 atmosphere
air pressure (sea level)

Higher above sea level
Essential Learnings:
 As thermal energy is added to a
system the temperature does not
always increase

Temperature will not increase during
a phase change
 This is because the energy is needed to
break down the physical forces that bond
the molecules to one another
Essential Learnings:
 Phase changes are indicated by a
horizontal or flat line with no slope,
called a plateau
 Water has two plateaus during
heating

One at freezing(melting point)

One at vaporization (boiling point)
Essential Learnings:
 All solids are “Frozen”
 Freezing is not necessarily “cold’
 The freezing point is the temperature at
which a liquid becomes a solid
 For a pure substance freezing point is a
characteristic property and is
independent of the amount of the
substance
Essential Learnings:
 A substances’ cooling graph shows a
plateau at condensation point and the
freezing point
 The temperature will remain constant
during the entire phase change
 After the phase change cooling
continues until thermal equilibrium is
reached

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Notes yb lab 3 and lab 4 heat energy on the move and its just a phase

  • 2. Lab Stations:Lab Stations:  Lab 3: “Energy on the Move” Pages 23 - 42  Lab 4: “It’s Just a Phase” Pages 43 - 55
  • 3. Energy on the Move:Energy on the Move: Investigating Energy TransferInvestigating Energy Transfer
  • 4. Objectives:Objectives:  The student will:  Compare and Contrast the transfer of energy by conduction, convection and radiation while providing and explaining common examples of each
  • 5. Objectives:Objectives:  Investigate and understand practical and technological applications of thermal energy  Explain how a coiled thermostat works
  • 6. Key Terms:Key Terms:  Thermal Conductor  Thermal Insulator
  • 7. Thermal Conductor  Any substance that conducts, absorbs energy and increases temperature quickly allowing thermal energy to collect and pass through it
  • 8. Thermal Insulator  Any substance that does not allow the transfer of thermal energy or impedes thermal energy transfer
  • 9. Essential Learnings  Materials that allow energy to move through them are called thermal conductors  Metals generally conduct thermal energy well but at different rates  Depending on the metal’s density
  • 10. Essential Learnings  Convection is the transfer of thermal energy within fluids and gases (air is considered a fluid for this purpose) by the movement of molecules from place to place.  Molecules carry the energy with them
  • 11. Essential Learnings  The circular motion of fluids (related to temperature) due to density differences is known as convection currents
  • 12. Essential Learnings  Radiation is the transmission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves  Radiation travels in transverse waves  This type of energy does not require matter to transfer
  • 14. P4P4 It’s Just a Phase:It’s Just a Phase: Investigating Phase ChangesInvestigating Phase Changes
  • 15. Objectives  The student will illustrate and explain the results of the addition and subtraction of thermal energy on the motion of molecules
  • 16. Objectives  The student will:  Create and examine a temperature graph of phase changes  Label each phase change  Determine Freezing, melting, condensation and boiling points from a graph
  • 17. Key Terms:Key Terms:  Phase Change  Freezing Point  Melting Point  Boiling Point  Vaporization  Condensation
  • 18. Phase Change  When matter transforms from a solid to a liquid or to a gas  Ice  Water  Water Vapor
  • 19. Freezing Point  The temperature or point when a liquid becomes a solid  Water  Ice
  • 20. Melting Point  The temperature or point when a solid substance turns into a liquid  Ice  water
  • 21. Freezing & Melting  Melting and Freezing points are actually the same temperature!
  • 22. Boiling Point  The maximum temperature at which a liquid can remain in liquid form before turning to vapor or gas
  • 23. Vaporization  When a liquid becomes a gas  Water  Steam (water vapor)
  • 24. Condensation Point  The temperature or point when vapor becomes a liquid  Vapor  Cloud  rain
  • 25. Boiling & Condensation  Boiling and Condensation points are actually the same temperature!
  • 26. Essential Learnings:  Vaporization is the change of state from liquid to gas  Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid  Both processes take place at the boiling point of a substance
  • 27. Essential Learnings:  The melting/freezing point and boiling/condensing point for a pure substance are characteristic properties  Pure water melts/freezes at 0o C, and it boils/vaporizes at 100o C at 1 atmosphere air pressure (sea level)  Higher above sea level
  • 28. Essential Learnings:  As thermal energy is added to a system the temperature does not always increase  Temperature will not increase during a phase change  This is because the energy is needed to break down the physical forces that bond the molecules to one another
  • 29. Essential Learnings:  Phase changes are indicated by a horizontal or flat line with no slope, called a plateau  Water has two plateaus during heating  One at freezing(melting point)  One at vaporization (boiling point)
  • 30. Essential Learnings:  All solids are “Frozen”  Freezing is not necessarily “cold’  The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid  For a pure substance freezing point is a characteristic property and is independent of the amount of the substance
  • 31. Essential Learnings:  A substances’ cooling graph shows a plateau at condensation point and the freezing point  The temperature will remain constant during the entire phase change  After the phase change cooling continues until thermal equilibrium is reached