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Biodiversity Jewett
- 1. Biodiversity The wide , weird , world of life on Earth! Mr. Jewett ACS Biology 10 March 2010
Editor's Notes
- Structure remarkably similar in very very diverse creatures. The cilia in your trachea are nearly identical to the cilia on the outside of single-celled paramecia.
- Highlights history of life on earth – mostly single-celled organisms (multicellular life about 1.5 billion years old, eukaryotes 2.1 billion years old, oldest life about 3.5 billion years old)
- Basically all of the life you know and care about – domain Eukarya. Wolves, Oak trees, yeast, squid, monkeys, people.
- Show relationships between closely related species of finches on the Galapagos You will be doing similar work with less closely related stuff (squid and monkeys, for instance)
- Binomial nomenclature started by Carolus Linneaus (Swedish) 18 th century…replaces tons of common names Common names in different languages, even different regions in the same language – made research difficult Why classify? You can’t know everything about every species…but you can learn about the groups. Also, it shows the evolutionary relationships, allowing predictions. Clade – an ancestral species and all of its descendants (nested) Taxon – taxonomic unit at any level of the hierarchy (phyla, genus, etc.) * Shared derived characteristic – unique to that clade (milk production in mammals, backbone in vertebrates)
- Collagen only found in animals Ability to MOVE (either parts of body or whole body) and conduct NERVE impulses are key differences from plants/fungi
- In “short” period of time (~50 MY)
- Large nonmotile egg fertilzed by small, flagellated sperm
- Cells need to act in coordination (If I’m moving left, and you’re moving right…d’oh!) Hormones are slow-acting, but long-lasting
- Homeostasis usually maintains a range of values…tries to be stable despite changing outside environment
- Hibernation – long-term torpor for winter cold and/or food scarcity Torpor – Ectotherm – most mammals and birds Endotherm – most amphibians, lizards, snakes, turtles, fishes, invertebrates 10 degree C drop decreases rate of many enzyme mediated reactions 2-3x