World Geography -- Europe

1.  
Mediterranean, Western, Northern,
Eastern

2.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8brpoU_HNI

3. Peninsulas & Islands Mountains &
Uplands
Rivers Fertile
Plains/Resources
Northern Peninsulas Alps Danube Northern European Plain
Southern Peninsulas Pyrenees Rhine Coal & Iron Ore
Islands Uplands Oil & others

4. Peninsulas & Islands Mountains &
Uplands
Rivers Fertile
Plains/Resources
Northern Peninsulas
Scandinavia
-Norway, Sweden
- thin, rocky soil
Jutland
- Denmark, Germany
Alps
- Most famous
- Germany, Italy,
Switzerland, France,
Austria
Danube
- Cuts through Europe (9
countries)
- Links Europe to Black
Sea
- Watery highway
Northern European Plain
- France, Belgium,
Holland (interior)
- Good farmland
- Flat
Southern Peninsulas
Iberian
- Spain, Portugal
Italian
- Italy
Balkan
- mountainous
- cultural differences
Pyrenees
- separate Spain from
France
Rhine
- Cuts through interior;
north of Northern Sea
- Watery highway
Coal & Iron Ore
- Lots of it
- Used for steel
production
- Economic development
Islands
- located in North
Atlantic
Uplands
- High hills or low
mountains
- Scotland, Spain, France
Oil & others
- Found beneath North
Sea
- Offshore drilling

7.  “God created the world, but the Dutch created Holland.”
 Polders
 Water is drained to create new farmland
 40% of Netherlands once under the sea
 Used windmills to pump water out

9.  The Canals of Venice
 Venice a series of islands connected by canals
 Flooding, pollution threaten canals

10.  Deforestation
 Industrialization of 18th and 19th centuries
 Acid rain damaging trees in Germany

11.  Portugal
 Spain
 Italy
 Greece

12. Ancient Greece
 Why do city-states arise?
 Early form of democracy in
Athens
 Science, philosophy, drama
still influential today
 By 338 BC, conquered by
Alexander the Great

14. Ancient Rome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrIEwjgfbYs
 Italian peninsula
 Republic to Empire
 Conquers Iberian and Balkan peninsulas
 Christianity becomes official religion in 300s AD
 Splits in 395 AD

15. Crusades
 Series of holy wars to recapture Holy land from Muslims
Renaissance
 “rebirth”
 Renewed interest in learning and the arts
 Was it a thing?
Spain’s Muslim Empire
 700s AD; rule for more than 700 years
 Catholics Ferdinand and Isabella retook throne in 1492

18.  Less industrial than
Northern Europe
 Fishing, agriculture
 Growth of industry in
late 20th century
 Severe economic
problems in Greece
 Little energy resources
in region
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tigaryz-1y4
(Greece John Green)

19. Political Turmoil
 Rise of fascism in Spain and Italy in 1930s. Why?
 Spain’s conflict with Basque people
 Urbanization. Problems?

20.  France
 Germany
 Switzerland
 Liechtenstein
 Austria
 Netherlands
 Belgium

21. Charlemagne
 Germanic king; conquered most of region in 700s AD
 Empire split into small kingdoms
 Germanic languages dominate in this region

22. Reformation (1500s) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE (thought bubble)
 Christians break from Catholic Church
 Luther in Germany; Calvin in France
 Hostility between Protestants and Catholics

24. Feudalism to Nationalism
 Middle Ages: strong kings gain power over feudal lords
 Nationalism: people should be loyal to those with whom
they share land, culture, and history
 By late 1600s-1700s, absolute monarchs give way to
representative government
 German unification in 1870s

25. World War I
 Central Powers v. Allies
 Harsh terms on Germany
World War II
 Axis Powers v. Allies
 1945: Start of Cold War
 A divided Germany
 1989: Wall comes down & Cold War winds down
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snsdDb7KDkg wall comes down

26. Strong Economy
 Rich in agricultural
and energy
resources
 Heavy
industrialization
 Tourism & luxury
goods

29.  United Kingdom
 Ireland
 Nordic Countries
o Denmark
o Finland
o Iceland
o Norway
o Sweden

30.  795: Vikings conquer Northern Europe
 1066: William the Conqueror (Normandy) captures
England
 1801: United Kingdom controls large empire
 Colonies in America, Africa, Asia, Oceania
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10 UK

33. Representative
Government
 English monarchy loses
power to parliament
 1215: Magna Carta
 Iceland’s parliament
meeting since 930
Industrial Revolution
 Iron ore and coal help
Britain industrialize first

34. Modern Conflicts
 UK heavily involved in both World Wars.
 Post-WW II: most of empire gains independence
 Fighting between Britain and Ireland in into 21st
century
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nesd7KtZEMk (Bloody Sunday)

35.  Benefits from natural
resources
 Timber, fishing, North Sea
oil, manufacturing
 Nordic countries have strong
social welfare programs paid
for by high taxes.

36.  Albania
 Bosnia &
Herzegovina
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Czech
Republic
 Hungary
 Kosovo
 Macedonia
 Montenegro
 Poland
 Romania
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Serbia

38.  Crossroads
between rest of
Europe & Asia
 Diversity
History of
Conquest
 Byzantine
Empire
 1300-1500s:
Ottoman
Empire
 1700s: Austria,
Hungary,

39.  Balkanization: larger region
breaking into small, mutually
hostile units
 Serbian nationalist assassinate
Archduke of Austrian Empire to
start WW I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgPYgXnu-Aw
 Under German and Soviet control
before and during WW II
 Cold War: Soviet satellite
nations
 Independence after Soviet Union
collapses

40.  More rural than rest of Europe
 Conflict between ethnic groups (i.e. Serbs v. Croats)
 Discrimination against Jews, Muslims, and Romany
 Economy still recovering from effects of communism
 Violence, instability, and failing infrastructure plague
region

41.  1929: Yugoslavia formed, made up of Serbs, Croats, and
Slovenes
 1946-1980: Josip Tito dictator of Yugoslavia
 Post-Tito: Milosevic wants a “Greater Serbia”
 1992: Bosnian War
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_cTGvxYGI

44.  Heavy industrialization has caused environmental
damage
European Environmental Agency
 Provides EU with reliable environmental data
 Why must European countries cooperate to solve
environmental problems?

45.  Economic alliance
 A common currency
 Problems with expansion?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O37yJBFRrfg