SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 32
Descargar para leer sin conexión
FUEL CELL VEHICLES AND
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PRESENTED BY : MUHAMMAD ASSAD
ROLL NO : 13 EL 41
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY BAHAWALPUR
FUEL CELL VEHICLE
 A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel cell electric
vehicle (FCEV) is a type of vehicle which uses a
fuel cell to power its on-board electric motor. Fuel
cells in vehicles create electricity to power an
electric motor, generally using oxygen from the air
and compressed hydrogen.
HISTORY
 The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by
Humphry Davy in 1801.
 William Grove, a chemist invented the first working fuel
cell in 1942.
 In 1966, General Motors developed the first fuel cell road
vehicle, the Chevrolet Electrovan. It had a PEM fuel cell a
range of 120 miles and a top speed of 70 mph.
 Fuel cell stacks were still limited principally to space
applications in the 1980s, including the Space Shuttle by
NASA.
WHY WE NEED FUEL CELL
VEHICLE
 Cars and trucks using petroleum fuels are one of
the leading causes of air pollution.
 Air pollution is single handedly responsible for up
to 30,000 premature deaths each year.
 In 2013, transportation contributed more than half
of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and
almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into
our air.
 Ozone depletion which can impair vision and
breathing. From 1979 to the present, the hole has
deepened within which ozone concentration has
fallen by almost 40%.
 Global warming due to continuous increase in
temperature.
 Getting hard to fulfill the increasing fuel
requirements.
 Acid rain which is harmful for humans and plants
equally.
WHAT IS FUEL CELL?
 A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a
chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes,
one positive and one negative, called, respectively,
the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce
electricity take place at the electrodes.
 Different types of fuel cells include polymer
electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, direct
methanol fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten
carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, reformed
methanol fuel cell and regenerative fuel cells.
WORKING
 A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines
hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and
heat as its by-product. In its simplest form, a single fuel cell
consists of two electrodes - an anode and a cathode - with an
electrolyte between them.
HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
VEHICLE
MERITS
 Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) powered by pure hydrogen emit no
GHGs from their tailpipe, only heat and water.
 FCVs could reduce our dependence on foreign oil since
hydrogen can be derived from domestic sources, such as
natural gas and coal, as well as renewable resources such as
water, biogas, and agricultural waste. That would make our
economy less dependent on other countries
 Fuel cells have a higher efficiency than diesel or gas engines.
 Hydrogen is a renewable fuel source as it is very plentiful.
The trick is to break the water molecules down to release it.
MERITS(CONTINUED)
 Unlike all-electric vehicles (EVs), FCV’s hold a comparable
distance range and refueling time to gasoline vehicles.
 Unlike vehicles which have internal combustion engine,
FCV’s require less maintainance.
 Low noise pollution and thermal pollution.
 Unlike electric vehicles FCV’s does not require recharging.
CHALLENGES
 FCVs are currently more expensive than conventional
vehicles and hybrids, but costs have decreased significantly
and are approaching to more affordable rates till 2017.
 The current infrastructure for producing, delivering, and
dispensing hydrogen to consumers cannot yet support the
widespread adoption of FCVs.
 Warranty issues on major electric components. Dealership
and repair shop not familiar with new components.
 Great amount of policy support and investment is essential to
achieve market readiness.
CHALLEHGES (CONTINUED)
 Fuel cell technology must be embraced by consumers
before its benefits can be realized. They must become
familiar with a new kind of fuel. Public education can
accelerate this process.
 Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are the lack of sufficient
infrastructure for hydrogen refueling, and the cost of the
catalysts. Platinum is one of the most commonly used
catalysts for fuel cells, but it's very expensive.
WHY THEY ARE BEING
DEVELOPED
COMPARISON WITH BATTERIES
ELECTRIC VEHICLE
 Electric Cars use the energy stored in a battery (or series of
batteries) for vehicle propulsion. Electric motors provide a
clean and safe alternative to the internal combustion engine.
The electric vehicle is known to have faster acceleration but
shorter distance range than conventional engines.
 EVs include road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater
vessels, electric aircraft and electric motor bikes.
 Tesla Motors Roadster and the Nissan Leaf are the most
popular among them.
MARKETING OF ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
 As of June 2015, over 180,000 Leafs have been sold
worldwide since December 2010, allowing the Nissan Leaf to
remain as the world's all-time best-selling highway-capable
electric car.
 The top markets for Leaf sales are the United States with
80,000 units sold, followed by Japan with about 53,500 units,
and Europe with around 41,500.
 As of June 2015, the market leader in Europe is Norway with
13,667 new Leafs sold, followed by the UK with over 10,000
units sold up until June 2015.
MARKETING(CONTINUED)
 Other leading markets are
France with 4,847 units,
Germany with 2,781 units and
Canada with 2,453 units sold
since the Leaf introduction in
the country.
ADVANTAGES
 The electric motor is far more efficient (70%-85%
efficiency) than the heat engine (need some numbers).
 EV’s can use regenerative stopping (regain 30% of energy
used, theoretically).
 EV’s are more environmentally friendly and the oil
supplies for conventional vehicles are being depleted.
 Low maintainance cost.
DISADVANTAGES
 Electric fuelling stations are still in the development stages.
So recharging points are few.
 Electric cars require a huge charge in order to function
properly causing heavy electricity bills.
 Most of the electric cars available today are small and 2
seated only.
DISADVANTAGES(CONTINUED)
 Electric cars are limited by range and speed.
 Depending on the type and usage of battery, batteries of
almost all electric cars are required to be changed every 3-
10 years.
 Initial cost is high.
The Nickel Metal Hydride Battery
BENEFITS
 Hold twice as much energy as lead batteries.
 Have a longer life cycle.
 Require no maintenance.
 The materials in them are far less toxic than the materials in
regular car batteries.
DISADVANTAGES
 They can be heavy and bulky.
 High price- as much as $5000.
 With sudden boom of hybrid cars, there is a supply
shortage.
REMEMBERING….
 Average driver: 14,000 miles per year
 For Tesla(EV): 0.31 KWh per mile
 Approximately 4,340 KWh per year
 1 Billions cars in the world
 If 25% EV then 1,085,000,000 MWh per year
 MWh worldwide: 20,000,000,000 MWh
Where does the additional power come from?
SOLAR POWERED CAR
 Average solar panel is 300 watts
 panel size is 1 meter by 2 meters
 Tesla(EV) with 53 KWh battery went 23KWh per 22
km
73 Panels would be required to power the Tesla
So, we concluded that solar is not efficient enough
to be mobile and maintain charge.
COMPARISON
COMPARISON(CONTINUED)
FUTURE OF ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
 Future electric cars will most likely carry lithium-ion
phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries.
 The LiFePO4 batteries are rechargeable and powerful and
are being used in electric bikes and scooters. Electric cars
will most likely adopt this technology in the future.
 If the developers of future electric cars can create vehicles
with a range of 300 miles per charge, a charging time of
five to ten minutes, and safety in operating the vehicles,
the market is wide open for them.
 Researchers are working on improved battery
technologies to increase driving range and decrease
recharging time, weight, and cost. These factors will
ultimately determine the future of EVs.
“In 15 years Americans will be routinely driving hybrid
electric cars performing at 80 miles per gallon. Today's
internal-combustion-engine-only vehicle will become an
artifact of history.” - Dan Doughty
CONCLUSION
 As seen in this presentation, the FCV’s and EV’s have many
advantages and benefits over the internal combustion engine and
hybrid vehicle. These are cleaner and much more efficient;
however, these also have disadvantages.
 The future of the FCV’s and EV’s relies on their battery and fuel
cell quality. If researchers can produce or find the “super
battery” or “super fuel cell”, the future of these vehicles is
promising.
 As of today, each vehicle has its own characteristic that
makes it better than the other. Only time and
technological improvements will tell which vehicle will
excel in the future.
 But according to experts time is going in the favour of
modern fuel cell vehicles. Therefore we can expect that
there is maximum possibility of fuel cells in vehicles in
future.
Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in futureby rai asad sahi
Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in futureby rai asad sahi

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehicles
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesFundamentals of electric and hybrid vehicles
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesA Reddy
 
Hydrogen fuel cell cars
Hydrogen fuel cell carsHydrogen fuel cell cars
Hydrogen fuel cell carsSambitRath10
 
electric vehicle ppt
electric vehicle pptelectric vehicle ppt
electric vehicle pptSubhash kumar
 
Battery electric vehicle ppt
Battery electric vehicle pptBattery electric vehicle ppt
Battery electric vehicle pptnehachandel23
 
Electric cars is Our Feature
Electric cars is Our FeatureElectric cars is Our Feature
Electric cars is Our FeaturePratikSontakke9
 
An Introduction To Electric vehicles
An Introduction To Electric vehiclesAn Introduction To Electric vehicles
An Introduction To Electric vehiclesGLH Ltd
 
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Hydrogen fuel cell vehiclesHydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Hydrogen fuel cell vehiclesManoja m h
 
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Somraj Dasgupta
 
hybrid electric cars
hybrid electric carshybrid electric cars
hybrid electric carsebabe
 
Term paper Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Term paper Hydrogen Fuel CellTerm paper Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Term paper Hydrogen Fuel CellUtsav Mone
 
Electric vehicles
Electric vehiclesElectric vehicles
Electric vehiclesAjay Arora
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

FUEL CELL VEHICLE
FUEL CELL VEHICLEFUEL CELL VEHICLE
FUEL CELL VEHICLE
 
Electric vehicles
Electric vehiclesElectric vehicles
Electric vehicles
 
HYBRID VEHICLE
HYBRID VEHICLEHYBRID VEHICLE
HYBRID VEHICLE
 
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehicles
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesFundamentals of electric and hybrid vehicles
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehicles
 
Hydrogen fuel cell cars
Hydrogen fuel cell carsHydrogen fuel cell cars
Hydrogen fuel cell cars
 
electric vehicle ppt
electric vehicle pptelectric vehicle ppt
electric vehicle ppt
 
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Hybrid Electric VehicleHybrid Electric Vehicle
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
 
Battery electric vehicle ppt
Battery electric vehicle pptBattery electric vehicle ppt
Battery electric vehicle ppt
 
Electric cars is Our Feature
Electric cars is Our FeatureElectric cars is Our Feature
Electric cars is Our Feature
 
Electric vehicles
Electric vehicles Electric vehicles
Electric vehicles
 
An Introduction To Electric vehicles
An Introduction To Electric vehiclesAn Introduction To Electric vehicles
An Introduction To Electric vehicles
 
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Hydrogen fuel cell vehiclesHydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
 
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
 
hybrid electric cars
hybrid electric carshybrid electric cars
hybrid electric cars
 
Hybrid electrical vehicle
Hybrid electrical vehicleHybrid electrical vehicle
Hybrid electrical vehicle
 
Hybrid vehicles 124019
Hybrid vehicles  124019Hybrid vehicles  124019
Hybrid vehicles 124019
 
Electrical car ppt
Electrical car pptElectrical car ppt
Electrical car ppt
 
Term paper Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Term paper Hydrogen Fuel CellTerm paper Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Term paper Hydrogen Fuel Cell
 
Electric vehicles
Electric vehiclesElectric vehicles
Electric vehicles
 
Hydrogen fuel cells
Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells
Hydrogen fuel cells
 

Similar a Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in futureby rai asad sahi

Electric Vehicles, Drones, and Bots.pptx
Electric Vehicles, Drones, and Bots.pptxElectric Vehicles, Drones, and Bots.pptx
Electric Vehicles, Drones, and Bots.pptxMuzamilHafeez5
 
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pptx
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pptxEV and HEV_Unit 1.pptx
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pptxssuserfbf367
 
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pdf
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pdfEV and HEV_Unit 1.pdf
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pdfssuserfbf367
 
Eevc paper ep tender nomadic power
Eevc paper ep tender   nomadic powerEevc paper ep tender   nomadic power
Eevc paper ep tender nomadic powerJean-Baptiste Segard
 
anjali ppt electrical vehicle.pptx
anjali ppt electrical vehicle.pptxanjali ppt electrical vehicle.pptx
anjali ppt electrical vehicle.pptxanjaliraj19220
 
hybrid electric truck document
hybrid electric truck documenthybrid electric truck document
hybrid electric truck documentmahesh babu
 
A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future Prospects
A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future ProspectsA Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future Prospects
A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future ProspectsIRJET Journal
 
FUEL CELL VEHICLES
FUEL CELL VEHICLESFUEL CELL VEHICLES
FUEL CELL VEHICLESAshok kujur
 
report Hy wire concept car
report Hy wire concept carreport Hy wire concept car
report Hy wire concept carjaseemjm
 
prsentation1-150505174644-conversion-gate01
prsentation1-150505174644-conversion-gate01prsentation1-150505174644-conversion-gate01
prsentation1-150505174644-conversion-gate01prakash satapathy
 

Similar a Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in futureby rai asad sahi (20)

fuel cells
fuel cellsfuel cells
fuel cells
 
Electric Vehicles, Drones, and Bots.pptx
Electric Vehicles, Drones, and Bots.pptxElectric Vehicles, Drones, and Bots.pptx
Electric Vehicles, Drones, and Bots.pptx
 
UNIT_01.pptx
UNIT_01.pptxUNIT_01.pptx
UNIT_01.pptx
 
EEE.pptx
EEE.pptxEEE.pptx
EEE.pptx
 
Energy storage devices
Energy storage devicesEnergy storage devices
Energy storage devices
 
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pptx
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pptxEV and HEV_Unit 1.pptx
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pptx
 
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pdf
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pdfEV and HEV_Unit 1.pdf
EV and HEV_Unit 1.pdf
 
Electric vehicle
Electric vehicleElectric vehicle
Electric vehicle
 
Unit 1-HEV.pptx
Unit 1-HEV.pptxUnit 1-HEV.pptx
Unit 1-HEV.pptx
 
What is a Fuel Cell 2016
What is a Fuel Cell 2016What is a Fuel Cell 2016
What is a Fuel Cell 2016
 
Eevc paper ep tender nomadic power
Eevc paper ep tender   nomadic powerEevc paper ep tender   nomadic power
Eevc paper ep tender nomadic power
 
anjali ppt electrical vehicle.pptx
anjali ppt electrical vehicle.pptxanjali ppt electrical vehicle.pptx
anjali ppt electrical vehicle.pptx
 
hybrid electric truck document
hybrid electric truck documenthybrid electric truck document
hybrid electric truck document
 
Fuel cell ppt
Fuel cell pptFuel cell ppt
Fuel cell ppt
 
Electric mobility
Electric mobilityElectric mobility
Electric mobility
 
A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future Prospects
A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future ProspectsA Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future Prospects
A Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Automobiles Future Prospects
 
FUEL CELL VEHICLES
FUEL CELL VEHICLESFUEL CELL VEHICLES
FUEL CELL VEHICLES
 
report Hy wire concept car
report Hy wire concept carreport Hy wire concept car
report Hy wire concept car
 
aaab.pptx
aaab.pptxaaab.pptx
aaab.pptx
 
prsentation1-150505174644-conversion-gate01
prsentation1-150505174644-conversion-gate01prsentation1-150505174644-conversion-gate01
prsentation1-150505174644-conversion-gate01
 

Último

Dev.bg DevOps March 2024 Monitoring & Logging
Dev.bg DevOps March 2024 Monitoring & LoggingDev.bg DevOps March 2024 Monitoring & Logging
Dev.bg DevOps March 2024 Monitoring & LoggingMarian Marinov
 
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Bahzad5
 
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docxSUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docxNaveenVerma126
 
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 ProjectGender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Projectreemakb03
 
Engineering Mechanics Chapter 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics  Chapter 5  Equilibrium of a Rigid BodyEngineering Mechanics  Chapter 5  Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics Chapter 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid BodyAhmadHajasad2
 
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptxIT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptxSAJITHABANUS
 
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...Amil baba
 
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of  Electrochemical SensorBasic Principle of  Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of Electrochemical SensorTanvir Moin
 
The relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyThe relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyabdulkadirmukarram03
 
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxMohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxKISHAN KUMAR
 
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....santhyamuthu1
 
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsModelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsYusuf Yıldız
 
Quasi-Stochastic Approximation: Algorithm Design Principles with Applications...
Quasi-Stochastic Approximation: Algorithm Design Principles with Applications...Quasi-Stochastic Approximation: Algorithm Design Principles with Applications...
Quasi-Stochastic Approximation: Algorithm Design Principles with Applications...Sean Meyn
 
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...Gaurav Singh Rajput
 
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfHow to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfRedhwan Qasem Shaddad
 
OS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
OS Services, System call, Virtual MachineOS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
OS Services, System call, Virtual MachineDivya S
 

Último (20)

Dev.bg DevOps March 2024 Monitoring & Logging
Dev.bg DevOps March 2024 Monitoring & LoggingDev.bg DevOps March 2024 Monitoring & Logging
Dev.bg DevOps March 2024 Monitoring & Logging
 
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
Lecture 1: Basics of trigonometry (surveying)
 
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docxSUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.docx
 
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 ProjectGender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
Gender Bias in Engineer, Honors 203 Project
 
Engineering Mechanics Chapter 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics  Chapter 5  Equilibrium of a Rigid BodyEngineering Mechanics  Chapter 5  Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
Engineering Mechanics Chapter 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body
 
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptxIT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
 
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
Best-NO1 Best Rohani Amil In Lahore Kala Ilam In Lahore Kala Jadu Amil In Lah...
 
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of  Electrochemical SensorBasic Principle of  Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
 
The relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technologyThe relationship between iot and communication technology
The relationship between iot and communication technology
 
Lecture 2 .pptx
Lecture 2                            .pptxLecture 2                            .pptx
Lecture 2 .pptx
 
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptxMohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
Mohs Scale of Hardness, Hardness Scale.pptx
 
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
 
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsModelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
 
Quasi-Stochastic Approximation: Algorithm Design Principles with Applications...
Quasi-Stochastic Approximation: Algorithm Design Principles with Applications...Quasi-Stochastic Approximation: Algorithm Design Principles with Applications...
Quasi-Stochastic Approximation: Algorithm Design Principles with Applications...
 
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
Lifting Plan | Lifting Plan for Different Process Equipment | Gaurav Singh Ra...
 
Lecture 4 .pdf
Lecture 4                              .pdfLecture 4                              .pdf
Lecture 4 .pdf
 
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdfHow to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
How to Write a Good Scientific Paper.pdf
 
Litature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
Litature Review: Research Paper work for EngineeringLitature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
Litature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
 
OS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
OS Services, System call, Virtual MachineOS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
OS Services, System call, Virtual Machine
 
計劃趕得上變化
計劃趕得上變化計劃趕得上變化
計劃趕得上變化
 

Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in futureby rai asad sahi

  • 1. FUEL CELL VEHICLES AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES PRESENTED BY : MUHAMMAD ASSAD ROLL NO : 13 EL 41 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY BAHAWALPUR
  • 2. FUEL CELL VEHICLE  A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is a type of vehicle which uses a fuel cell to power its on-board electric motor. Fuel cells in vehicles create electricity to power an electric motor, generally using oxygen from the air and compressed hydrogen.
  • 3. HISTORY  The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Humphry Davy in 1801.  William Grove, a chemist invented the first working fuel cell in 1942.  In 1966, General Motors developed the first fuel cell road vehicle, the Chevrolet Electrovan. It had a PEM fuel cell a range of 120 miles and a top speed of 70 mph.  Fuel cell stacks were still limited principally to space applications in the 1980s, including the Space Shuttle by NASA.
  • 4. WHY WE NEED FUEL CELL VEHICLE  Cars and trucks using petroleum fuels are one of the leading causes of air pollution.  Air pollution is single handedly responsible for up to 30,000 premature deaths each year.  In 2013, transportation contributed more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air.
  • 5.  Ozone depletion which can impair vision and breathing. From 1979 to the present, the hole has deepened within which ozone concentration has fallen by almost 40%.  Global warming due to continuous increase in temperature.  Getting hard to fulfill the increasing fuel requirements.  Acid rain which is harmful for humans and plants equally.
  • 6. WHAT IS FUEL CELL?  A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes.  Different types of fuel cells include polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, reformed methanol fuel cell and regenerative fuel cells.
  • 7. WORKING  A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as its by-product. In its simplest form, a single fuel cell consists of two electrodes - an anode and a cathode - with an electrolyte between them.
  • 9. MERITS  Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) powered by pure hydrogen emit no GHGs from their tailpipe, only heat and water.  FCVs could reduce our dependence on foreign oil since hydrogen can be derived from domestic sources, such as natural gas and coal, as well as renewable resources such as water, biogas, and agricultural waste. That would make our economy less dependent on other countries  Fuel cells have a higher efficiency than diesel or gas engines.  Hydrogen is a renewable fuel source as it is very plentiful. The trick is to break the water molecules down to release it.
  • 10. MERITS(CONTINUED)  Unlike all-electric vehicles (EVs), FCV’s hold a comparable distance range and refueling time to gasoline vehicles.  Unlike vehicles which have internal combustion engine, FCV’s require less maintainance.  Low noise pollution and thermal pollution.  Unlike electric vehicles FCV’s does not require recharging.
  • 11. CHALLENGES  FCVs are currently more expensive than conventional vehicles and hybrids, but costs have decreased significantly and are approaching to more affordable rates till 2017.  The current infrastructure for producing, delivering, and dispensing hydrogen to consumers cannot yet support the widespread adoption of FCVs.  Warranty issues on major electric components. Dealership and repair shop not familiar with new components.  Great amount of policy support and investment is essential to achieve market readiness.
  • 12. CHALLEHGES (CONTINUED)  Fuel cell technology must be embraced by consumers before its benefits can be realized. They must become familiar with a new kind of fuel. Public education can accelerate this process.  Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are the lack of sufficient infrastructure for hydrogen refueling, and the cost of the catalysts. Platinum is one of the most commonly used catalysts for fuel cells, but it's very expensive.
  • 13. WHY THEY ARE BEING DEVELOPED
  • 15. ELECTRIC VEHICLE  Electric Cars use the energy stored in a battery (or series of batteries) for vehicle propulsion. Electric motors provide a clean and safe alternative to the internal combustion engine. The electric vehicle is known to have faster acceleration but shorter distance range than conventional engines.  EVs include road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric motor bikes.  Tesla Motors Roadster and the Nissan Leaf are the most popular among them.
  • 16. MARKETING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES  As of June 2015, over 180,000 Leafs have been sold worldwide since December 2010, allowing the Nissan Leaf to remain as the world's all-time best-selling highway-capable electric car.  The top markets for Leaf sales are the United States with 80,000 units sold, followed by Japan with about 53,500 units, and Europe with around 41,500.  As of June 2015, the market leader in Europe is Norway with 13,667 new Leafs sold, followed by the UK with over 10,000 units sold up until June 2015.
  • 17. MARKETING(CONTINUED)  Other leading markets are France with 4,847 units, Germany with 2,781 units and Canada with 2,453 units sold since the Leaf introduction in the country.
  • 18. ADVANTAGES  The electric motor is far more efficient (70%-85% efficiency) than the heat engine (need some numbers).  EV’s can use regenerative stopping (regain 30% of energy used, theoretically).  EV’s are more environmentally friendly and the oil supplies for conventional vehicles are being depleted.  Low maintainance cost.
  • 19. DISADVANTAGES  Electric fuelling stations are still in the development stages. So recharging points are few.  Electric cars require a huge charge in order to function properly causing heavy electricity bills.  Most of the electric cars available today are small and 2 seated only.
  • 20. DISADVANTAGES(CONTINUED)  Electric cars are limited by range and speed.  Depending on the type and usage of battery, batteries of almost all electric cars are required to be changed every 3- 10 years.  Initial cost is high.
  • 21. The Nickel Metal Hydride Battery BENEFITS  Hold twice as much energy as lead batteries.  Have a longer life cycle.  Require no maintenance.  The materials in them are far less toxic than the materials in regular car batteries.
  • 22. DISADVANTAGES  They can be heavy and bulky.  High price- as much as $5000.  With sudden boom of hybrid cars, there is a supply shortage.
  • 23. REMEMBERING….  Average driver: 14,000 miles per year  For Tesla(EV): 0.31 KWh per mile  Approximately 4,340 KWh per year  1 Billions cars in the world  If 25% EV then 1,085,000,000 MWh per year  MWh worldwide: 20,000,000,000 MWh Where does the additional power come from?
  • 24. SOLAR POWERED CAR  Average solar panel is 300 watts  panel size is 1 meter by 2 meters  Tesla(EV) with 53 KWh battery went 23KWh per 22 km 73 Panels would be required to power the Tesla So, we concluded that solar is not efficient enough to be mobile and maintain charge.
  • 27. FUTURE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES  Future electric cars will most likely carry lithium-ion phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries.  The LiFePO4 batteries are rechargeable and powerful and are being used in electric bikes and scooters. Electric cars will most likely adopt this technology in the future.  If the developers of future electric cars can create vehicles with a range of 300 miles per charge, a charging time of five to ten minutes, and safety in operating the vehicles, the market is wide open for them.
  • 28.  Researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease recharging time, weight, and cost. These factors will ultimately determine the future of EVs. “In 15 years Americans will be routinely driving hybrid electric cars performing at 80 miles per gallon. Today's internal-combustion-engine-only vehicle will become an artifact of history.” - Dan Doughty
  • 29. CONCLUSION  As seen in this presentation, the FCV’s and EV’s have many advantages and benefits over the internal combustion engine and hybrid vehicle. These are cleaner and much more efficient; however, these also have disadvantages.  The future of the FCV’s and EV’s relies on their battery and fuel cell quality. If researchers can produce or find the “super battery” or “super fuel cell”, the future of these vehicles is promising.
  • 30.  As of today, each vehicle has its own characteristic that makes it better than the other. Only time and technological improvements will tell which vehicle will excel in the future.  But according to experts time is going in the favour of modern fuel cell vehicles. Therefore we can expect that there is maximum possibility of fuel cells in vehicles in future.