1. MADATSST
&
MUKUND INGLE
PRESENTS

2. Mr. Mukund B.
Ingle

3.  A political party is a group of people who come
together to contest elections and hold power in the
government.
 They agree on some policies and programmes for
the society with a view to promote the collective
good. They try to persuade the people for their
policies and implement through winning through
elections.
 Political parties have three components – Leaders,
Active Members and Followers.

4.  Contest Election: Elections in democracy are fought
amongst the members selected by the political parties. From
the selection to campaign everything is done by the political
parties.
 Policies and Programmes: Parties put forward different
policies and programmes and the voters choose from them.
A party reduces a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic
positions which it supports. A government is expected to
base its policies on the line taken by the RULING PARTY.
 Form and Run Government : The big policy decisions are
taken by political executive that comes from the political
parties.

5.  Making Laws : Law are passed by legislature but they are
designed by the ruling party based on their policies and
programmes.
 Role of Opposition : Those parties that lose in the
elections play the role of opposition to the parties in
power, by voicing different views and criticising government
for its failures or wrong policies.
 Shape Public Opinion : Political parties raise various
issues with the help of their lakhs of members and with the
help of pressure groups who support them.
 Provide access to government machinery and schemes:
As parties are responsive to people, they are close to
people than govt. officers.

6.  Political parties are needed to perform various duties in
democracy and we can’t imagine democracy without them.
 Political parties provide that platform where they are binding the
people by common policies and all together they are responsive to
country rather than particular constituency.
 Democracy can’t be imagined without Political parties as they
provide choices to people in elections.
 Political parties are needed to bring various representatives
together so that a responsible government could be formed. They
needed a mechanism to support or restrain the government,
make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfill these
needs that every representative government has.

7.  One Party System:
 Only one Political Party is the most powerful, if there are other parties, they are
subordinate. One particular party can make and control entire government
system.
 China has ‘One Party System’, Communist Party holds the power and other
people are allowed to form party as this system doesn’t permit for the same.
 Advantages :
 The cheapest form of party system as less money is spent on election
expenses.
 Decisions are taken fast.
 No divisions in the society.
 Disadvantages:
 It allows one party dictatorship.
 No choices to voters.
 Minority is suppressed as they can’t express themselves politically

8.  Bi-Party System:
 Two parties are major and they only control the power may be remained in
power or opposition.
 USA and UK have Bi-Party system.
 Advantages :
 The less expensive political party system.
 Better than one party system as people have choice with them.
 Strong opposition is present in this party system.
 As there are two parties, society experiences less division based on political
ideology.
 Disadvantages:
 If there are more social minorities, they don’t get political platform.
 Very few choices. If ruling party does not work properly, opposition to be
elected and opposition does not work again the same party to be choosen.
 Not fully democratic.

9.  Multi-Party System:
 When there are more than two parties are present and fight for political power
that system is called ‘Multi-party System’.
 Most of the democratic countries in world have multi-party system.
 Advantages:
 More choices
 Satisfy all social divisions
 The most democratic system
 Disadvantages:
 The most expensive system
 As many parties are present, more confusion is generated
 Can leads to conflicts as many divisions in the society based political
ideology.
 It is the most suited system for the countries with high population and more
social divisions.

10. National Party Regional / State Party
1. Party has to secure 6% votes in Lok Sabha election. 1. Party has to secure 6% votes in State Assembly
election.
1. Party should get minimum 4 seats in Lok-sabha 1. Party should get minimum 2 seats in State
Assembly.
1. Party gets permanent symbol and can’t be repeated. 1. Party symbol can be changed and repeated in other
state
1. Party can be strong enough in minimum four states. 1. Party can be strong enough in one or two state only.
1. Party gets more privileges and allowed to collect
more party funds.
1. Party gets less privileges and allowed to collect less
party funds

11.  Indian National Congress
 Oldest party formed in 1885
 Ruled over at central and state for decades
 Lost support after 1977 but still one of the strongest
parties in central as well as many states.
 A centrist party (neither rightist nor leftist) in its ideological
orientation, the party espouses secularism and welfare of
weaker sections and minorities. Supports new economic
reforms but with a human face.
 Now working in alliance as UPA

12.  Bharatiya Janata Party
 Founded in 1980, wanted to build strong India with
the help of ancient Indian culture.
 Cultural nationalism (or ‘Hindutva’) is an important
element in its conception of Indian nationhood and
politics. Wants full territorial and political integration
of Jammu and Kashmir with India, a uniform civil
code for all people living in the country irrespective of
religion, and ban on religious conversions.
 Emerged as ruling party under the alliance named
NDA in 1998

13.  Bahujan Samaj Party
 Founded by kanshi Ram in 1984
 Seeks to represent and secure power for the bahujan samaj
which includes the dalits, adivasis, OBCs and religious
minorities. Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of
Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Periyar Ramaswami Naicker
and Babasaheb Ambedkar. Stands for the cause of securing
the interests and welfare of the dalits and oppressed people.
 Party has good hold in UP and substantial support in nearby
states.

14.  Communist Party of India – Marxist (CPI-M)
 Founded in 1964, believes in Marxism – Leninism.
 Supports socialism, secularism and democracy and
opposes imperialism and communalism. Accepts
democratic elections as a useful and helpful means for
securing the objective of socioeconomic justice in India.
 Has strong support in WB, Tripura and Kerala
 Critical of the new economic policies that allow free flow
of foreign capital and goods into the country.

15.  Communist Party of India (CPI)
 Founded in 1925, Believes in Marxism-Leninism,
secularism and democracy. Opposed to the forces of
secessionism and communalism.
 Accepts parliamentary democracy as a means of
promoting the interests of the working class, farmers and
the poor.
 Its support base had gradually declined over the years. It
secured about 1.4 per cent votes and 10 seats in the 2004
Lok Sabha elections.

16.  Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)
 Founded in 1999, led the split of Congress Party.
 Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity, social
justice and federalism. Wants that high offices in
government be confined to natural born citizens of the
country.
 A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance
with the Congress. Since 2004, a member of the United
Progressive Alliance.

17.  Lack of Internal Democracy
 All over the world there is a tendency in political parties towards
the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top.
 Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold
organisational meetings, and do not conduct internal elections
regularly.
 Ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information
on what happens inside the party. They do not have the means
or the connections needed to influence the decisions.
 Since one or few leaders exercise paramount power in the
party, those who disagree with the leadership find it difficult to
continue in the party.
 More than loyalty to party principles andpolicies, personal
loyalty to the leader becomes more important.

18.  Dynastic Succession:
 Since most political parties do not practice open and
transparent procedures for their functioning, there are
very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a
party.
 Leaders in the party take undue advantage of their
position and give to their family members too.
 In many parties, the top positions are always controlled
by members of one family. This is unfair to other
members of that party.
 This is also bad for democracy, since people who do not
have adequate experience or popular support come to
occupy positions of power.

19.  Money and Muscle Power :
 Since parties are focused only on winning elections, they
tend to use short-cuts to win elections.
 They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can
raise lots of money. Rich people and
 companies who give funds to the parties tend to have
influence on the policies and decisions of the party.
 In some cases, parties support criminals who can win
elections. Democrats all over the world are worried about
the increasing role of rich people and big companies in
democratic politics.

20.  Lack of Meaningful Choices :
 In order to offer meaningful choice, parties must be significantly
different. In recent years there has been a decline in the
ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world.
 For example, the difference between the Labour Party and the
Conservative Party in Britain is very little. They agree on more
fundamental aspects but differ only in details on how policies
are to be framed and implemented.
 Those who want really different policies have no option
available to them. Sometimes people cannot even elect very
different leaders either, because the same set of leaders keep
shifting from one party to another.

21.  Law of Defection
 The Constitution was amended toprevent elected
MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was
done because many elected representatives were
indulging in DEFECTION in order to become
ministers or for cash rewards.
 Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes
parties, he or she will losethe seat in the legislature.
This new law has helped bring defection down.

22.  Law of Affidavit
 The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the
influence of money and criminals. Now, it is
mandatory for every candidate who contests
elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his
property and criminal cases pending against him.
 The new system has made a lot of information
available to the public. But there is no system of
check.

23.  Law of Income Tax Return
 The Election Commission passed an order making it
necessary for political parties to hold their
organizational elections and file their income tax
returns.
 The parties have started doing so but sometimes it is
mere formality. It is not clear if this step has led to
greater internal democracy in political parties.

24.  Law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties.
 It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of
its members.
 Party should follow its own constitution.
 Party should hold open elections to the highest posts.
 It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum
number of tickets, about one-third, to women candidates.
 There should be state funding of elections. The government should give
parties money to support their election expenses.
 People can put pressure on political parties. This can be done through
petitions, publicity and agitations.
 The quality of democracy depends on the degree of public participation. It
is difficult to reform politics if ordinary citizens do not take part in it and
simply criticise it from the outside.

25. THANK YOU