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Verb Classification
 linguists Verb classification
My sister broke the
window .

My father cried.
Transitive

intransitive
Transitive verb :
Is the verb that is followed by a noun or
pronoun that tells
who or what Received the action of that
verb. That noun or pronoun is called the
Object.
Here are some more examples of transitive
verbs with their objects:
I sold some books.
I took the bus.
I understood her question.
I wrote a letter.
Intransitive verb:
Are verbs that do not have objects.
This means that the verb doesn't
need more than the subject to fulfill
the meaning.
Here are some more examples of
intransitive verbs:
I slept.
My cat ran.
The sun rose.
•
Hala is a nice girl
is = verb
nice = adjective
is = intransitive because it is
followed by an adjective and
not a noun
Ditransitive verb.
•

A ditransitive verb is a verb which takes a subject
and two objects. According to certain linguistics
considerations, these objects may be called direct
and indirect, or primary and secondary.
Another definition, A ditransitive verb is a type of verb that
requires both a direct object and an indirect object in the
sentence with it in order for the meaning of the sentence to
be complete. This type of verb is typically used when
something is being given or exchanged between two or
more parties, as the something is the direct object and the
receiver is the indirect object
EG: Ahmed gave the students an exam
An exam is the direct object, what he gave, and ’the students ' is the
indirect object, the person he gave it to.
Tree diagram
s

NP

N

Ahmed

VP

V

NP

{ditanstive}

gave

NP

DET

N

DET

N

the

Students

an

Exam
This sentence can be also written

Ahmed gave an exam to the students
(to ) is a preposition in this example it has
joined with NP the students to form PP.
The PP here is function as io
What are some Common Ditransitive Verbs?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Ask
Tell
Offer
Buy
Show
Send
give

Others include assign, bet, bring, cost, do,
feed, find, get, lend, owe, pass, pay, play
(e.g., She played him a song), promise,
serve (e.g., He served us dinner), teach,
throw, wish, write.
Ditransitive verbs can be made
passive:
The passive forms of ditransitive verbs
move one object into the subject
position and leave the other in the
original place. Usually, however, it is
the indirect rather than the direct
object that is moved.
The students were given an exam by
Ahmed.
Complex-transitive verb
Another class of verb is the complextransitive verb
Definition
A verb that requires both a direct object and another object or an object
complement.
Complex transitive verbs have a direct object and a complement (a word or
phrase that says something about the direct object.)
They have painted their house purple. (complement)
I will prove you wrong.

The complement relates to the object, not the subject.
The complement is therefore an OBJECT COMPLEMENT
and the shorthand version is oC.
Types:

A further type takes both a nominal and a
prepositional complement.
Ex: Percy placed the penguin on the podium
Other verbs take adjectival or adverbial
complements.
Ex: the judge looked mean.
the pianist performed passionately.
Observations:

Elena Kagan clerked for Thurgood
Marshall and has long considered him a
hero.
When the Congress
unanimously elected George Washington
president, he accepted reluctantly.
Intensive Verbs
We use intensive verbs to describe the subject.
Intensive verbs are also called copular verbs, are usually
followed by a noun or a noun phrase, an adjective or a
prepositional phrase.
Intensive means to focus on one thing; in this case, the
subject. The words or phrases following an intensive
verb work as the subject complement. This means they
apply to the subject, not the verb.
Examples:
“Rose is a student” – The focus of this sentence is Rose and what
she is.
“Tomas looks very young for his age” - The focus of this
sentence is Tomas and what he looks like.
Prepositional verb
Examples : against, , below, , beside, but (when it means
except), by, down, , out, since, through, , toward, under, until, , within …
etc .

Prepositional verbs are a group of multi-word
verbs made from a verb plus another word or
words. Many people refer to all multi-word
verbs as phrasal verbs. This is a distinction
between three types of multi-word verbs:
prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs and
phrasal-prepositional verbs.
Prepositional verbs are made of:
verb + preposition
Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs
have direct objects. Here are some examples of prepositional verbs:

prepositional verbs

meaning

examples
direct object

believe in

have faith in the existence of

I believe in

God.

look after

take care of

He is looking after

the dog.

talk about

discuss

Did you talk about

me?

wait for

await

John is waiting for

Mary.
Prepositional verbs cannot be separated. That
means that we cannot put the direct object between
the two parts. For example, we must say "look after
the baby". We cannot say "look the baby after":

prepositional verbs are

inseparable

Who is looking after the
baby?

This is possible.

Who is looking the baby
after?

This is not
possible
 linguists Verb classification

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linguists Verb classification

  • 3. My sister broke the window . My father cried.
  • 5. Transitive verb : Is the verb that is followed by a noun or pronoun that tells who or what Received the action of that verb. That noun or pronoun is called the Object. Here are some more examples of transitive verbs with their objects: I sold some books. I took the bus. I understood her question. I wrote a letter.
  • 6. Intransitive verb: Are verbs that do not have objects. This means that the verb doesn't need more than the subject to fulfill the meaning. Here are some more examples of intransitive verbs: I slept. My cat ran. The sun rose. •
  • 7. Hala is a nice girl is = verb nice = adjective is = intransitive because it is followed by an adjective and not a noun
  • 8. Ditransitive verb. • A ditransitive verb is a verb which takes a subject and two objects. According to certain linguistics considerations, these objects may be called direct and indirect, or primary and secondary. Another definition, A ditransitive verb is a type of verb that requires both a direct object and an indirect object in the sentence with it in order for the meaning of the sentence to be complete. This type of verb is typically used when something is being given or exchanged between two or more parties, as the something is the direct object and the receiver is the indirect object EG: Ahmed gave the students an exam An exam is the direct object, what he gave, and ’the students ' is the indirect object, the person he gave it to.
  • 10. This sentence can be also written Ahmed gave an exam to the students (to ) is a preposition in this example it has joined with NP the students to form PP. The PP here is function as io
  • 11. What are some Common Ditransitive Verbs? • • • • • • • Ask Tell Offer Buy Show Send give Others include assign, bet, bring, cost, do, feed, find, get, lend, owe, pass, pay, play (e.g., She played him a song), promise, serve (e.g., He served us dinner), teach, throw, wish, write.
  • 12. Ditransitive verbs can be made passive: The passive forms of ditransitive verbs move one object into the subject position and leave the other in the original place. Usually, however, it is the indirect rather than the direct object that is moved. The students were given an exam by Ahmed.
  • 13. Complex-transitive verb Another class of verb is the complextransitive verb Definition A verb that requires both a direct object and another object or an object complement. Complex transitive verbs have a direct object and a complement (a word or phrase that says something about the direct object.) They have painted their house purple. (complement) I will prove you wrong. The complement relates to the object, not the subject. The complement is therefore an OBJECT COMPLEMENT and the shorthand version is oC.
  • 14. Types: A further type takes both a nominal and a prepositional complement. Ex: Percy placed the penguin on the podium Other verbs take adjectival or adverbial complements. Ex: the judge looked mean. the pianist performed passionately.
  • 15. Observations: Elena Kagan clerked for Thurgood Marshall and has long considered him a hero. When the Congress unanimously elected George Washington president, he accepted reluctantly.
  • 16. Intensive Verbs We use intensive verbs to describe the subject. Intensive verbs are also called copular verbs, are usually followed by a noun or a noun phrase, an adjective or a prepositional phrase. Intensive means to focus on one thing; in this case, the subject. The words or phrases following an intensive verb work as the subject complement. This means they apply to the subject, not the verb. Examples: “Rose is a student” – The focus of this sentence is Rose and what she is. “Tomas looks very young for his age” - The focus of this sentence is Tomas and what he looks like.
  • 17. Prepositional verb Examples : against, , below, , beside, but (when it means except), by, down, , out, since, through, , toward, under, until, , within … etc . Prepositional verbs are a group of multi-word verbs made from a verb plus another word or words. Many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. This is a distinction between three types of multi-word verbs: prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs.
  • 18. Prepositional verbs are made of: verb + preposition Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects. Here are some examples of prepositional verbs: prepositional verbs meaning examples direct object believe in have faith in the existence of I believe in God. look after take care of He is looking after the dog. talk about discuss Did you talk about me? wait for await John is waiting for Mary.
  • 19. Prepositional verbs cannot be separated. That means that we cannot put the direct object between the two parts. For example, we must say "look after the baby". We cannot say "look the baby after": prepositional verbs are inseparable Who is looking after the baby? This is possible. Who is looking the baby after? This is not possible