Gender and social inclusion in M&E for adaptation

www.iied.org @IIED
Gender and social
inclusion in M&E for
adaptation
Gender and social inclusion in M&E for adaptation, 31 August 2022,
Tarisirai Zengeni

Tarisirai Zengeni / @IIED
Gender analysis:
• the systematic attempt to identify key issues contributing to gender inequalities
• including through analysis of gender disaggregated data and information
• examines gender roles and relations and the underlying drivers
• seeks to understand the differing priorities, needs, activities and responsibilities of
different groups of men and women
• most useful when:
• applied routinely to all aspects of intervention planning, implementation and review
(rather than as an after-thought or ‘add-on’)
• undertaken in a participatory manner
• applied to intervention objectives, so that they are modified in response to the needs
and interests of both women and men.
• other aspects of social position are given their fair weight in the development of
effective interventions and institutions.
4
Applying a gender lens.
Gender and social inclusion in M&E for adaptation

Tarisirai Zengeni / @IIED 5
Intersectionality
?
• What are some groups of
people in your country that
M&E for adaptation might look
to pay particular attention to,
and what issues do they
face?

Gender
responsive M&E
for adaptation

Helps us to:
• Detect and capture differences in outcomes and experiences
• Detect unintended consequences for different groups
• Track the resources allocated for gender equality, Ensure the most vulnerable and
overlooked are visible
• Report on international commitments
• Fill existing gaps in gender data across sectors
• Generate evidence and insight into what works for whom in what circumstances, which can also
be rolled out more widely
7
Why gender responsive M&E for
adaptation
Reach Benefit Empower

Systematically applying an
intersectional gender lens
AND
using gender responsive
approaches to:
• Planning of the M&E
• Implementation of the M&E
• Sharing results of the M&E
8
Planning
Implementation
Sharing
When is M&E for adaptation
intersectional gender responsive?
Continuous analysis
& approaches

• Climate adaptation interventions with no gender
focus
• Gender mainstreamed OR
• Non-gender mainstreamed
• Involves incorporating a gender lens to the M&E
• ‘Gender and climate’ adaptation interventions
• gender lens likely built in to the M&E (but…)
• Gender interventions with no explicit climate
adaptation focus
• Involves incorporating a climate adaptation lens to
the M&E
• Interventions with neither a gender nor climate
adaptation focus
• Involves incorporating a ‘climate adaptation and
gender lens’ to the M&E
Gender and social inclusion in M&E for adaptation 9
Types of interventions subject to
gender responsive M&E for adaptation
Interventions with
neither a gender or
climate adaptation
focus
Climate Gender
Climate
&
Gender

Key overall considerations for M&E
systems
?
• From your own (or that of your
colleagues in your country)
experience, what are some
key considerations for M&E for
adaptation to make it more
intersectional gender
responsive?

To enhance the gender responsiveness of the our M&E for adaptation we can:
• Lead with local gender expertise.
• Leverage local groups and national institutions championing the interests of the
different vulnerable groups identified as priority through a gender study.
• Collect and analyse the right intersectional gender data from the start.
• Integrate gender specialists within the M&E team
• Ensure continuity between intervention planning and implementation, and M&E.
• Pursue M&E team-wide gender capacity-building opportunities
• Budget sufficient resource to implement strategies that promote inclusiveness
• Use participatory approaches through out the M&E.
• Position the most marginalised and affected different groups of people as
stakeholders of the M&E and involve them throughout the phases.
11
Key overall considerations for M&E
systems

Applying a gender lens we can:
• Begin M&E planning at the early stage.
• Tailor the intervention M&E approach to the context (cultural and operating)
• Decide whether focus is on monitoring, evaluation or both, – ‘Why do it?’
• Define the scope of the M&E
• Link intersectional gender responsive results and indicators with the objectives of the
intervention. i.e. Intervention’s gender action plan or strategy or logic model
• Incorporate intersectional gender specific objectives, M&E questions into the M&E plan
• Identify key stakeholders, and their specific needs and use for gender responsive M&E
results.
Using participatory approaches we can:
• Include different groups of people among the actors involved in planning the M&E and involve
them fully
13
Key considerations for planning

How change happens
Result 2
Result 1
Result 3
Result 5
Result 4
Result 6 Goal
Problem &
current context
A result can be:
• Output
• Outcome
• Precondition
• Impact
NB: Depends on language and
approach to results used in the
context
Linkage

The results chain
Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Impacts

Indicators - Tabular representation
Desired
result
Indicator Baseline Milestone 1 Milestone 2 Milestone
…
Target Data
collection
Data use
Result 1 Indicator 1.1
Indicator 1.2
Indicator 1.3
Indicator 2.2
Indicator 2.3
Indicator 3.2
Indicator 3.3

• Ensure that the problem and context
analysis explores the gender relevant
issues, usually informed by a gender study
• Include gender-specific and gender-relevant
results as desired key success areas:
• activities
• outputs
• outcomes
• impact
• Be explicit about the gender-specific and
gender-relevant elements within the linkages
critical for achieving desired changes, i.e.
the assumptions based on the:
• internal factors relating to project design
and implementation
• external factors relating to
• other actors’ actions
• the context
Considerations for logic models

Inputs
• What, if any tangible and non-tangible assets and resources were committed to, and in turn used to support the full
engagement of different groups of people, especially the most affected and marginalised?
Activities
• How were the resources committed used…?
• Did the activities happen as planned and how…?
• What, if any activities were designed to address any gender gaps?
• Which groups people engaged, when, and how? Who didn’t, and why?
Outputs
• Which groups people were came away from engaging with intervention activities with enhanced capacities, and to what
extent? Who didn’t, and why?
• Which groups people were reached by the outputs, when, and how? Who wasn’t, and why?
Outcomes
• Were desired results achieved, and to what extent?
• Which groups people benefited? How? Who didn’t, and why?
• Which groups people were empowered? How? Who didn’t, and why?
• Were there (positive or negative) unintended outcomes? For whom, what, and why?
Impacts • What were the differential medium and long term impacts of the intervention on different groups of people? Why?
18
Considerations for M&E questions at
all levels
Tip! An intersectional gender lens can be applied across the OECD DAC criteria for evaluations (Relevance, Coherence,
Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact, and Sustainability)

Key considerations for indicators in
M&E for adaptation
Result Indicator 2
•Baseline
•Milestone(s)
•Target
•Data collection - collection method (who, from where,
how, and how frequently)
•Data analysis – (who, how, and how frequently)
•Data use (who, how, and how frequently)
Indicator 3
•Baseline
•Milestone(s)
•Target
Indicator 1
•Baseline
•Milestone(s)
•Target
Indicator

For each relevant result, consider including:
• Gender focussed indicators e.g.:
• Number indigenous and afro-descendent women who
….
• Number women’s groups
• Number of projects with a gender action plans
• Extent to which new policies are intersectional gender
responsive
• Extent to which the development of the NAP was
participatory and inclusive
• Number of gender focussed projects
• Gender responsive indicators e.g.:
• (addressed in a following slide)
• Gender relevant indicators
• Including context related indicators.
• Include both quantitative and qualitative indicators
e.g.
• People’s perceptions e.g. Extent to which e.g.
individuals from the most vulnerable groups believe
….
Key considerations for indicators in
M&E for adaptation
Result Indicator 2
Indicator 3
Indicator 1
Indicator

Baselines, milestones, and targets
We can
Applying an intersectional gender lens
• establish disaggregated baselines using the gender analysis
and assessment of gendered solutions
• (ensure the baseline report is intersectional gender responsive)
• set intersectional gender disaggregated milestones and
targets
Using intersectional gender responsive approaches
• Work with marginalised groups and their organisations
an/or activists to establish the baselines to set intersectional
gender responsive milestones and targets
• Share the intersectional gender responsive findings of the
baselines, including with people from marginalised groups
and/or representatives from their organisations and
activists
Considerations for indicators in M&E
for adaptation

Data collection
We can:
• Collect data disaggregated for multiple social, economic,
legal and identity characteristics and attributes (gender, age,
race, socio-economic status, location, etc)
• Collecting data use intersectional gender responsive approaches
to e.g.
• participatory approaches
• Work with enumerators belonging to the marginalised
groups
• Separate different groups of people, e.g. by gender,
ethnicity
• Work with people from marginalised groups and/or
representatives from their organisations and activists to
collect data, including seeking local women’s groups and wider
women’s networks in outreach efforts.
for adaptation

Data analysis
We can
• Analyse the data for differences, inequalities, gaps, and
disparities in reach, benefit and empowerment between
different groups of people (the key complexes of identities) in a
particular context
• Create compelling and accurate visualizations of the data
collected, highlighting differences, inequalities, gaps, and
disparities
• Allow for ample time for analysing the data – qualitative,
and intersectional analysis are typically labour and time
intensive
• Work with individuals from marginalised groups and/or
representatives from their organisations and activists to
analyse and validate findings
for adaptation

Data use
We can
• Mainstream gender across our reporting and
knowledge sharing
• Highlight intersectional gender differences,
inequalities, gaps, and disparities, in reach, benefit
and empowerment
• Work with individuals from marginalised groups
and/or representatives from their organisations
and activists to validate findings
for adaptation

1. Number of farmers that have
adopted the model for improved
crops farming for household
consumption and marketing.
25
Example applying a gender lens to
indicators
Commercial and
homestead
producers and
processors increase
productivity by
adopting improved
technologies
3. Number of processors that have
started to adopt new practices
related to processing activities.
4. Number of processors that have
taken up improved processing
methods and improved throughput.
2. Number of farmers with
increased yields
5. Percentage of farmers that are
satisfied with the services provided
to them
6. Extent to which farmers that are
satisfied with the services provided
to them
Option 1: Amend the wording of the
indicator
1. Number of women and men farmers
that have adopted the model for
improved crops farming for household
consumption and marketing.
Option 2: Keep the wording and set
disaggregated baselines, targets, and
milestones
Baseline - # women: # men
Target - # women: # men
Option 3: Keep original indicator of the
outcome as is, and add an additional
indicator
1. Number of women farmers that have
adopted the model for improved crops
farming for household consumption and
marketing.
?
• How could we adapt
them to be more
responsive?

Questions?

Using gender responsive approaches
Key considerations when
implementing M&E
Collect
relevant data
Analyse
relevant data through
an intersectional
gender lens
Share the
responsive findings

Key considerations when collecting
data
?
• What do you think
are some key
considerations when
collecting data in
M&E for adaptation?

Applying an intersectional lens
• Collect data disaggregated for multiple social, economic, legal and identity characteristics and attributes
(gender, age, race, socio-economic status, location, etc)
• Collect both quantitative and qualitative data
• Use mixed methods approaches, i.e..
• Collect data from different sources, including different groups of people to allow for triangulation
• Collect data about the operating environment which may present facilitative and hindering factors
• Develop deep dive case studies
Using gender responsive approaches
• Taking into account the differences between different groups that may induce bias : e.g.
• Use of participatory approaches to data collection,
• Consider the best times and locations for interviewing women
• Child, people living with disabilities, etc friendly and accessible facilities
• Making interview responses confidential and anonymous.
• Work with data collectors who know the communities and can speak their language
Key considerations when collecting
data

Data collection methods
?
• What are some data
collection methods and tools
that you and/or colleagues in
your country use, or have
used, that might be relevant
for M&E for adaptation?

Additional data collection methods:
• Good for detecting unexpected results, even
change processes, of our interventions, whether
good or bad.
• And when applying a gender lens, detecting
unexpected results for different groups of
people.
• All lend themselves well to enabling greater
participation by people
• However, resource and time intensive so better
suited for the more Evaluation – Learning end of the
MEL spectrum – may be too much for regular
monitoring.
• High potential for enabling the most vulnerable
and often marginalised groups to be the experts
on challenges they face and the nature of success in
climate adaptation
• Can be used to collect indicator data especially
qualitative
Data collection beyond indicators
Most
significant
change
(MSC)
Outcome
harvesting
Outcome
stories
Photovoice
Oral
testimonies
Participant
success
stories
33

• Analyse data for differences, inequalities, gaps, and disparities
• Employ technical expertise in analysing quantitative, and qualitative data in a complementary and
triangulated fashion
• Allow for ample time for analysing the data
• Analyse intersectional gender M&E data in tandem with that on the context
• Analyse to determine and prioritize intersectional gender-based constraints and opportunities
and their implications for the climate adaptation interventions
• Create compelling and accurate visualizations of the intersectional gender data collected.
• Engage non-intervention gender experts if possible for peer review of the results.
• Use participatory approaches in analysing data and validating and discussing findings
Key considerations when analysing
data

Sharing
findings

Key considerations for sharing M&E
?
• What are some M&E products
that you and other’s in your
country develop that might be
relevant in M&E for adaptation?
• How do you normally share or
receive M&E findings?
• From your experience, what are
some key considerations in
sharing M&E findings?
Baseline
reports
Donor
reports
Mid-term
evaluation
reports
Policy
briefings
Data sets
Endline
evaluation
reports
Workshops
Training
curricula
Guidance
Seminars
Emails
Meeting
agenda
items

• Report intersectional gender specific findings, highlighting differences
• Include successes, challenges, recommendations and lessons achieving in reach, benefit and
empowerment.
• Acknowledge any gaps and limitations constraining the intersectional gender responsive of the
M&E
• Highlight suggestions for future M&E (and research) to fill knowledge gaps
• Establish regular “gender reflection meetings” for different decision makers and practitioners.
• Share intersectional gender specific findings with others, including the most vulnerable groups
• Make the intersectional gender data available to others
Key considerations for sharing M&E

Questions?
39
Planning
Implementation
Sharing
Continuous analysis
& approaches

Reflecting on your (and in-country colleagues’)
experiences, and what you have heard so far,
share in your groups:
• What intersectional gender responsive
approaches currently exist that are relevant in
the M&E for climate adaptation in your
country?
• What additional intersectional gender
responsive approaches would be the next to
incorporate towards introducing, or strengthening
the intersectional gender responsiveness into
the M&E for climate adaptation in your
country?
(20 minutes)
Group discussion: Promising practice

Plenary

Reflections
and closing

• Intersectional gender responsive M&E is relevant
for most interventions
• The opportunities for integrating intersectional
gender in M&E for adaptation are endless
• Requires systematically applying an intersectional
gender lens & using gender responsive
approaches to:
• Planning, implementing and sharing, incl.
• collecting and analysing data, and sharing the
findings
• Work with the most vulnerable and often
overlooked groups, their organisations and/or
activists, including as experts, throughout the M&E
process
• Leverage local technical experts and organisations,
including the national machineries for women and
other marginalised groups
Key messages

Reflecting on what you already know,
and you have heard so far:
• What was the most striking thing to
stick with you from the session
today, that you are excited to take
back with you to your colleagues?
• What are your main takeaways from
this session?
• What, from what you heard today
would you want more opportunity to
explore with the rest of the peer
group?
Final reflections

The End! Well done, everyone!

Gender and social inclusion in M&E for adaptation

Gender and social inclusion in M&E for adaptation

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