This document discusses tafsir and ta'wil, two Arabic terms related to Quranic interpretation. Tafsir refers to explaining the literal meaning of the Quran based on hadiths and reports of the Prophet and companions. Ta'wil refers to interpretation based on correct opinion and understanding, and some scholars view it as differing from tafsir. There are three main classifications of tafsir: tafsir bi-al-ma'thur uses hadiths and reports, tafsir bi-al-ra'i is based on personal opinion, and tafsir bi-al-isharah relies on indirect signs and hints. The document provides examples to illustrate each type of tafsir
2. TafsirTafsir: LITERAL MEANING: LITERAL MEANING
• TafsirTafsir ((), to explain, to expound, to), to explain, to expound, to
interpret etc.interpret etc.
• : detailed statement: detailed statement
•
• And they do not come to you with an
argument except that We bring you
the truth and the best explanation.
3. TECHNICAL MEANINGTECHNICAL MEANING::
•
• A discipline of knowledge that lead toA discipline of knowledge that lead to
understand the words of Allah which wereunderstand the words of Allah which were
revealed to His messenger Muhammadrevealed to His messenger Muhammad
PBUH, an explanation of its meaning,PBUH, an explanation of its meaning,
extraction of its legislations and itsextraction of its legislations and its
wisdoms.wisdoms.
4. TA'WILTA'WIL: literal meaning: literal meaning
• Literally: FromLiterally: From , to return, to attribute., to return, to attribute.
5. TECHNICAL MEANINGTECHNICAL MEANING::
• A. Majority scholars said: same likeA. Majority scholars said: same like TafsirTafsir..
Based on the Prophet PBUH’s prayer forBased on the Prophet PBUH’s prayer for
Ibn Abbas:Ibn Abbas:
–
– May Allah bestow him with expertise inMay Allah bestow him with expertise in
religion matters and teach himreligion matters and teach him ta’wil.ta’wil.
• B. Other scholars differentiate.B. Other scholars differentiate.
6. TafsirTafsir
• Explanation based onExplanation based on
NARRATION (NARRATION (riwayahriwayah))
• Quoted from traditions orQuoted from traditions or
reports of Prophet,reports of Prophet,
Companions, etc.Companions, etc. (al-naql(al-naql
al-masmu’)al-masmu’)
•99
• They are the tribe ofThey are the tribe of
‘Aws‘Aws andand KhazrajKhazraj
TaTa’’wilwil
• Explanation based onExplanation based on
CORRECT OPINION andCORRECT OPINION and
UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDING
(dirayah)(dirayah)
•4141
• Go forth, whether light or
heavy, and strive with
your wealth and your
lives in the cause of Allah
• A. youth and elderlyA. youth and elderly
• B. rich or poorB. rich or poor
• C. healthy or sickC. healthy or sick
DIFFERENCES betweenDIFFERENCES between TafsirTafsir andand
TaTa’’wilwil
7. CLASSIFICATION OFCLASSIFICATION OF
TAFSIR AND ITSTAFSIR AND ITS
SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS
1.1. TAFSIR BI AL-MA'THUR (narrations)TAFSIR BI AL-MA'THUR (narrations)
2.2. TAFSIR BI AL-RA'I (opinions)TAFSIR BI AL-RA'I (opinions)
3.3. TAFSIR BI AL-ISHARAH (signs)TAFSIR BI AL-ISHARAH (signs)
8. 11--TAFSIR AL-MA'THURTAFSIR AL-MA'THUR
• QurQur’’an by Qur’anan by Qur’an
• QurQur’’an by Hadithan by Hadith
• QurQur’’an by Sahabah’s reportsan by Sahabah’s reports
• QurQur’’an by Tabi`un’s reportsan by Tabi`un’s reports
9. EXAMPLES: QUREXAMPLES: QUR’’AN BYAN BY
QURQUR’’ANAN
•
• It is explained in Al-Infitar 17-19.It is explained in Al-Infitar 17-19.
•))1717(())1818((1919((––
• And what can make you know what is the Day
of Recompense? It is the Day when a soul will
not possess for another soul [power to do] a
thing; and the command, that Day, is [entirely]
with Allah .
10. EXAMPLE: QUREXAMPLE: QUR’’AN BYAN BY
SUNNAHSUNNAH
•2626((--
• For them who have done good is the best
[reward] and extra. No darkness will cover their
faces, nor humiliation. Those are companions of
Paradise; they will abide therein eternally
•heavenheaven
•Seeing Allah SWTSeeing Allah SWT
11. 2. TAFSIR2. TAFSIR BI-AL-RA'IBI-AL-RA'I
(opinion)(opinion)
• Based on one's wise opinion,Based on one's wise opinion, IjtihadIjtihad andand
judgment.judgment.
• ScholarsScholars’’ difference: to accept or to reject.difference: to accept or to reject.
• Acceptable: balanced one.Acceptable: balanced one.
12. Two kindsTwo kinds::
• A)A) Ra'iRa'i al-Mahmudal-Mahmud: conforms to the: conforms to the
Qur'an, Sunnah, objectives of shari`ah,Qur'an, Sunnah, objectives of shari`ah,
Arabic language and its style.Arabic language and its style.
• B)B) Ra'iRa'i al-Madhmumal-Madhmum: against Mahmud. It: against Mahmud. It
is theis the tafsirtafsir by mere opinion.by mere opinion.
14. 3. TAFSIR AL-ISHARIY3. TAFSIR AL-ISHARIY
(signs)(signs)
• Explanations based on indirect indicationsExplanations based on indirect indications
of theof the ayatayat of the Qur'an.of the Qur'an.
• They claim that only the enlightenedThey claim that only the enlightened
slaves of Allah understand its meaning.slaves of Allah understand its meaning.
15. EXAMPLESEXAMPLES::
• MOSES AND KHIDR:MOSES AND KHIDR:
•))6565
• And they found a servant from among Our servants to
whom we had given mercy from us and had taught
him from Us a [certain] knowledge.
•282282
• And fear Allah . And Allah teaches you.
16. • Ayah ofAyah of Ma'idahMa'idah about the completion ofabout the completion of
Religion.Religion.
•33
• This day I have perfected for you your religion
and completed My favor upon you and have
approved for you Islam as religion.
• Everybody was happy with thisEverybody was happy with this ayahayah, but, but
'Umar.'Umar.